3. The Earth
The Earth is the third planet from the
sun. It is the only planet, known to
have an atmosphere that contains
oxygen. In the past, people believed that
the Earth was flat. In 1519, Ferdinand
Magellan, a sailor from Portugal set out
in the westward direction. After sailing
for three years, some members of the
ship's crew reached the same port from
where they had begun their voyage.
This made other people realise that the
Earth was round and not flat. Pictures
taken from satellite from space proved
that it is spherical in shape and slightly
flattened at the North pole and South
Pole.
Ferdinand Magellan
4. Formation of the continents and
Oceans:
When viewed from space, the Earth
looks blue. It is because most of the
Earth's surface is covered with water.
Water occupies about three -fourths of
the Earth's surface, whereas land
occupies only one - fourth.
Thus, the Earth is also called the Blue
planet.
The Earth is also
called the Blue planet.
5. A Globe
Study a globe carefully. You will
notice that beside large blue areas,
there are some portions that are
either in green ,yellow or brown.
These are land masses. Big land
masses on the Earth's surface are
called continents and the large
continuous masses of saltwater are
called oceans.
Seas , gulfs and bays are the smaller
parts of these oceans.
6.
7. Continents
There are seven continents in the world. These are - Asia , Africa ,
North America, South America , Atlantica, Europe and Australia.
Asia
Asia is the largest continent in the world. It occupies one- third
of the world's total land area. There are oceans on three sides of
this continent. To the North lies the Arctic Ocean, to the east lies
the Pacific ocean and to the South is the Indian Ocean. This is the
continent where India and China, the two most populous countries
in the world, are located. Asia is the home to the highest mountain
peak on the Earth -Mt Everest and the lowest land region the
Dead Sea.
Indian
Ocean
Pacific
Ocean
Arctic Oceans
8. Africa
Africa is the second largest continent
in the world. To it's north lies the
Mediterranean Sea, to the East lies
Indian Ocean and to the west, the
Atlantic Ocean. Africa has diversity in
landforms. The Nile River flows
through this continent. It is the home
to the Sahara Desert - the largest
desert in the world. Mt. Kilimanjaro is
the higest mountain in Africa.
Atlantic
Ocean
Indian
Ocean
Mediterranean Sea
E
W
N
9. North America
North America is the third largest
continent in the world. Christopher
Columbus accidentally discovered
this continent while trying to reach
India. This continent is bordered by
the Arctic Ocean in the North, the
Antarctic ocean in the East and the
Pacific Ocean in the west. It has high
mountains such as the Rockies and
large lakes such as the Great Lakes,
a group of five freshwater lakes.The
continent is home to many advanced
countries of the world,such as the
United States of America and
Canada.
Christopher Columbus
10. South America
South America is the fourth
largest continent in the world.
Both the Americas are joined by
the Isthmus of Panama. A range
of mountains, called the Andes,
lies in the western part of South
America. The Amazon River is
the second longest river in the
world, flows through this
continent. The famous Amazon
rainforests are located here
11. Antarctica
Antarctica is the coolest and
the fifth largest continent in
the world. It is also called a
white continent as it is always
covered by a tick carpet of ice
and snow. Due to its extreme
cold climate it is the world's
only continent which has no
permanent human habitation.
12. Europe
Europe is the sixth largest continent
in terms of size. Europe and Asia
are together called Eurasia, and form
the longest stretch of land on Earth.
Europe is bordered by the
Mediterranean Sea in the south, Asia
in the East and the Altantic Ocean
in the west. It comprises many
advanced countries such as the
United Kingdom, Norway and
France. The Volga and the Danube
are the two important rivers of
Europe.
13. Australia
Australia is the smallest
continent in the world. It is the
only continent which is also a
country. It is an island and is
surrounded by water on all sides.
Australia is famous for its Great
Australian Desert and the Great
Barrier Reef
14. OCEANS
Oceans there are five major oceans- the Pacific ocean, the Atlantic ocean
the Indian Ocean The Arctic Ocean and the southern ocean.
A rich variety of plants and animals are found in these oceans. Together they are
called marine life.
15. Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and
deepest ocean in the world. It covers
about 30% of the Earth's surface. It
separates the two Americas from
Asia and Australia . Marina Trench
the deepest trench in the world lies
within the Pacific Ocean. Some of
the world's most active and dormant
volcanoes are found in the Pacific
Ocean basin.
16. Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean is the
world's second largest
ocean.
It separate Europe and
Africa from North America
and South America.
There is an underwater
mountain range on its
ocean floor, known as the
Mid Atlantic Ridge.
17. INDIAN OCEAN
The Indian Ocean is the third largest ocean in the world.
It lies to the south of Asia, and is named after India, which lies at
its head .It separate East Africa from Australia .
It is warmer than Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean.
18. SOUTHERN OCEAN
The Southern Ocean is the fourth largest ocean in the world.
It is located around the South Pole near Antarctica.
The southern portions of the Pacific Ocean ,the Atlantic ocean
and Indian ocean combined to form the Southern ocean.
Southern Ocean, also called Antarctic Ocean.
19. ARCTIC OCEAN
The Arctic Ocean is the smallest ocean in the world.
It is located around The Arctic circle.
It is frozen during the winter season.
During summer , the ice melts to form large icebergs and
floating Islands.
20. Let's Sum Up
•The journey of Fredinand Magellan proved that the Earth is round.
•Big land masses on the earth surface are called continents.
•The large continuous masses of salt water are called oceans.
•The seven continents on the Earth's surface are Asia, Africa,North
America, South America, Antarctica, Europe and Australia.
•The five oceans on the earth surface are the the Pacific Ocean,the
Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Southern ocean and the Arctic
Ocean.
