Class 10 chemistry chapter Acids, Bases, and Salts, Anshika Krishnatray, DPS Greater Noida Teacher has a youtube channel named Study10th

1. METALS & NON-
METALS
Anshika

2. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF
METALS
Ionisation Energy – is the amount of energy required to remove the
electrons from the valence shell of an isolated gaseous atom so as to
convert into a positive ion. Hence, they are electropositive in nature.
Na → Na+ + e–

3. REACTION WITH OXYGEN
Most of the metals form respective metal oxides when reacting with oxygen.
Metal + Oxygen → Metal Oxide
Examples:
Reaction of Potassium with Oxygen: Potassium metal forms potassium oxide when reacts with oxygen.
Reaction of Sodium with Oxygen: Sodium metal forms sodium oxide
Lithium, potassium, sodium, etc. are known as Alkali-metals. Alkali metals react vigorously with oxygen,
Copper does not react with oxygen at room temperature but when burnt in air, it gives oxide.
Silver, gold and platinum do not combine with the oxygen of air even at high temperature. They are the least reactive.

4. If we notice the nature of oxides the Metal oxides are basic in nature, i.e., they turn red litmus blue but some metal
oxides proved to be amphoteric (i.e they have acidic and basic character). Amphoteric oxides are metal oxides which
react with both acids as well as bases to form salt and water.
For example aluminum oxide and zinc oxide.
Al2O3(s)+6HCl(aq)→2AlCl3(aq)+3H2O(l)
Al2O3(s)+2NaOH(aq)→2NaAlO2(aq)+H2O(l)
ZnO(s)+2HCl(aq)→ZnCl2(aq)+H2O(l)
ZnO(s)+2NaOH(aq)→Na2ZnO2(aq)+H2O(l)
Sodium Zincate

5. REACTION WITH WATER
Metals form respective hydroxide and hydrogen gas when reacting with water.
Metal + Water → Metal hydroxide + Hydrogen
Most of the metals do not react with water. However, alkali metals react vigorously with water or even with
steam.
1. Na, K – react with cold water very violently
•Reaction is highly exothermic
•H2 gas is evolved and catches fire
2. Ca – reacts with water at room temperature
•Reaction is not as vigorous as of Na and K
•It does no burn immediately instead form bubbles on the surface of Ca and floats up as h2 gas is lighter

6. 3. Mg – does not react with cold water
•Only hot water
•Mg floats on the surface of water due to bubbles of H2 gas sticking on its
surface.
•When steam is passed over magnesium metal, magnesium oxide and hydrogen gas are formed.
4. Al, Zn, Fe – does not react with hot or cold water
•But when steam is passed over aluminium metal, aluminium oxide and hydrogen gas are produced.
•2Al + 3H2O → Al2O3 + 2H2
Reaction of iron with cold water is very slow and comes into notice after a long time. Iron forms rust
(iron oxide) when reacts with moisture present in the atmosphere. Iron oxide and hydrogen gas are
formed by passing of steam over iron metal.

7. 5. Lead, copper, silver and gold - do not react with steam.
•The order of reactivity of different metals towards water may be written as :
K > Na > Ca > Mg > Al > Zn > Fe > Pb > Cu > Ag > Au

8. REACTION WITH DILUTE ACIDS
1. Na, K – react very violently with dil. HCL
•Forming chlorides with h2 gas, explosive in nature
2. Calcium – less vigorous than Na and K
Ca + HCl → CaCl2 + H2
3. Magnesium – reacts rapidly but the reaction is less vigorous than Ca
Mg + HCl → MgCl2 + H2
4. Aluminium – In the beginning, it reacts slowly with HCL, the surface of Al is
covered with a protective layer of Al oxide. But when this layer gets dissolved
in acid, reaction becomes fast.
Mg + HCl → MgCl2 + H2
5. Zinc – reacts slowly
6. Iron – very slowly
7. Cu, Hg, Ag – do not react with HCL

9. 8. Gold & Platinum – do not react with any pure and strong acid like
HCL or h2so4, that us why they are called nobke metals. However,
thry do dissolve in a mixture of concentrated HCL and HNO3 acid
taken in the ratio 3 : 1 by volume, it is called aqua regia meaning
royal water in Latin.
It is highly corrosive and fuming liquid.

10. REACTIONS OF METALS WITH
CHLORINE
Metals react with chlorine to form metal chlorides.
Reactive metals like Na, K, Ca & Mg combine at room temperature
whereas less reactive metals like Zn, Fe, Al & Cu combine on heating.

11. REACTIONS OF METALS WITH
HYDROGEN

12. REDUCING BEHAVIOUR
The alkali metals have low value of ionization energy which decreases down
the group and so can easily lose their valence electron and thus act as good
reducing agents.
Na > Mg > Zn > Fe > Cu > Ag