NORMA MILENA DIAZ POSADA

1. PARAGRAPHS

2. A PARAGRAPH is the structural unit of
a text because in this one there is
generated the secondary idea that
supports the principal idea.

3. To write a paragraph:
• You have to know with clarity your principal idea and your secondary ideas
• To know which and how many types of paragraph exist
• To plan your paragraphs before writing them

4. TYPES OF PARAGRAPH ACCORDING
TO ITS CONTENT
•EXPOSITORY
•DESCRIPTIVE
•NARRATIVE
•COMPARATIVE
•ARGUMENTATIVE
•CHRONOLOGICAL
•ENUMERATION
•CAUSE AND EFFECT
•PERSUASIVE

5. EXPOSITORY PARAGRAPH
• Expository paragraphs, therefore, are
responsible for providing information on
various events without including subjective
comments. Its purpose is the promotion of
events, not to convince the reader..
EXAMPLE
• “The dog is an animal with four legs mammal.
It is a domesticated canine that has the sense
of smell very developed.There are numerous
dog breeds, making copies of this species may
have quite different characteristics. "

6. DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH
• A descriptive text features in detail represent
some aspect of something or someone. You
can describe an object, a chair, a street in a
city. But also intangibles such as a person's
thinking or feeling.
EXAMPLE
• He had very lively round eyes and a long gray
mustache. His tail looked like a black elastic.
Some ducks swimming in the pond, like a flock
of yellow canaries, and their mother, all white
with red legs, was trying to teach them to bury
his head in the water.

7. NARRATIVE PARAGRAPH
• A narrative paragraph is one that has a
situation, which is generally a successive
enumeration of facts usually ordered
chronologically. This consists of a sequence of
statements that do not require demonstration
EXAMPLE
• Esteban and Jacinta, on the platform at the
foot of the bags, they saw him away from the
oaks, with a thrill of painful goodbye to
something that started and fired habíales
forever

8. ARGUMENTATIVE PARAGRAPH
• The argumentative paragraph aims to express
opinions or refute them in order to persuade a
recipient. The purpose of the author can prove
or demonstrate an idea (or thesis), refute the
opposite either persuade or dissuade the
receiver on certain behaviors, facts or ideas.
EXAMPLE
• In a statement on recent studies of global
warming, James Hansen, director of NASA's
Goddard Institute for Space Studies, NASA
said emissions of greenhouse gases are
causing the oceans to warm and thus are
changing the dynamics global climate energy

9. ENUMERATION PARAGRAPH
• Are those in which an enumeration, which may
well be a list of ideas or points of a number of
ideas, events, situations, the steps in the
various paragraphs of an instruction, and
generally anything is happening or action to be
enumerated for example where it must make a
hierarchical enumeration, etc.
EXAMPLE
AerialVehicles
a) Engine
- Airplane
- Airplane
b) Propeller:
- Helicopter
c) A reaction
- Rocket
- Space rocket

10. CHRONOLOGICAL PARAGRAPH
• Presents a sequence of actions, statements,
information are not always supported by a
theory or an intention. It is also called
TIMELINE, because it refers to past events and
can go from present to future or past it. It is
used in novels and stories Furthermore, it is
the most used in all types of writings.
EXAMPLE
• Silvestre Revueltas was born on December 31,
1899 in the state of Durango, Mexico. In 1906
he began studying violin.The following year he
had already formed a gang of kids paying
sweet young musicians. In 1908 he moved to
Colima and continued his studies there. He
showed so much talent that in 1913 he was
sent to study at the National Conservatory of
Music in Mexico City, where he remained until
1916.

