How to write a research paper before you start by Dr. R. Narayanasamy, Retd. Prof, NIT Trichy
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This document outlines the typical structure of a research paper and common mistakes seen in manuscripts submitted to journals. It describes the standard sections of introduction, methods, results, and discussion and what they should contain. Some common errors the document notes are vague research questions, disorganized structure, failure to follow journal instructions, selective or unsupported results reporting, outdated references, and poor English writing. The goal is to provide guidance for submitting clear, well-organized research papers.
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core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
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population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
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significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
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to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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This document provides guidance on publishing a journal article. It discusses the common structure of journal articles, including sections like the abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, acknowledgments, and references. Key points covered include the purpose of each section, what information should be included, appropriate word counts and formatting. The document also reviews the overall process of publishing, including initial submission, peer review, responding to reviewer feedback, proofreading, and celebrating once published. The intended audience appears to be researchers or students looking to publish their first academic article.How to Write a Research Proposal-12-12-11 [Autosaved].ppt
This document provides guidance on writing a research proposal. It outlines the key elements that should be included such as the background and significance of the research problem, research question/aim, methods, timeline, and common pitfalls to avoid. The methods section should describe the study design, sample and sample size, setting, protocol, and data analysis plan in sufficient detail that others could replicate the study. The proposal allows others to evaluate the quality of the planned research and makes decisions about funding and ethical approvals.
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Structure of research article for journal publication- Dr. THRIJIL KRISHNAN E M
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significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
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How to write a research paper before you start by Dr. R. Narayanasamy, Retd. Prof, NIT Trichy
- 1. By Dr.R.Narayanasamy Retired Professor (HAG) Department of Production Engineering National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli -620 015 Tamil Nadu India
- 28. Typical structure of a research paper Introduction State why the problem you address is important State what is lacking in the current knowledge State the objectives of your study or the research question Methods Describe the context and setting of the study Specify the study design Describe the sampling strategy Describe the intervention (if applicable) Identify the main study variables Describe data collection instruments and procedures Outline analysis methods
- 29. Results Report on data collection and recruitment (response rates, etc.) Describe participants (demographic, clinical condition, etc.) Present key findings with respect to the central research question Present secondary findings (secondary outcomes, subgroup analyses, etc.) Discussion State the main findings of the study Discuss the main results with reference to previous research Discuss policy and practice implications of the results Analyse the strengths and limitations of the study Offer perspectives for future work
- 30. Common mistakes seen in manuscripts submitted to this journal The research question is not specified The stated aim of the paper is tautological (e.g. ‘The aim of this paper is to describe what we did’) or vague (e.g. ‘We explored issues related to X’) The structure of the paper is chaotic (e.g. methods are described in the Results section) The manuscripts does not follow the journal’s instructions for authors The paper much exceeds the maximum number of words allowed The Introduction is an extensive review of the literature
- 31. Methods, interventions and instruments are not described in sufficient detail Results are reported selectively (e.g. percentages without frequencies, P-values without measures of effect) The same results appear both in a table and in the text Detailed tables are provided for results that do not relate to the main research question In the Introduction and Discussion, key arguments are not backed up by appropriate references References are out of date or cannot be accessed by most readers The Discussion does not provide an answer to the research question The Discussion overstates the implications of the results and does not acknowledge the limitations of the study The paper is written in poor English
- 32. References • How to Write a Good Research Paper - From title to references From submission to acceptance - Presented by: Dolors Alsina, Ph.D. Executive Publisher Elsevier, Amsterdam Shanghai, China November 2014 • Editorial - Writing a research article: advice to beginners, International Journal for Quality in Health Care 2004; Volume 16, Number 3: pp. 191–192