NFC - The technology behind the metro cards used in Indian metro trains. Also, this technology has the capability to convert your smartphone into a virtual wallet like Google Wallet.

1. Near Field Communication Technology
Sudhakar Kumar
School of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University
Katra – 182 320, Jammu & Kashmir, INDIA

2. What is NFC Technology?
• A short-range radio technology that operates on the 13.56 MHz
frequency, with data transfers of up to 424 kilobits per second.
• NFC communication is triggered when two NFC-compatible de-
vices are brought within proximity, around four centimeters.

3. Operation of NFC
1. Based on Inductive coupling
2. Magnetic Induction between two loop antennas [located within
each other’s near field]
3. An initiator and a target

5. Modes of Operation
1. Active Mode
2. Passive Mode

6. Active Mode

7. Passive Mode

8. Modes in NFC
1. Read/ Write Mode.
2. Peer to Peer Mode
3. Card Emulation Mode

9. Applications of NFC
1. Touch and Go.
2. Touch and Confirm
3. Touch and Connect

10. Touch and Go

11. Touch and Confirm

12. Touch and Connect

13. How do the Delhi Metro cards and tokens work?
• Delhi Metro tokens and cards have an NFC tag inside which
allows the exit machines to read/write data on it.
• The communication used at Metro Exit Gates is ‘Active-Passive
Peer Interaction’.
• The transmission frequency used in Delhi Metro is 13.56 MHz
and data transfer takes place at 212 kbps.

14. Inner view of Metro Card

15. Comparison with Existing Technologies

16. Advantages of NFC
1. Highly convenient from users’ perspective
2. Secure Communication
3. No manual configuration and settings
4. No search and pair procedure [inquiry and inquiry scan in
Bluetooth]

17. Limitations of NFC
1. Short range operation
2. Low data transfer rate [in kbps]

18. Devices exploiting NFC technology
1. Samsung Galaxy S II
2. Google Nexus 7
3. Nokia 6212 Classic

19. NFC Task Launcher
1. Task launcher is a great way to bring the benefits of NFC into
daily life.
2. Whether the tag turns our phones to silent when we get home
from work or turns on our Bluetooth as we get into the car, the
options are limitless.
3. Some phones have some task launcher functions built in.

20. Related Work
• The MIT Mobile Experience Laboratory demonstrates several
real-world uses of NFC in phones, including making payments
and pairing devices for peer-to-peer games [1].
• Johnson’s Control is exploiting NFC in monitoring data centers
[2].
• Bump Technologies has built an API to support communication
between two devices after they’ve “bumped” together [3].

21. References
[1 ] MIT Mobile Experience Lab. A day at mit with near-field communication.
http://techtv.mit.edu/videos/1369-a-day-atmit-with-near-field-communication.
[2 ] Online Available:
http://www.johnsoncontrols.com/content/
dam/WWW/jci/be/solutions for your/datacenter/Modular%20Data%20Center%20Brochure.pdf
[3 ] Bump technologies. [Online] Available: http://bu.mp.

22. Questions/ Suggestions/ Comments