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- 1. (Insulin receptor substrate)(Insulin receptor substrate) InsulinInsulin 活化活化 GlycogenGlycogen synthase kinasesynthase kinase 活性以促活性以促 進進 Glycogen synthesisGlycogen synthesis 作用在使作用在使 GlycogenGlycogen synthesissynthesis 維持在不維持在不 活化的狀態活化的狀態 不活化狀態不活化狀態 活化狀態活化狀態 活化狀態活化狀態 不活化狀態不活化狀態
- 2. 活化狀態活化狀態 (Insulin receptor substrate)(Insulin receptor substrate) InsulinInsulin 活化活化 GlycogenGlycogen sythase kinasesythase kinase 活性以促進活性以促進 Glycogen synthesisGlycogen synthesis 不活化狀態不活化狀態 活化狀態活化狀態 不活化狀態不活化狀態 作用在使作用在使 GlycogenGlycogen synthesissynthesis 維持在不維持在不 活化的狀態活化的狀態
- 3. Pamitate (16:0) 生產 Acetyl CoA 耗掉 1 ATP 生產 7 FADH2 = 7*1.5 ATP 生產 7 NADH = 7*2.5 ATP 生產 7 Acetyl CoA TCA cycle 7 cycles of β-oxidation TCA cycle
- 4. β-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acid 1 Double bond1 Double bond
- 5. 2 Double bond2 Double bond
- 6. The final metabolite of β-oxidation of Odd-Chain fatty acid TCA cycle?
- 7. TCA cycle The metabolism of Propionyl CoA Propionyl CoA Carboxylase Methylmalonyl CoA mutase Methylmalonyl CoA mutaseCoenzyme : Vit B12
- 10. β-oxidation of Eukaryotic cellβ-oxidation of Eukaryotic cell Long chain fatty acid Octanoyl CoA Acetyl CoA
- 11. The first step of β-oxidation in peroxisome of Eukaryotic cell
- 12. From acetyl CoA to Ketone body
- 13. Lack of Glucose Acetyl CoA formed from β-oxidation would not be metabolized into TCA cycle Acetyl CoA formed from β-oxidation would not be metabolized into TCA cycle Acetyl CoAAcetyl CoA The accumulated Acetyl CoA metabolized into ketone body pathway The accumulated Acetyl CoA metabolized into ketone body pathway
- 15. Ketone body biosynthesis pathwayKetone body biosynthesis pathway Acetyl CoAAcetyl CoA Acetyl CoAAcetyl CoA Acetyl CoAAcetyl CoA
- 16. Acetyl CoAAcetyl CoA Acetyl CoAAcetyl CoA
- 17. Acetyl CoAAcetyl CoA HMG CoAHMG CoA
- 19. Rich in NADHRich in NADH Lack of NADHLack of NADH
- 21. TCA cycleTCA cycle GlycolysisGlycolysis GlucoseGlucose TCA cycleTCA cycle COCO22 + H+ H22OO
- 22. Lack of Glucose Acetyl CoA formed from β-oxidation would not be metabolized into TCA cycle Acetyl CoA formed from β-oxidation would not be metabolized into TCA cycle Acetyl CoAAcetyl CoA The accumulated Acetyl CoA metabolized into ketone body pathway The accumulated Acetyl CoA metabolized into ketone body pathway
- 23. Biosynthesis of Fatty Acid 1. Biosynthesis in cytoplasm 2. Acyl Carrier Protein (ACP) 3. Fatty acid synthase 4. Adding by 2 carbons per cycle 5. NADPH 6. Elongation until palmitate (16:0) with Fatty acid synthase complex
- 24. The committed step of synthesis of Fatty Acid Acetyl CoA CarboxylaseAcetyl CoA Carboxylase
- 25. Acetyl ACPAcetyl ACP & Malonyl ACP& Malonyl ACP Acetyl CoAAcetyl CoA && Malonyl CoAMalonyl CoA Binding with ACPBinding with ACP
- 29. Acetyl CoAAcetyl CoA should be transported toshould be transported to cytoplasm via citrate for fatty acid synthesiscytoplasm via citrate for fatty acid synthesis ATP-citrate lysaseATP-citrate lysase Malate DHaseMalate DHase Malate enzymeMalate enzyme
- 30. Sources of NADPHSources of NADPH
- 31. Regulation of Acetyl CoA carboxylaseRegulation of Acetyl CoA carboxylase
- 37. Biochemistry Sixth Edition Chapter 26 The Biosynthesis of Membrane Lipids and Steroids Copyright © 2007 by W. H. Freeman and Company Berg • Tymoczko • Stryer