11. ACCORDING TO UBIETY
OPENING PARAGRAPH
They are those with whom he
begins a text, may contain an
introductory idea several ideas or
even the main idea of a text, which
are being developed in consecutive
paragraphs as the exhibition and
aclarativos among others.
TRANSITION PARAGRAPH
The transition words or phrases are
like bridges between each of the parts
of writing. They help you connect a
sentence to another, one idea to
another, from one paragraph to
another. Finally transitions your
sentences and paragraphs together
slowly to avoid sudden jumps or
discontinuity between ideas.
CLOSING PARAGRAPH
These are the end (of a book or
chapter for example), they are
usually put in an overview of
the ideas of the text as a
conclusion.
Synthesis
Interrogative sentences
Anecdote
Quotes

12. COMPARATIVE PARAGRAPH
• Consists of the expression of similarities or differe
nces between two objects or phenomena
• They can be compared in this type of paragraphs
•
Objects
• People
• Events
• Situations etc.
• Examples
• The Spanish language is a romance language and alt
hough it is very similar to other languages such
as Italian, Portuguese, and French, there
are always fully appreciable changes, but this does
not detract that at any given time its similarity allows
to
understand between them, especially in the Italian P
ortuguese and the Spanish,
because they come to have the same words with simi
lar or identical pronunciation.

13. CAUSE AND EFFECT PARAGRAPH
• It presents a fact followed by the
reasons that has caused it or for
the consequence that arise
• This is a viral infection that spreads through th
e saliva of the infected animal to
another, their infection occurs mainly by bite a
nimals, initially of bats, or vampires who
are carriers and spread to animals such
as foxes, dogs and even cats or mice.

14. PARAGRAPH OF APPROACH AND RESOLUTION OF A PROBLEM
• structured in two parts:
• The first presents the problem, explicitly or veil
ed.
• In the second solution, in the same way that th
e problem is exposed
• It is evident that the number average
measuring blood cholesterol has increased in
the Mediterranean countries, which gives us id
ea that are disappearing about healthy
eating habits, which are replaced by ones in wh
ich the animal fats have preponderant role.

15. DEDUCTIVE PARAGRAPH
• Main idea at the beginning. For its constructio
n is based on a generalization to then arise in
specific cases
• "Currently the whaling industry is about to disa
ppear.The large herds of whales that formerly
roamed the oceans, have been exterminated
it is now, it is necessary to use space age
technology to discover its vestiges
• A excessive hunting has made a shortage
of Greenland whale, the yubarta or humpback
whales and the grey.The blue whale is also on
the verge of extinction".

16. INDUCTIVE PARAGRAPH
• Main idea in the end. It starts with prayers
that express secondary ideas to reach a
generalization, or idea themed as a conclusion
to what has been claimed.
• Start with the facts, then describe them and la
ter formulate hypotheses and build
theories to explain them; then deduct them ve
rifiable particular conclusions;
eventually resort to new observations or recalc
ulations and contrast their conclusions
with these results and finally, if it
is required, correct their conjectures without m
ercy:
here is the severe character corrective auto of
scientific research.

17. CONCLUSION PARAGRAPH
• Used to close a theme or a section. It
is easy to detect it because it starts with
expressions such as the
following in conclusion, in short, of all of the a
bove we can conclude
that therefore and other similar
• We are an intermediate point in the evolution
of the Internet. Permanent connectivity
for many is now a reality, and the reduction of
costs in the services, as well as considering
Internet as a human right, approaching the ide
a ofWEB 3.0 a reality.

18. PERSUASIVE PARAGRAPH
• This type of paragraph tries to get the reader to accept a
particular point of view or understand the writer's
position.This is the type of paragraph that many
teachers focus on because it's useful when building an
argument. It often requires the collection of facts and
research.
• Methods of Persuasion
• Facts- A statement of what is.
• Referring to authority- An expert who can be relied on to
give unbiased facts and information.
• Examples- An example should clearly relate to the
argument and should be typical enough to support it.
• Predicting the consequence- Helps the reader visualize
what will occur if something does or does not happen.
• Answering the opposition- Answering possible critics
shows you are aware of the opposing opinion and are
able to respond to it.