1. :
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2. SPECTACLE
• SPECTACLE IS AN OPTICAL APPLIANCE
COMPRISING A LENSES AND A FRAME WITH
SIDES EXTENDING TOWARDS THE EARS.
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3. 3

4. SPECTACLE
FRAME
EYE
GLASSES
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5. EYE GLASSES
• THESE OPTICAL APPLIANCE COMPRISING A
LENSES AND A FRAME HAVING NO SIDE.
• EYE GLASSES WERE USED IN THE PART AND
HAVE BEEN REPLACE IN SPECTACLE.
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6. FRAME
• THE PORTION OF SPECTACLE WHICH HOLDS THE
LENSES CONTAINING THE OPHTHALMIC
PRESCRIPTION IN THEIR PROPER POSITION IN
FRONT OF THE EYES.
• THERE ARE TWO PART IN FRAME:
• (1)FRAME FRONT
• (2)TEMPLES
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8. FRAME
TEMPLE
FRAME
FRONT
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9. FRAME FRONT
• GUARD
ARM
• NOSE
PAD
• HINGES
RIM LUGS
BRIDGE
END
PIECE
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10. FRAME FRONTS-
RIMS
BRIDGE
JOINTS AND
LUGS
LENSES
END PIECE
HINGES
NOSE PADS
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11. RIM
• The rim going around the lenses is known as
the eyewire or rim
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12. RIM
FULL FRAME
SEMI RIMLESS
RIMLESS
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13. FULL FRAME
SEMI
RIM LESS
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14. RIM LESS(three piece)
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15. SEMIRIMLESS
SUPRA
FRAMES INFRA SUPRA
FRAMES
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16. SUPRA FRAMES
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17. INFRA SUPRA FRAMES
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18. BRIDGE
• That area of the frame front between the
lenses that rests on the nose is the bridge.
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19. REGULAR BRIDGE
INSERT BRIDGE
SADDLE BRIDGE
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20. REGULAR BRIDGE
RESTS ON NOSE WITH FULL
SUPPORT.
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21. INSERT BRIDGE
IT PROTECTS BEHIND THE FRAME
PLANE ,SO THAT THE AREA OF
CONTACT LIES BEHIND THE LENS
SPACE.
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22. SADDLE BRIDGE-
COMBINATION OF REGULAR AND
INSERT BRIDGE.
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23. OTHER
CLASSIFICATION
ACCORDING TO
MATERIAL .
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24. PLASTIC BRIDGE
SADDLE
BRIDGE
KEY HOLE
BRIDGE
MODIFIED
SADDLE
BRIDHE
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25. SADDLE BRIDGE
• The saddle bridge is shaped like a saddle in a
smooth curve and follows the bridge of the
nose.
• This spreads the weight of the frame evenly
over the sides and crest of the nose.
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27. MODIFIED SADDLE BRIDGE
• In the modified saddle, the bridge area looks
much the same as the saddle bridge does
when viewed from the Front.
• The difference is that there are nose pads that
are part of the back of the bridge.
• These pads help to carry some of the weight
of the frame.
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29. KEYHOLE BRIDGE
• The keyhole bridge is shaped like an old-
fashioned keyhole.
• At the top, the bridge flares out slightly.
• The bridge rests on the sides of the nose, but
not on the rest.
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31. METAL BRIDGE
COMFORT
METAL SADDLE
BRIDGE
PAD
BRIDGE
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32. PAD BRIDGE
• The bridge commonly used in metal frames is
the pad bridge.
• In the pad bridge, nose pads are attached to
the frame by metal pad arms.
• In this case, the pads alone support the
weight of the glasses.
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33. PAD BRIDGE
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34. COMFORT BRIDGE
• When a metal frame is equipped with a clear
plastic saddle-type bridge, the bridge type is
referred to as a comfort bridge.
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36. METAL SADDLE BRIDGE
• Metal and rimless frames were, and
sometimes still are, constructed with a metal
saddle bridge and enjoyed widespread use for
a period of history.
• It may yet appear exactly as before or
decoratively in conjunction with nose pads.
