The document discusses the anatomy and imaging of the paranasal sinuses. It describes the external nose, nasal cavity, and its walls. It then details the four main paranasal sinuses - frontal, ethmoid, maxillary, and sphenoid sinuses - including their locations, borders, and drainage pathways. Common indications for paranasal sinus imaging are listed. The examination section outlines radiological techniques used like CT and MRI. Coronal, axial, and sagittal CT images of the different sinus levels are shown, along with MRI and images of sinus conditions.

1. CLINICAL AND CROSS SECTIONAL
ANATOMY OF PNS

2. Nose
 External nose
 Nasal cavity
 Both are divided by nasal septum into right
and left halves.
ANATOMY

3. It has,
 Naris
 Alar nasi
It is made up of,
 Nasal bone
 Frontal process of
maxilla
 Nasal part of
frontal bone
EXTERNAL NOSE

4. The nasal cavity has,
 Floor
 Roof
 Medial wall
 Lateral wall
NASAL CAVITY

5.  The lateral wall consist of,
 Concha
 Meatus
 Concha has,
 Superior concha
 Middle concha
 Inferior concha
 Meatus has,
 Inferior meatus
 Middle meatus
 Superior meatus
 Sphenoethmoidal recess
CONT…

6. Sinus are air space in our skull & facial bone
They are four types
1. Frontal
2. Ethmoid
3. Sphenoid
4. Maxillary
INTRODUCTION

7.  Shape:- Pyramidal shape
 Location:- between inner and outer table frontal
bone
 Border:-
 Anterior:- outer table
 Posterior:- inner table
 Floor:- thin bone separating
from the orbit
 Medial:- bony septum
FRONTAL SINUS

8. It consists of three group
1. Anterior group:-
2. Middle group:-
3. Posterior group
Border:-
 Roof:- anterior cranial fossa lateral to cribriform plate
 Posterior:- sphenoid sinus
 Inferior:- maxillary sinus
 Medial:- superior and middle turbinate
 Lateral:- lamina papracea
ETHMOID SINUSES

9.  Largest sinus
 Pyramidal shape
 Border:-
 Roof:- floor of orbit
 Floor:- alveolar process
of maxilla & palate
 Medial:- between sinus
& nasal cavity
 Anterior:- soft tissue of cheek
 Posterior:- pterygopalatine & infra temporal fossae
MAXILLARY SINUS

10.  Two sphenoid sinuses
 Separated by a septum
 Border:-
 Lateral:- ICA & cavernous sinus
 Superior:- pituitary gland
& optic chiasma
 Inferior:- nasopharynx
 Posterior:- brain stem
SPHENOID SINUS

11.  The anatomy of drainage revolves around the
ostiomeatal unit.
 Middle turbinate
 Ethmoid bulla
 Hiatus semilunaris
 Maxillary infundibulum
 Uncinate process
DRAINAGES OF SINUSES

12. CONT…
Frontal Middle meatus via
infundibulum
Maxillary Middle meatus through
hiatus semilunaris
Sphenoid Sphenoethmoidal
recess
Ethmoid
 Anterior
group
Infundibulum & middle
meatus
 Middle
group
Middle meatus on or
above bullae ethmoidals
 Posterior
group
Superior meatus

13.  Trauma to face
 Inflammatory Sino nasal disease
 Granulomatous disease
 Preoperative staging of tumors
 Postoperative follow up
 Neoplastic Sino nasal disease
INDICATION

14.  X-ray
 Occipito-mental
 occipito-frontal 15° caudal
 Lateral
 CT-scan
 Coronal scan
 Axial
 Sagittal
 MRI is generally used for evaluating of any
complication of local sinus infection particularly
suspected intracranial extension
EXAMINATION

15. Frontal sinus
Frontal bone
AT THE LEVEL OF
FRONTAL SINUS

16. Nasal septum
Lamina papyracea
Ethmoid sinuses
Sphenoid sinus
sella turcica
Greater sphenoid
wing
Dorsum sella
AT THE LEVEL OF
ETHMOID SINUS

17. Nasal septum
Sphenoid sinus
Sphenoid sinus ostium
Middle turbinate
Zygoma
Lacrimal sac
Nasal bone
Maxillary sinus
AT THE LEVEL OF
SPHENOID SINUS

18. Maxillary sinus
Nasolacrimal duct
Sphenoid sinus
Vomer
Inferior turbinate
Zygomatic arch
AT THE LEVEL OF
MAXILLARY SINUS

19. CORONAL IMAGES

20. SAGITTAL IMAGES

21. MRI IMAGE

22. SINUSITIS

23. POLYP

24. DNS