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DIREITOIMOBILIÁRIO
Osnovosnegóciosepossibilidadesjurídicas
imobiliáriasdiantedaLei13.465/2017
ANARITAPETRAROLI
2
Osistemaimobiliáriobrasileirosofreuprofundasalteraçõesnosúltimos
anos,semdúvida,omaiorobjetivodoLegisladoremtodasasmudanças
foipromoveraregularizaçãodascentenasdemilharesdebensimóveisà
margemdoregistrodeimóvel,alheiosaoEstado.
Amantençadobemimóvelàmargemdofóliorealéextremamente
prejudicialaorealproprietário,aoterceiroeaoEstado–emlinhasgerais,prejudicialaorealproprietário,aoterceiroeaoEstado–emlinhasgerais,
valesalientarasprincipaisdificuldadesacadaum dosatingidos:
I.Aorealproprietário–pessoaqueganhou,recebeucomoformade
pagamento,herdououmesmocomprouoimóvelmasnuncaregistrouo
bem em seunome–valendosalientarqueonãoregistrodobem obstao
reconhecimento da propriedade pela Leide Registros Públicos -é
profundamentetemerário:a)obemnãopoderáserdadoemgarantia(com
adevidaaverbaçãoouregistrodagarantiajuntoamatriculadoimóvel),
tampouconãoserápossívelrealizarregularmentenenhum loteamentoou
incorporaçãoincorporaçãoimobiliárianaárea;b)ovalordoimóvelsofrerásignificativa
desvalorizaçãoem negóciosfuturos(anteafaltaderegistroem nomedo
proprietáriooumesmopelafaltadeaverbaçãodeconstruçõesexistentes);
c)possíveispermutasdeimóveisnãoserãoregistradas(fragilizandoa
situaçãojurídicadospermutantes);d)questõesdeordem tributáriasão
preocupantestambém –sonegaçãofiscal,acréscimodepatrimôniosem
lastro declarado, dentre outras questões; e) impossibilidade de
integralizaçãointegralizaçãodecapitalsocialcom osimóveisirregulares;f)repassedo
problema com o imóvelirregular para os herdeiros (cônjuges e
descendentes,ascendentesedemaisbeneficiados);g)necessidadede
defesaprocessualdoimóvelaqualquermomento(embargosdeterceiro)na
hipótesedeconstriçãojudicialdoimóvelregistradoem nomededevedor
quefigureaindacomodonodacoisa;h)dificuldadederegularizaçãodo
imóvel junto a Prefeitura no tocante a questões administrativas
(regularização(regularização de construções,novas construções,tributos e taxas
incidentesnobem)–dentreoutrosimpactosnegativos;
1
3
II.Aoterceiro–nãoregularizadoformalmenteoimóvel(com o
registronoRegistrodeImóveiscompetente),todonegóciojurídicoque
envolva o bem será cercado de insegurança jurídica (preocupação
permanentequantoapossívelperda(oudiscussão,nomínimo)dobem):a)
arrendamentos rurais; b) aquisição de imóvel (terrenos, casas,
apartamentos,lotes,salascomerciaisedemaisespaçosimobiliários);c)
aceitação de imóveis irregulares em garantia (o que fragilizará
sobremaneirasobremaneiraodireitodepreferência);d)nãoadmissãoderecebimentode
bensimóveisirregularesparafim deintegralizaçãodecapitalsocialde
empresas–dentreoutrosimpactosnegativos;
2
III.Estado–airregularidadedoimóveljuntoaoRegistrodeImóveis
fragilizaocontroledoPoderPúbliconotocante:a)aorecolhimentodeITBI
eITCMD;b)aoganhopatrimonialedeclaraçãodeIR;c)asonegaçãofiscal;
d)parcelamentosirregularesdosolo;e)aspectosambientaiseurbanísticos
–dentreoutrosimpactosnegativos.
3
Portodo o apresentado,mostram-se claros os diversos elementos
motivadorespararegularizaçãodosimóveis–masinterpretarasreformas
ocorridasnaLeideRegistrosPúblicos,CódigoCivileporleisesparsas,
notadamente pela Lei13.465/17 como instrumentos exclusivos da
regularizaçãodeimóveisémuitopouco.
4
Olegisladorinfraconstitucionalpromoveusignificativasalteraçõesna
estruturadosdireitosreais,claro,primeiramente,objetivandofacilitara
regularizaçãodosimóveis,masagamadenovosdireitose,portanto,de
negóciosjurídicosimobiliárioscriados,émarcante-comoporexemplo:
condomíniodelote,condomíniourbanosimplesedireitodelaje(além das
Reurb-SeReurb-E).
5
6
7
8
9
10
Advogada formada pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica,atuante na área
securitária,criminal,contratualederesponsabilidadecivil;Especialistanaárea
securitária pela FGV-SP;Árbitra;Especialista em Responsabilidade Civile
ContratosdoCódigodeDefesadoConsumidorpelaPUC;EspecialistaemDireito
PenalpelaPUC-SP;Especialistaem DireitoDigital;DiretoraeCatedráticada
ANSP -Academia Nacionalde Segurose Previdência;Sócia fundadora da
empresaconceitoFraudEnemyGroup®,especializadanocombateàfraudeem
seguros;seguros;SóciadaIASIU–InternationalAssociationofSpecialInvestigationUnits;
DiretoraePresidentedoGrupoNacionaldeCombateàFraudeem Segurosdo
CILA/AIDA–Association;InternationaledeDroitdeAssurance;PresidentedaAIDA
–Association;Internationale de DroitdeAssurance 2016/2018;Membro da
MicroinsuranceNetwork;DestaquepelaRevistaApóliceeCobertura;Palestrante
internacional.
AnaRitaPetraroli
SóciaFundadora

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Petraroli - Direito Imobiliário