This document discusses different types of citrus fruits, including oranges, mandarins, grapefruits, lemons, and limes. It provides botanical names and details for different species. Sweet oranges include common oranges, navel oranges, and blood oranges. Mandarins include common, Mediterranean, and satsuma varieties. Grapefruit production is most concentrated in the US. Lemons and limes are most sensitive to cold and are produced in different climates worldwide. Sicily is known for its Femminello Santa Teresa, Femminello Continella, and Interdonato lemon varieties.

1. Fruit
Variety
Different kind of citrus fruits

2. Citrus Fruits
 The citrus fruits are beautiful and fragrant
plants , rich of vitamins and detoxing
properties.
 East Asian original but now spread to all
continents, they are essential for a healthy
diet.

3. Botanical name and species
 The best-know botanical name is Citrus.
 The citrus name derives from the Latin word
acer, meaning "sour", with a clear reference
to the flavor of this fruits.

4. Different species and botanical
names
 Citrus Sinensis (Sweet oranges)
 Citrus Aurantium (Bitter oranges)
 Citrus paradisi (Grapefruits)
 Citrus medica (Cedars)
 Citrus limonum (Lemons)
 Citrus nobils (Mandarins)

5. Sweet Oranges
Citrus Sinensis
 COMMON BLOND ORANGES
 Common oranges (round-shaped) ("Hamlin",
"Valencia", "Shamouti", “Pera") are the most
important group on commercial levels.
 They mainly grown in more humid climates and
are widely used for the transformation.
 The United States and Brazil are the major
producers of common oranges.

6. Sweet Oranges
Citrus Sinensis
 NAVEL ORANGES
 Navel oranges (eg. C.V. "Washington", "Lane Late", "Navelina")
are larger in size than the common oranges.
 They are mostly sold as fresh fruit, because they contain the
limonin, which give the bitter taste after processing.
 The navel oranges are particularly susceptible to environmental
stress. For example, high temperatures, between 35 and 40 ° C,
may cause the loss of small fruits during the phase of flower
production by the tree, especially in humid climates.
The moisture-related stress can also cause significant yield
reductions.

7. Sweet Oranges
Citrus Sinensis
 BLOOD ORANGES
 The production of pigmented oranges (blood) is limited
mainly to Mediterranean climes and country.
 Is mainly produced intended for the fresh market.
 The warm and the cool nights help the fruit to give at his
pulp a bright red color.

8. VARIETY OF ORANGES

9. Orange Calendar

10. Mandarins
Citrus nobilis – Citrus reticulata blanco
 Mandarins can be divided into "common mandarins"
(including "tangerines" and "Clementine"),
Mediterranean and satsumas.
 This category also includes natural hybrids, such as
crossings between mandarins and oranges (eg.
"Temple", "Murcott 'and" Ortanique ") and artificial
hybrids of tangerines and grapefruits and pomelos
(mapo).
 The mandarins are mainly produced for the fresh market
and into wedges, for the canning industry (mainly
satsumas). They are easier to peel and often contain
fewer seeds compared to oranges. The juice, dark in
color, may be mixed with other citrus juices to improve
the color.

11. Mandarins
Citrus nobilis – Citrus reticulata blanco
 COMMON MANDARINS
 The common Mandarin has a very adheres to the fruit
peel.
As a result, the mandarins are less subject to damage
from transport and better resistance to long-term
storage. The main producers of mandarins are China,
Spain and Japan.
 The common Mandarin, known as "Clementine", it is
particularly well adapted to the Mediterranean regions

12. Mandarins
Citrus nobilis – Citrus reticulata blanco
 MEDITERRANEAN MANDARINS
 The Mediterranean mandarin also known as tangerine
delicious. This type of mandarin is rarely cultivated,
because its fruits are small and tend to be damage due
to skin not adherent and bloated.

13. Mandarins
Citrus nobilis – Citrus reticulata blanco
 Satsuma
 The satsuma (eg C.V. Shunsui Marc.) have fruits that
are larger and easier to peel than most of the other types
of mandarins.
 Usually they are more oblate or obovate.
The satsuma mandarins are situated to the fresh
subtropical regions and to mature require less warm
temperature and heat than other mandarins.

14. Grapefruits
Citrus paradisi
 The grapefruit production is more limited compared to
the sweet oranges and tangerines.
Nearly half of the world production is concentrated in the
United States.
 For the best quality of grapefruits you need a lot of heat,
so the plants are particularly located to tropical climates
and in hot-humid subtropical climates.
 The fruits that grown in Mediterranean climates are more
acidic, they have a lower content of juice and a thicker
peel.

15. Lemons and lime
Citrus limonum
 Between all commercial species of citrus, lemons and limes are
the most sensitive to low temperature
Temperatures should not fall below zero.
 Limes are particularly produced in the tropical regions, while the
lemons are mainly produced in semi-arid and arid climates,
because they are not adapted to the humid regions, where the risk
of illness for the fruit is higher.
 The main producers of lemons and limes are Mexico, India and
Argentina.
 Lemons have the highest acid content, which is included between
5 and 8%
 Lemons have the lowest content of total soluble solids, which
varies from 7 to 9%.
They are grown for sale as fresh fruit and for the essential oils
contained in their peels

16. Lemons
Citrus limonum
Variety of lemons present in
sicily
• Femminello Santa Teresa
• Femminello Continella
• Interdonato

17. Lemons
Citrus limonum