PDF/A-3 for preservation. Notes on embedded files and JPEG2000

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Johan van der Knijff, the National Library of the Netherlands, presented his views on ‘PDF/A-3 for preservation’ based on notes on embedded files and JPEG2000. The presentation was given at DPC briefing (http://bit.ly/1b487mD) which introduced and reviewed recent developments with the PDF / A standard, with particular emphasis on PDF/A version 3 published in October 2012. The meeting took place in Leeds on 13 March 2013.

Tecnologia Arte e fotografia

SCAPE
Johan van der Knijff
Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the Netherlands
DPC, PDF/A-3 Briefing, Leeds, 13.3.2013
PDF/A-3 for preservation
Notes on embedded files and JPEG 2000

Part 1: Embedded files
PDF/A-3: embedding of any file (type)

Key point:
Use of “embedded files” really means
“embedded file streams” = specific data
structure in PDF!

File specification dictionary
31 0 obj
<</Type /Filespec /F (mysvg.svg) /EF <</F 32 0 R>> >>
endobj

File specification dictionary
31 0 obj
<</Type /Filespec /F (mysvg.svg) /EF <</F 32 0 R>> >>
endobj
EF key
points to embedded file
stream

Embedded file stream
32 0 obj
<</Type /EmbeddedFile /Subtype /image#2Fsvg+xml /Length 72>>
stream
…SVG Data…
endstream
endobj

File attachments not meant to be rendered by
viewer

File attachment annotation
EmbeddedFiles entry in name dictionary
PDF/A-3

Rendition actions
Screen annotations
PDF/A-3

Not based on “embedded file stream”, but on
“Image XObject” data structure (allows
limited set of pre-defined formats)
What about inline images?

No impact on content that is meant to be
rendered by PDF viewer
But PDF/A-3’s may contain file of any possible
format as an attachment
Embedded files wrap-up:

Part 2: JPEG 2000
Supported since PDF/A-2

Image XObject
1614 0 obj
<</Subtype/Image/Width 615/Height 978/ColorSpace/DeviceRGB
/BitsPerComponent 8/Interpolate true/Length 5278
/Filter/JPXDecode>>
stream
… Image data …
::
::
endstream
endobj

ISO 19005-2 (PDF/A-2):
JPEG 2000 support based on subset of JPEG
2000 Part 2 (JPX baseline)
Only Part 1 of the standard (JP2) commonly
used for archival applications!

JP2 vs JPX
JP2
JPX
JPEG 2000 Part 1:
Basic still image format
JPEG 2000 Part 2:
= JP2 + assorted
advanced stuff …

Fragmented codestreams
Allowed in JPX Baseline!

OS PDF viewers – JPEG 2000 libraries
Ghostscript: OpenJPEG or JasPer
Evince: OpenJPEG
Mupdf: OpenJPEG
Firefox PDF viewer: built-in decoder
 None of these libraries support fragmented
codestreams!

Is it really a problem?
Fragmented codestreams extremely rare
But why is this feature even allowed in a long-
term archival format?
OS support of JPEG 2000 in general remains
problematic

#SCAPEProject
http://www.scape-project.eu
This work was partially supported by the SCAPE Project.
The SCAPE project is co-funded by the European Union under
FP7 ICT-2009.4.1 (Grant Agreement number 270137).
Funding

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