Bilingualism and Multilingualism_Sajeed Mahaboob
•Transferir como PPTX, PDF•
13 gostaram•12,708 visualizações
Recomendados
Mais conteúdo relacionado
Mais procurados
Mais procurados (20)
Semelhante a Bilingualism and Multilingualism_Sajeed Mahaboob
Semelhante a Bilingualism and Multilingualism_Sajeed Mahaboob (20)
Mais de Sajeed Mahaboob
Mais de Sajeed Mahaboob (13)
Último
Último (20)
Bilingualism and Multilingualism_Sajeed Mahaboob
- 1. A Presentation by: Sajeed Mahaboob 2011ME1111 Instructors: Dr. Somdev Kar and Dr. K.K. Chaudhary 27-06-2014 1
- 2. Introduction Monolingual? Bilingual? Multilingual? What does it mean by being… 27-06-2014 2
- 3. Introduction 75% of the world’s population speaks two or more languages. Not all bilinguals speak two languages at the same level. In India, school children may routinely learn multiple languages based on where they reside in the country. By the age of 2.5 years, a bilingual child begins to make choices in language use, usually the majority language Parents who want their children to retain their heritage language must work at it.27-06-2014 3
- 4. Types of Multilingualism 27-06-2014 4 Additive: Learning of the second language does not interfere with first language. English speakers in QUEBEC often learn French to upgrade business skills. Subtractive: Learning of second language does interfere (replaces) with first language. Successive US immigrant generations eventually become monolingual English speakers.
- 5. Personal growth Tolerance & respect towards other cultures Job Mobility Abroad Study Broadens employment opportunities Increases vocabulary & effectiveness of speech Importance of being multilingual nowadays… 27-06-2014 5
- 6. Successive Sequential Receptive 27-06-2014 6 Ways of Acquisition
- 7. Successive Bilingualism Learning one language after already knowing another. Simultaneous Bilingualism: Learning two languages as “first language”. Receptive Bilingualism: Having the ability to understand a second language but not speaking it or not being able to speak it due to psychological barriers. 27-06-2014 7 Ways of Acquisition
- 8. 27-06-2014 8 • Most bilinguals are consecutive. • No two bilinguals are alike.
- 9. 27-06-2014 9 •Studies have shown that features of L1 can have a powerful influence on L2. • L1 “transfer” can be positive or negative.
- 10. 27-06-2014 10 Studies examining true simultaneous bilinguals are rare. Brain imaging studies show a spread in activation across left and right hemispheres.
- 11. Primary context/Natural Bilingualism Secondary context / school bilingualism Naturalistic fused setting Naturalistic separate setting Elective bilinguals Circumstantial bilinguals 27-06-2014 11 Context of Bilingual Language Acquisition
- 12. Balanced Bilinguals Dominant Bilinguals Passive or Recessive Bilinguals Semi-lingual or Limited Bilinguals 27-06-2014 12 Degrees of Bilingualism
- 13. Fully competent in both languages. - Almost impossible to achieve - Sociolinguistic forces demand that bilinguals organize their languages in functionally complementary spheres. No society needs two languages to perform the same set of functions. 27-06-2014 13 Balanced Bilinguals
- 14. Individuals who are dominant in other language. -Less dominant language = Subordinate -Dominance does not apply to all domains -One may be dominant in the subordinate language in some domains. 27-06-2014 14 Dominant Bilinguals
- 15. Individuals who are gradually losing competence in one language, usually because of disuse. - common among immigrant groups. - often loose productive skills while retaining receptive skills. 27-06-2014 15 Passive or Recessive Bilinguals
- 16. • Individuals who appear to have limited proficiency in both languages. Deficit in six language competencies. • correctness of language • unconscious processing of language (automation) • language creation • mastery of the functions of language (e.g., emotive, cognitive) • meanings and imagery • Size of vocabulary 27-06-2014 16 Semi-lingual or Limited Bilinguals
- 17. Bilingualism is beneficial for children’s development and their future. Bilingual children internalize negative states and externalize aggression less frequently. Future languages are easier to learn and the native language is enhanced. Increased executive functions and decision-making abilities. Bilinguals earn on average of $7000 more than their monolingual peers. Delays the onset of Alzheimer and dementia as well as other neurological issues. 27-06-2014 17 The benefits of being bilingual
- 18. Different words are used for Greetings, farewell, To express Appreciations, To get Someone’s attentions, Formalities and Apologies in major languages in the world. 27-06-2014 18
- 19. Now I will show you the data of Percentage of Bilingual speakers around the world. By: US Census bureau, 2007 American community survey 27-06-2014 19
- 20. There are probably both costs and benefits of learning two languages at once. L2 acquisition in adulthood and later childhood is difficult because it is not like L1 acquisition. There has been much debate as to how we translate words between languages. Translation probably does involve conceptual mediation. Bilingualism is a useful tool for studying other language processes. 27-06-2014 20 Remember !!
