1. Therapeutic Nutrition
and
Small Animal Nutritional Diseases I

2.  Formulated for nutritional management
of diagnosed disease conditions in dogs
and cats
 NOT intended to cure disease
conditions

3.  Disease: any bodily abnormality or failure
to function properly, except that resulting
directly from physical injury
 Acute: having a sudden onset, sharp rise,
and short course
 Chronic: marked by long duration or
frequent recurrence

4.  Clinical: diagnosable by or based on
clinical observations.
 Sub-clinical: not detectable by the
usual clinical observations.

5.  Nutrients of concern and other food
characteristics that make them useful as
a nutritional aid to specific disease
management or prevention goals
 KNFs are either increased or decreased
in therapeutic nutritional formulas based
on research

6. Adjusted to help bring about desired
outcome:
 Improve or maintain nutritional
status
 Correct deficiency
 Gain or lose weight
 Rest an organ
 Avoid specific food ingredient
 Preventive for predisposition

7.  Prescription Diet®
(Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc.)
 Iams Veterinary Diets®
(The Iams Company)
 Purina Veterinary Diets™
(Nestlè Purina Petcare
Company)
 Royal Canin™ Veterinary Diets

8. 1. Disease
2. Goals
3. KNF
4. Products

9. Therapeutic Nutrition I
Obesity
Diabetes Mellitus
Periodontal Disease
Therapeutic Nutrition II
Acute Care/Recovery
Food Allergies
Canine Osteoarthritis
Therapeutic Nutrition III
GI Disease
Lower Urinary Tract Disease
Liver Disease
Therapeutic Nutrition IV
Renal Disease
Cancer/Neoplasia
Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome

10. Clinical Definition:
20% or more over ideal body weight
“Rocky” 7 years, M(N) DSH 20# BCS 5/5
(enjoys yoga )

11.  orthopedic disease,
 diabetes mellitus, abnormalities in circulating lipid profiles,
 cardiorespiratory disease,
 urinary and reproductive disorders,
 neoplasia (mammary tumors, transitional cell carcinoma),
 dermatological diseases
 anesthetic complications.
The main therapeutic options for obesity in companion animals
include dietary management and increasing physical
activity.

12. Domino
106 lbs
Mr. Bojangles, 18 lbs
Samantha, 13 lbs
Clemmie, 15 lbs
Missy 92 lbs
Gabby

13.  Reduce weight
(slowly in cats)
 Increase satiety
(feels full)
 Increase lean
body tissue
Jesse James 40lbs

14.  Increased fiber
 Decreased
energy
density/fat
 Added carnitine
Jesse James 40lbs

15. Primary
predisposing
factor is OBESITYOBESITY
Amadeus, 26 lbs

16. 
Type 1 Diabetes 
“Insulin-dependant”
lack of insulin production

Type 2 Diabetes
“Non Insulin-Dependant”
insulin resistance at the peripheral tissues
Insulin helps move
glucose from the blood
circulation into the cell
Pancreas

17. 1. Stabilize blood glucose
& reduce fluctuations
1. Reduce weight – slowlylowly in cats
2. Provide balanced formulation

18. High Fiber
Consistent profile
Low Carbohydrates
High fiber
Consistent profile
Low Carbohydrates
High protein in
certain cases

19. DM Dietetic Management™
OM Overweight Management™
DCO Diabetes/Colitis Management™
Weight Control D™ Optimum Weight Control Canine
Weight Control D™ OptimumWeight Control Feline
Prescription Diet® w/d
Prescription Diet® r/d
Prescription Diet® m/d
Diabetic HF 18™
Calorie Control CC™ High Fiber
Calorie Control CC ™ High Protein

22. Feline Canine
% DMB
Purina DM
canned
Hill’s
Prescription
Diet m/d
canned
Purina
DCO
Hill’s
Prescription
Diet w/d
canned
Protein 56.9 52.8 25.26 17.9
Fat 23.8 19.4 12.41 12.7
Fiber 3.65 6.0 7.63 12.4
Carnitine
mg/dl
n/a 524 ppm n/a 364 ppm

23. Image Source: Dr. Geneva Acor, DVM

25. ““any pathologic process that affects theany pathologic process that affects the
periodontium, i.e. structures thatperiodontium, i.e. structures that
surround and support the tooth gingivae,surround and support the tooth gingivae,
cementum, periodontal ligament,cementum, periodontal ligament,
alveolar bone”alveolar bone”

27. PlaquePlaque
 Clear, sticky deposit on tooth surface,Clear, sticky deposit on tooth surface,
composed of bacteria and salivarycomposed of bacteria and salivary
glycoproteins.glycoproteins.
GingivitisGingivitis
 Inflammation of the gingiva (gum
tissue)

28. Stain
 discoloration of the tooth or of toothdiscoloration of the tooth or of tooth
accumulated materialsaccumulated materials
Tartar (Calculus)Tartar (Calculus)
 mineralized plaque that forms a hard
shell on tooth surfaces

29. Tartar is visible to pet owners, but…
Bacterial plaque is the most
important substrate in the
development of periodontal
disease.
It is a major precursor!
*Nutrients, In: Hand, Thatcher, Remillard, Roudebush, ed. Small Animal Clinical Nutrition, 4th Ed. Mark Morris Institute, 2000;483.
www.technicianadvances.com

31. o Reduce precursors to plaque buildup
o Provide regular (daily) removal of plaque
o Dental Prophylaxis

32.  Daily tooth brushing is the most effective
method of home dental care
 Mechanical removal of plaque and
tartar via food

33. 3 Categories of Dental Care Products
Method Properties
Examples of
Products
Mechanical
fiber enhanced
foods/treats;
special texture
Prescription Diet t/d;
Purina DH Dental
Health; Greenies;
Nylabone
Antibacterial
use Chlorhexidine as
bacteriostatic or
bacteriocidal agent
CET Chews &
Toothpaste;
Nolvosan
Chelating
Use Hexametaphosphate
to bind calcium in saliva
to prevent tartar
Iam’s Daily Dental
Care

34. Therapeutic Nutrition II:
Acute Care/Recovery
Food Allergies
Canine Osteoarthritis