NURSING

1. ROY ADAPTION MODEL
CREDENTIALS OF THEORIST
Sr. CallistaRoyishighlyrespectednursetheorist,writer,lecturer,andresearcher.
She born 14th
October1939 inLos Angeles,California.
EDUCATION / TRAINING & DEGREE
 Mount St. Mary’s College,LosAngeles,B.A.,1963( nursing)
 Universityof California,LosAngelesM.S1966( nursing – Pediatrics&maternity)
 Universityof California,LosAngeles,M.A 1973( sociology,self&role systems)
 Universityof California ,Los AngelesPhD1977( sociology)
 University of California , San Francisco, Postdoc. Fellow, 1983-85( neuroscience nsg/ admin/
ethics)
HONORS AND AWARDS (selected)
 1981-Sigma Theta tau,,International foundersaward
 1983 - HonoryDoctorate Alvernocollege,Milwaukee;
 2000 – Alpha Sigma Nu Jesuit universities Book award for Roy’s adaptation Model – based
research: 25 Years of contributionstonursingscience.
THEORITICAL SOURCES
 Dorothy Johnson encouraged her to develop her concept of adaptation as a frame work for
adaptationduringhermastersprogramme at universityof California
 Systemtheory processof responding
 Helsons’s theory : acc to him adaptation is a process of responding positively to environmental
changes
 Humanism: the model usesthe conceptfromMaslow to explore beliefsandvaluesof person
MAJOR ASSUMPTIONS
PERSON :
 Person is a bio-psycho social being in constant interaction with changing environment, he is
a recipientof nursingcare.
 An adaptive systemwithcopingprocess

2.  Describedasa whole comprisedof parts
 Functionsasa unityforsome purpose
 Includes people as individuals or in groups( families, organization, community and society as
a whole.
 An adaptive system with cognation and regulator subsystems acting to maintain adaptation
in four adaptive modes : physiological physical, self concept group identity, role function
and interdependence
ENVIRONMENT:
 All conditions, circumstances, and influences surrounding and affecting the development and
behavior of persons and groups with particular consideration of mutuality of person and earth
resources.
 Three kindsof stimuli :focal,contextual &residual
 Significantstimuli inall humanadaptationinclude stagesof development,familyandculture
HEALTH AND ADAPTATION:
A state and process of being and becoming integrated and whole person. Lack of integration
representslackof health.
Adaptation is a process of promoting physiological, psychological and social integrity and that
integrityimpliesanunimpairedconditionleadingtocompletenessandunity.
NURSING
Nursing is the science and practice that expands adaptive abilities and enhances person and
environmenttransformation.
The goal of nursing as a promotion of adaptive responses in relation to four adaptive modes.
Nursing seeks to reduce ineffective responses and promote adaptive responses as output behavior
of the person.
MAJOR CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS

3. DEFINITIONS
SYSTEM: A system is a “set of units so related and connected as to form a unity or a whole and
characterized by inputs, outputs, control and feedback processes.” Roy considers the recipient of
care to be an openadaptive system
 Are greaterthan someof it’s parts.
 React to and interactwith othersystemin the environment
 React asa whole , dysfunction in onecomponentaffecttheentire system.
 Have boundariesthatareflexibleand open , permit interaction with anothersystem.
CHARECTERISTICS OF SYSTEM
INPUT
In Roy’s system, input is defined as a stimuli which can come from the environment or from with in the
person. stimuli are classified as focal, contextual , residual. Input also includes a persons adaptation
level.Eachpersonsadaptationlevel isunique and changesconstantly.
FOCAL STIMULLI
The focal stimuli isthe degree of change orstimulusmostimmediately,which needsadaptation
CONTEXUAL STIMULI
Contextual stimuli are “ all other stimuli present that contribute to the behavior caused or precipitated
by focal stimuli
RESIDUAL STIMULI
Nonspecificstimulisuchasbelief /attitude (pastexperience)
THROUGHPUT
Throughput makes use of a persons control processes and effectors. Processes refuse to control
mechanism that a person uses as an adaptive system. Effectors refers to the physiological function, self
conceptand role functionwhichevolvedinadaptation.
OUTPUT
Output is the out come of the system when the person is a system, output refers to the behavior of the
person . In Roy’s system, output is categorized as adaptive responses or ineffective responses. These
responsesoroutput provide feedbackforthe system

4. COPING:Waysof responding to stress
ADAPTATION LEVEL: rangeof person’sability to respondsto and copewith stimuli
COPING MECHANISMS
There are twotypesof copingmechanisms
REGULATOR
The regulator sub system consists of inputs, internal process and output. Input stimuli can originate
internally or externally to a person. The transmitters of regulator system are chemical, neural, or
endocrine in nature. The regular sub- system control internal processes elated to physiological
needs.
COGNATOR :-The cognator subsystem consists of input , internal process and output. Cognator
control process are related to the higher brain functions for perception of information processing is
relatedtointernal processesof selection,attention,codingandmemory.
ADAPTIVE MODES:- Roy identifies four adaptive modes or categories for assessment of behavior.
That resultsfromregulator,cognatormechanismresponses.
These adaptive modesare
 The physiologicmode
 The self conceptmode
 The role of function/masterymode
 The interdependencymode
There are two interrelatedsystems inRoy’s model
o The primary/functional/control processessubsystem: consistsof the regulatorandcognator.
o The secondary,effectorssubsystem:consistsof fouradaptive modes
Physiological needs,self concept,role functionandinterdependence

5. Stimuli
adaptation
level
Feedback
Control process EffectorsIn put output
Coping
mechanism
Regulator
Cognator
Physiological
function
Self concept
Role function
interdependenc
e
Ada
ptiv
e
and
enef
fetiv
e
resp
ons
es