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38. HINGES
• The hinges hold the temples to the front, and
consist of an odd number of interfitting
barrels, the total number being three, five, or
seven.
• Hinges may vary in construction , but for
simplicity are usually classified by the total
number of barrels they have when assembled,
such as a three-barrel hinge.
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41. LUGS
They are projection on the sides
to which the side piece are
attached.
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42. END PIECE
• The outer areas of the frame front, to the
extreme left and right where the temples
attach, are known as the end pieces.
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44. ENDPIECE
PLASTIC METAL
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45. PLASTIC ENDPIECE
BUTT
MIRE
TURN BACK
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46. BUTT
• the front is straight and the temple butt is fl
at, and both meet at a 90-degree angle.
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47. MAKES AN ANGLE OF 90 DEGREE.
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48. MITRE
• The mitre end piece causes the frame front
contact area and temple butt to meet at a 45-
degree angle.
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49. MAKES AN ANGLE OF 45 DEGREE.
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50. TURN BACK
• In the turn-back type, the frame front bends
around and meets the temple end to end.
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51. BENDS AROUND AND MEEETS THE TEMPLE END TO END.
MOST COMMONLY USED.
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52. METAL
TURN
BACK
WRAP
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53. TURN BACK
• The traditional metal end piece has a
construction similar to the turn-back end
piece of the plastic frame.
• There are now a wide variety of metal
endpiece designs
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55. WRAP
• End pieces are also noticeable by their
absence.
• Instead of an end piece, some frame fronts
and temples are made as one continuous
piece.
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57. NOSE PADS
Mostly frame have nose pads ,
which are plastic piece that rest on
the nose to support the frame.
It also directly attached to the
frame.
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58. NOSE PAD
LOOSE
NOSE PAD FIXED NOSE
PAD
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62. GUARD ARM
• Some frames have nose pads, which are
plastic pieces that rest on the nose to support
the frame.
• These may be directly attached to the frame
or to connecting metal pieces known as guard
arms or pad arms.
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63. Guard arm
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64. TEMPLE
• TEMPLE – THEY ATTACH TO THE
FRONT AND HOOK OVER THE
EARS TO HELP HOLD THE
SPECTACLES IN PLACE.
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65. PORTION-
BUTT
BEND
EAR
PIECE
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66. The portion of the temple that attached
to the frame front is known as the butt
portion or butt end.
The place on a temple where is first
bends down to go over the ears is called
Bend.
The portion in temple between the butt
portion and bend portion is called shank
or shaft. 66

67. The portion beyond the bend and
behind the ear is known as the ear
piece or curl.
The spring system is also pressent
in the butt portion.
Steel wire pressent in temple.
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68. TYES OF TEMPLE
SKULL LIBRARY CONVERTIBLE
RIDING BOW
COMFORT
CABLE
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69. SKULL TEMPLE
• Skull temples bend down behind the ear and
follow the contour of the skull, resting evenly
against it.
• The bent-down portion is narrower at the top
of the ear and widens toward the end.
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71. RIDING BOW TEMPLE
• Riding bow temples curve around the ear,
following the crotch of the ear where the ear
and the head
• meet and extend to the level of the earlobe.
They are sometimes used in children’s and
safety frames.
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73. LIBRARY TEMPLE
• Library temples usually begin with an average
width at the butt and increase in width
posteriorly.
• They are practically straight and hold the
glasses on primarily by pressure against the
side of the head.
• They are also known as straight-back temples.
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75. CONVERTIBLE TEMPLE
• Convertible temples were originally designed
so they could be bent down to take on the
form of skull temples, and “converted” from
the straight-back to the skull design.
• Because this temple is versatile and can be
made to fit people with a variety of temple
length requirements, it is commonly used.
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76. • However, it now comes already bent down for
a certain temple Fit.
• If the bend is in the wrong location, the
temple may be easily straightened out and
then re-bent to fit the wearer.
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78. COMFORT CABLE
• Comfort cable temples are shaped the same as
riding bow temples, but are of metal
construction with the curl, or behind the ear
portion, constructed from a flexible coiled
cable.
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