1. Power Delivery in Today’s Data Center
On-Demand Architecture for
Network Critical Physical Infrastructure
Kevin P. Burke, P.E.
Critical Systems Manager – Southeast Region
Kevin.Burke@schneider-electric.com
704-821-0524
All content in this presentation is protected – © 2008 American Power Conversion Corporation

2. Agenda
● Present State of Affairs, Glimpse of the Future for
Data Center Power Requirements.
● Efficiency Improvements and Path to Savings
● Higher Voltage Options for Data Center Distribution
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3. IT Changes and Mechanical/Electrical Load Impacts
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4. High Density Computing
35
Per Rack Power Density (KW)
30
25 Max per-rack IT Load
20
15
Data Center rated
10 rack power capacity
5
0
Year
IT Loads are greatly exceeding rated capacity!
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5. Needs for the Future Now!
● Support for Higher Density Loads.
● High Density Zones
● kW per Rack vs Watts per Ft2
● Higher Overall Building Efficiency.
● Improved Efficiency of Every Aspect of Data Center
Power Consumption.
● Green Solutions.
● Reduced Environmental Impact
● Reduce – Recycle - Reuse
● Rapid Deployment and Relocation.
● Changing Face of Economy
• Mergers & Acquisitions
• Compaction, Consolidation
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6. A standardized way to specify density Specifying
Density
Traditional Same 500 kW data center – but different “average
way density” depending on how calculated:
746 watts/ft2
Ambiguous
179 watts/ft2 • Include access area around
racks?
• Include back-room area?
119 watts/ft2
• Consider total mains power
consumption ?
189 watts/ft2
White paper
120
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7. A standardized way to specify density Specifying
Density
Traditional Same 500 kW data center – but different “average
way density” depending on how calculated:
746 watts/ft2
Ambiguous
179 watts/ft2 • Include access area around
racks?
• Include back-room area?
119 watts/ft2
• Consider total mains power
consumption ?
189 watts/ft2
A better way Total IT power
5 kW/rack = # of racks
● Eliminates the ambiguities of watts/ft2
White paper
● Allows different densities for different areas
120 of the data center
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8. 1 Spread the load
Cooling strategies: 2 Supplemental cooling
3 High-density zone
High-density zone 4 Whole room
● A “mini data center”
with its own cooling
● Contributes no heat to ● Hot/cool air circulation localized within
rest of data center
the zone by short air paths and/or
● Works with existing containment
room-based cooling
● Achieves optimal efficiency
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9. High Efficiency UPS
● Most UPS Manufacturers
are Striving for Higher
Efficiencies in Standard
Designs Today.
● On-Line UPS modules
available with efficiencies
as high as 96% at 100%
Load.
● Flatter Efficiency Curves At
Lighter Loads.
● More “Right Sized”
Designs.
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10. Efficiency Savings through Scalability
● Parallel for capacity or ● Parallel for capacity or
redundancy redundancy
● 4000 amps system bus ● 4000 amps system bus
● 4 X 800 kVA/720 kW UPS ● 2 X 1600 kW Scalable UPS
● Average load of 40 – 60% ● Average load of 40 – 60%
● UPS load at 50-55% has ● UPS sized to ~ 80% of load
Efficiency ranges from 91% with an efficiency of around
to 94% 97%
● At a loading of 55%, a 2880 kW ● At a loading of 1600 kW (50%
system (1600 kW load), with an system load), each module can be
efficiency of 91% will have kW initially populated to 1000 kW.
losses of 158 kW ● Each module, loaded to 80%, with
● At a kWh rate of $0.07, 158 kW of an efficiency of 97% will have
losses translates to $96,886 per system kW losses of 49 kW.
year ● At a kWh rate of $0.07, 49 kW of
losses translates to $30,047 per
year.
6 points of efficiency improvement saves $66,839 per year in electrical costs
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11. UPS Load vs. Capacity
Day 1 Capacity for Day 1 Loads
Day 2 Capacity for Day 1 Loads Day 2 Capacity for Day 2 Loads
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12. Typical North American Data Center
Power Distribution
 Standard Configuration Utilizes
PDUs to Transform UPS voltage to
Server Power Supply Voltages
 480 VAC, 3 Phase, 3 W + G to
208Y/120 VAC.
 Overall Rating of PDUs Can be 1.5
to 3 Times the System Rating.
 Even the Best PDUs Have
Efficiency Losses Associated With
Them.
 Weight and Footprint
Considerations in the Data Center
White Space.
 Heat Losses Associated with XFMR
 208Y/120 VAC. Five Conductors, A,
B, C, N, G, Higher Amperage
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13. Typical 400 VAC Data Center
Power Distribution
 400 VAC Configuration Utilizes no
PDUs to Transform UPS voltage to
Server Power Supply Voltages
 400Y/230 VAC, 3 Phase, 4 W + G
to Rack.
 Distribution More Closely Sized to
the System Rating.
 Single Autotransformer or 400 VAC
UPS System can be used.
 Greatly Reduced Weight and
Footprint Considerations in the
Data Center White Space.
 No or Reduced XFMR Heat Losses
 400Y/230 VAC. Five Conductors, A,
B, C, N, G, Lower Amperage
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14. Questions?
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