- 21. Speaking two languages may slow brain aging. (http://www.bilingualism-matters.org.uk/learning-language-slow-brain-aging/) UofE study on Bilingualism and Dementia takes the media by storm. (http://www.bilingualism-matters.org.uk/uofe-study-bilingualism-dementia-takes-media-storm-2/) Learning young, Antonella Sorace writes for the Scotsman. (http://www.bilingualism-matters.org.uk/learning-young-antonella-sorace-writes- scotsman/) Bilingualism and Special Needs (http://www.bilingualism-matters.org.uk/bilingualism-special/) 27-06-2014 21 Bilingualism in News
- 22. References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilingualism http://www.livingbilingual.com https://www.llas.ac.uk/resources/gpg/142 http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/docu ment/obo-9780199772810/obo-9780199772810- 0056.xml http://www.bilingualism-matters.org.uk/ http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/life- bilingual/201207/can-first-language-be-totally- forgotten 27-06-2014 22
- 23. 27-06-2014 23 So… Ladies and gentlemen Thanks for your Patience.
Notas do Editor
- So lets begin with the introduction part. So what does it mean by being monolinguals, bilinguals and multilinguals? A person who can speak only one language is monolingual while the person or society who can speak two languages will be considered as bilingual and so the peoples who can speak two or more than two languages are multilingual. However the Bilingualism and multilingualism can be categorized as same.
- Lets talk about some facts around the world. In major metros of Central, South and East India, many children may be fluent in four languages (the mother tongue, the state language, and the official languages of India, Hindi and English.) Thus a child of Gujarati parents living in Bangalore will end up speaking their mother tongue (Gujarati) at home and the state language (Kannada), Hindi and English in school and their surroundings.
- There are two types of multilingualism. First is Additive and second is Subtractive. QUEBEC is the only Canadian province that has a predominantly French-speaking population, and the only one to have French as its sole provincial official language. subtractive bilingualism: When learning a second language interferes with the learning of a first language. The second language replaces the first language. This is commonly found in children who emigrate to a foreign country when they are young, especially in cases of orphans who are deprived of their first language input. This can be contrasted to additive bilingualism.
- Take for example our Indian research company DRDO wants enough multilingual peoples. Why ? Because they can help in deal with people of other countries in various aspects like u can say business deals, project ideas etcetera in various languages without the need of translator and hence there will be saving of time and of course money. Which is most important aspects of any business.
- No I will talk about various ways of acquisitions of bilingualism.
- For example: 1.Those who become bilingual as adults or in early life. 2. Infants exposed to two languages from birth. 3. Children in Mexican immigrant households hear English on TV, in stores etc., but use their home language (Spanish) in everyday communication. When they enter preschool, these children are likely to make rapid progress in English because their receptive language skills in English has been developed.
- Simultaneous bilingualism L1 and L2 are learned at the same time.
- Consecutive bilinguals are those people who learned their second language (or further additional languages) after their first, usually through schooling and/or as the result of shifting to another country or language context. They are also sometimes referred to as sequential bilinguals.
- Simultaneous bilingualism is a form of bilingualism that takes place when a child becomes bilingual by learning two languages from birth.
- 1. situations in which a child acquires both languages in a naturalistic setting without any structured instruction. 2. situations in which a child acquires one of the languages in a structured setting, usually in school. 3. no separation of context for both languages; child is exposed to both languages in the same context. 4. one parent, one language model; but also applies to other interlocutors, i.e., siblings, peers, grandparents, etc. 5. individuals who have some element of choice about learning a second language. 6. individuals who have no choice about learning a second language; indigenous colonized or minority groups.
- Now lets talk about degrees of bilingualism and they are..
- Now lets in detail all the degrees of bilingualism. First of them is Balanced bilinguals, the people who fully competent in both the languages are said to be balanced bilinguals. It is almost impossible for speakers to get fully competent in both the language he speaks.
- A dominant bilinguals said to be a person being more proficient in one of the two languages he speaks. (this happens in most cases native-like). For example we Indians are more proficient in speaking our mother tongue Hindi than that of our second language English. So we are the dominant speakers of Hindi and knowing English as second language, we are dominant bilinguals. However Dominance does not apply to all domains. One may be dominant in the subordinate language in some domains.
- A person is said to be passive or recessive bilingual who is a native speaker in one language and is capable of understanding but not speaking another language. For example lets say I completely understand the Punjabi language but not able to speak it frequently, so I am the passive bilingual.
- Semilingualism is a phenomenon, which relates to underdevelopment of language in individual. Different linguists define semilingualism differently, but they all agree that the concept involves a partial knowledge of two or more languages.
- Research has shown that bilingualism is beneficial for children’s development and their future. Children exposed to different languages become more aware of different cultures, other people and other points of view. But they also tend to be better than monolinguals at ‘multitasking’ and focusing attention, they often are more precocious readers, and generally find it easier to learn other languages. Bilingualism gives children much more than two languages.
- Same like in hindi we use for greetings is KAISE/KAISI HO/HAIN For farewell we use MILTE HAIN/ JATA/JATI HU For appreciation we use DHANYAWAD For someone’s attention we use SUNIYE JARA For applogies we use Kshama kijiye/ maaf kijiye and for formalities we use KRIPAYA/ KRIPA KARKE.
- There are some things to remember….
- These are some headlines in the news around the world nowadays on Bilingualism. You can take a look over it.
- That would be all from my side. Here are the references which I used to make this presentation.