I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget. Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com Chapter - 18, Pollution of Air and Water, Science, Class 8 AIR POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION AIR POLLUTANTS EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION HEALTH EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ACID RAIN GREENHOUSE EFFECT GLOBAL WARMING CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION CASE STUDY OF THE TAJ MAHAL ACTIONS TO PREVENT AIR POLLUTION WATER POLLUTION HOW WATER GETS POLLUTED? EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION ACTION POINTS TO PREVENT WATER POLLUTION EUTROPHICATION POTABLE WATER HOW IS WATER PURIFIED? ACTION KEYS TO PREVENT WATER POLLUTION Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics. By Shivam Parmar (Entrepreneur)

1. By Shivam Parmar
(Entrepreneur)
CHAPTER - 18
POLLUTIONOF AIR AND
WATER
Email for more PPTs at a very reasonable price.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com

2. AIR
• Air is a combination of different gases that form the atmosphere of
the Earth.
• The constituents of air are nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), water
vapour, carbon dioxide and other gases such as helium, ozone, argon
etc along with dust particles.
• Constituent of air may vary on other planets. However, some planets
do not have air. Space contains no air.

3. POLLUTION
Pollution is the introduction
of harmful or poisonous
substances into environment
that may cause adverse
effects.

4. 1. AIR POLLUTION
It is the contamination of air,
which takes place due to
unwanted substances which
causes harmful effects on both
biotic and abiotic components.

5. AIR POLLUTANTS
• Any unwanted or harmful
substancepresent in the air that
decreases its quality and
contaminatesit is called air
pollutants.
• For example, smoke is an air
pollutant. Air pollutants can be
classified into different categories
based on their sources.
Pollutants are following :-
• Carbon monoxide
• Nitrogen oxide
• Sulphur Dioxide
• Hydrocarbons

6. EFFECTS OF
AIR POLLUTION
• Many problems related to
respiratory system might be
caused due to air pollution.
• Oxygen carrying capacity of
blood reduces because of
improper burning of vehicle
fuels. As the vehicles emit
high levels of pollutants like
carbon monoxide, carbon
dioxide, nitrogen oxides and
smoke into atmosphere.

8. ACID RAIN
• Gases like Sulphur and nitrogen react with the
water vapour present in the environment to
form sulphuric acid and nitric acid.
• The acids drop down with rain water, making
the rain acidic. This is called acid rain. Acid rain
can be harmful for living beings and also for
non-living things.
• Acid rain corrodes the outer surface of
buildings. This has caused the Taj Mahal
becoming pale.

9. GREENHOUSE EFFECT
It is the trapping of radiations inside
the earth’s atmosphere. Along with
other gases, CO2 also gets trapped in
the atmosphere which is responsible
for Greenhouse Effect.

10. GLOBALWARMING
• Because of human activities
the amount of CO2 level has
increased in the atmosphere
which traps heat and does not
allow heat to escape into
space.
• As a result, the average
temperature of the
earth’s atmosphere is
gradually increasing. This is
called global warming.

11. CAUSES OF
AIR POLLUTION
• Air pollutionfrom Natural
Sources: Sometimes forest fires or
volcanic eruptions can lead to the
release of an excess of smoke and dust
in the atmosphere.
• Burning of fossil fuels: Coal and
petroleum used in industries and
vehicles when burnt release harmful
substances in the air such as carbon
monoxide, nitrogen oxides and sulphur
dioxide.
• Exhaust from factories: Many industries
release harmful substances like carbon
dioxide, hydrocarbons and other
harmful chemicals in the air which
decrease its quality.

13. CASE STUDY OF
THE TAJ MAHAL
• One great example of the
harmful effects of air
pollution can be viewed on
the Taj Mahal, the most
famous and beautiful
tourist attraction of India.
• The air pollution in that
region has led to
decolourization of the
white marbles of the Taj
Mahal.

14. ACTIONS TO PREVENT
AIR POLLUTION
• Trees take up carbon dioxide and
release oxygen. So, planting more
number of trees will reduce the
amount of carbon dioxide
responsible for Greenhouse Effect.
• Avoid unnecessary usage of vehicles.
• Try using public transport more.
• Natural resources like solar energy,
tidal energy, etc. should be used.

15. 2. WATERPOLLUTION
• The addition of undesirable
and unwanted material in
water which makes water
harmful for biotic and
abiotic components is
called water pollution.
• The things which pollute
the water are known as
water pollutants. Example
includes washing of
clothes, industrial waste
from factories etc.

16. HOW WATER
GETS POLLUTED?
A case study of Ganga River
• Ganga is one of the most
significant rivers of India.
• People living in these regions are
dependent upon Ganga water for
their livelihood as well as for their
day-to-day needs.
• But it has been found that Ganga
is one of the 10 endangered rivers
of the world according to the
(WWF) World Wide Fund for
Nature.

17. EFFECTS OF
WATER POLLUTION
• The harmful chemicals like arsenic,
lead, etc. discharged by various
industries have lead to many bad
effects like impure water, acidity
changes in water, etc.
• The usage of pesticides and weedicides
in the field gets mixed with water
bodies during rainfall. Indeed, this
water seeps into ground and has
polluted ground water too.
• Various diseases like cholera, diarrhea,
jaundice etc. results from water
pollution.

18. ACTIONPOINTS TO PREVENT
WATERPOLLUTION:
• Some plans can be implemented for polluted rivers
like Ganga Action Plan was launched in 1985 with the
aim of reducing pollution levels in river.
• Industries must treat the waste before discharging
them into waters.
• At household level, candle type filter can be used.
Moreover, water must be boiled for drinking as it kills
the germs inside the water.
• Chemical process like chlorination can be used for
treating water.
• Laws for industrial units should be strictly
implemented to stop the throwing of wastesin water.
• Proper sewage treatment plan must be implemented.

19. EUTROPHICATION
• Eutrophication is the presence of an
excess of nutrients in the water,
especially stagnant water.
• Eutrophication mainly occurs due to
the addition of chemicals in the water
bodies.
• As a result, a large number of algae and
other plants start growing in water.
• As they die, decomposers begin to rise
in the water. These decomposers take
up most of the oxygen of the water.
• Hence, the lack of oxygen leads to the
killing of aquatic animals in the water
body.

20. Potable Water
• Drinking water or the water that is fit for consumption and food
preparation is also called Potable water.
How is water purified?
• In order to prevent water pollution, water from households, industries
and other sources is treated in a sewage treatment plant and then it is
released in the water bodies.
• Also, water from the water bodies is treated before passing it on to the
households and other industries to ensure that it is fit for the usage.

22. ACTION
KEYS TO
PREVENT
WATER
POLLUTION
Industries should strictly adhere to the laws
and do not dispose untreated sewage water
into the rivers or any other water body
directly.
More water treatmentplants should be
established near the industrial areas.
We should save water as much as we can, for
example, we can make sure that there are no
leaking taps in the houses.

23. Thank You
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me
for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your
budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com