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Semelhante a Lung cancer.pptx
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Lung cancer.pptx
- 1. Lungs cancer
- 2. Introduction Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. There is a strong link between smoking and lung cancer. World-wide over 1 million people are diagnosed with lung cancer each year. Tobacco use accounts for 87% of lung cancer. Lung cancer affect primarily in 5 or 6th decade of life. In 70% of lung cancer patient, disease has spread to distant organs.
- 3. Definition It is a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung.
- 4. UNITED STATES:- In 2020,there were 235760 diagosed with lungs cancer and 131880 deaths INDIA:- In 2018,there were 1.16 million diagosed with lungs cancer and 784821 deaths
- 6. Causes Tobacco Smoking Passive smoking Radon gas Air pollution Inheridity Exposure of radiation Exposure of Chemicals
- 7. Localized Signs and Symptoms Cough Breathing Problems, SOB, stridor Change in phlegm Lung infection, hemoptysis Hoarseness, Hiccups Weight loss Chest Pain and tightness eural Effusion Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Fatigue
- 8. Generalized Signs and Symptoms Bone pain Headaches, mental status changes or neurologicfindings Abdominal pain, elevated liver function tests, enlarged liver, gastrointestinal disturbances (anorexia, cachexia), jaundice, hepatomegaly r/t liver involvement Weight loss
- 9. Stage 1. Tumor is small and localised to lung, no lymphnode involvement *A-Tumor <3 cm *B-Tumor >3 cm and invading surrounding local area Stage 2. A-Tumor <3cm with invasion of lymph nodes. Tumor >3 cm involving the bronchus and lymph nodes. on the same side of chest and tissue of local organs.
- 10. Stage 3. A. Tumor spread to the nearby structure and regional lymph nodes B. Tumor involving heart, trachea, esophagus,mediastinum and lymph nodes. Stage 4- distant metastasis
- 11. CXR CT Scans MRI Sputum cytology Fibreoptic bronchoscopy Transthoracic fine needle aspiration
- 12. Blood Tests *CBC- to check red/white blood cell & platelets -to check bone marrow and organ function *Blood Chemistry Test- to assess how organ functioning such as liver and kidney Biopsy-to determine if the tumor is cancer or not -to determine the type of cancer -to determine the grade of cancer (slow or fast)
- 13. Medical Management The three main cancer treatments are: Other types of treatment that are used to treat certain cancers are hormonal therapy, biological therapy or stem cell transplant. 1. Surgery (lung resections) 2. Radiation therapy 3. Chemotherapy
- 14. Surgical treatmant Lobectomy: a single lobe of lung is removed Bilobectomy: 2 lobes of the lung are removed (only on R side) Sleeve resection: cancerous lobe is removed and segment of the main bronchus is resected Pneumonectomy : removal of entire lung Segmentectomy: a segment of the lung is removed Wedge resection: removal of a small, pie-shaped area ofthe segment Chest wall resection with removal of cancerous lungtissue: for cancers that have invaded the chest wall
- 15. Radiation treatment Useful in controlling the neoplasm that can not be surgically removed. Used to reduce the size of the tumor May help to remove the symptoms like cough, chest pain, dyspnea and hemoptysis etc.
- 16. Chemotherapy •Two drug regimen . • Cisplatin / Etoposide Is used to alter tumor growth and to treat the patient with Metastasis. • Non small cell: •Cis/Carbo platin + 1 other (Taxol/Taxotere/Gemcitabine) •Small cell:
- 17. Prevention: Primary Avoid the use of tobacco smoke Know environmental carcinogens that increase risk Chemoprevention: Consuming Vit. A, Vit E,, Vit C.
- 18. Prevention: Secondary Aim is to early diagnose high risk populations via screening Chest X-Ray, MRI, CT scans, sputum cytology
- 19. Prevention: Tertiary Targeted at people who survived a cancer disease Assists them to retain an optimal level of functioning regardless of their potential debilitating disease