6. Wait for
Answer till
the end of
session
The trunk of this
tree, which would
normally be single,
is forked because of
________.
7. ● In rice plants, a disease called ‘bakanae’ disease or
foolish seedling caused by the fungus Gibberella
fujikuroi resulted in plants that grew overly tall
and spindly.
● Gibberellic acid made by the fungus caused rice
plants to overgrow.
● Later it was found that plants also make
gibberellic acid, and that applying it to plants
caused growth.
● There are more than 100 gibberellins (GA1, GA2,
GA3 etc.) in fungi and higher plants.
GIBBERELLINS
8. ● Gibberellins have a variety of effects, such as stem elongation, fruit growth,
and seed germination
GIBBERELLINS FUNCTIONS
9. ● Gibberellins stimulate growth of leaves and
stems
● In stems, they stimulate cell elongation and
cell division
● They cause increase in length of axis.
Stem Elongation
● So they are used to increase the length of
grapes stalks.
● Sugarcane stores sugar in stems.
● Spraying sugarcane crop with gibberellins
increases the length of the stem.
10. ● In many plants, both auxin and
gibberellins must be present for fruit
to develop
● Gibberellins are used in spraying of
Thompson seedless grapes
● To elongate and improve the shape
of fruits such as apple.
● They delay senescence. So the fruits
can be left on the tree to extend the
market period.
Fruit Growth
11. ● GA3 is used to speed up malting process
in brewing industry.
● Spraying juvenile conifers with GAs
hastens the maturity period. It leads to
early seed production.
● For bolting (internode elongation just
prior to flowering) in beet, cabbages and
many plants with rosette habit.
BOLTING
Rosette form (left) and gibberellin-induced
bolting (right)
12. ● Cytokinins are so named because they stimulate cytokinesis (cell division)
● Cytokinins were discovered as kinetin by F. Skoog and co-workers, it does not occur
naturally in plants.
CYTOKININS
13. ● Zeatin (from corn-kernels & coconut
milk) is the natural substances with
cytokinin-like activities.
● There are some synthetic compounds
with cell division promoting activity.
● Natural cytokinins are synthesized in
regions of rapid cell division (root
apices, shoot buds, young fruits etc).
14. • Cytokinins are produced in actively growing
tissues such as roots, embryos, and fruits
• Cytokinins work together with auxin to control
cell division and differentiation
CONTROL OF CELL DIVISION AND DIFFERENTIATION
15. • Cytokinins, auxin, interact in the control of apical
dominance, a terminal bud’s ability to suppress
development of axillary buds
• If the terminal bud is removed, plants become
bushier
Control of Apical Dominance
16. ● Plants produce ethylene
in response to stresses
such as drought, flooding,
mechanical pressure,
injury, and infection
● The effects of ethylene
include response to
mechanical stress,
senescence, leaf
abscission, and fruit
ripening
ETHYLENE
17. ● It influences horizontal growth of seedlings,
swelling of axis and apical hook formation in
dicot seedlings.
● It promotes senescence and abscission of plant
organs especially of leaves and flowers.
● It promotes fruit ripening. It enhances
respiration rate during fruit ripening. This is
called respiratory climactic.
● It breaks seed and bud dormancy, initiates
germination in peanut seeds, sprouting of
potato tubers.
ETHYLENE FUNCTION
18. ● Help plants respond to
environmental stresses such
as flooding, drought, high
salinity, cold, heat, and attack
by microorganisms and
herbivores
● Stimulates formation of
protective scales around buds
of perennial plants in
preparation for winter
ABSCISIC ACID (ABA)
19. ● It acts as an inhibitor of plant
growth & metabolism.
● It inhibits seed germination.
● It stimulates closure of stomata in
the epidermis.
● It has an important role in seed
development, maturation and
dormancy.
● Seed dormancy by ABA helps to
withstand desiccation and other
factors unfavourable for growth.
ABSCISIC ACID (ABA)
Guard cells (Swollen) Guard cells (Shrunken)
Stoma Opening Stoma Closing
20. ● After water is imbibed, release of gibberellins from the embryo signals seeds to germinate
GERMINATION
22. NEET
GRADE 12
1 YEAR
SUBJECTS
LANGUAGE WITHIN
VARIANT
CHAPTERWISE /MICRO
COURSES
CRASH /REVISION
JAN-FEB
PHY /CHEM /BIO ENGLISH /HINDI UNLIMITED
YES
COMPLEMENTARY - CBSE + NEET + KVPY CRASH COURSE
GRADE 11
1 YEAR
PHY /CHEM /BIO ENGLISH /HINDI UNLIMITED YES
2 YEARS COURSE DETAILS
23. SESSIONS PER WEEK DURATION OF EACH SESSION
10
8
2 hrs
2 hrs
GRADE 11
1 YEAR
GRADE 12
1 YEAR
VANI MA’AMS CLASSES
SESSIONS DETAILS
24. NUMBER OF BOOKS
14
13
ENGLISH
MEDIUM OF BOOKS MODE- PHYSICAL / E - BOOKS
ENGLISH
PHYSICAL BOOK &
CHAPTER WISE
VIDEOS-QR CODE
PHYSICAL BOOK &
CHAPTER WISE
VIDEOS-QR CODE
MORE THAN 10K Q&A WITH
SOLUTION VIDEOS-VIA QR CODE
GRADE 11
1 YEAR
GRADE 12
1 YEAR
TATVA BOOKS DETAILS
25. GRADE - 11 GRADE - 12
NO. OF TESTS
PARTWISE
FULL SYLLABUS
10 10
20 20
10 10
ASSIGNMENT AFTER EACH SESSION - OBJECTIVE
FREQUENCY OF TEST
E.G
#WEEKLY
1 TEST EVERY 15 DAYS 1 TEST EVERY 15 DAYS
PRACTICE TESTS
26. BATCH DETAILS
GRADE 11
1 YEAR
GRADE 12
1 YEAR
SECTION SIZE- CT (LOWEST TOUCH POINT)
150
150
PERSONALISED ATTENTION OF CT
27. IN - CLASS DOUBT
POST CLASS - VIA CHAT
DOUBT TIME NO. OF DOUBTS
8:00 AM - 11:00 PM 50 PER DAY
30. NEET - SUBSCRIPTION PRICES
TOTAL PRICE - 1350/month
8 hrs x 2 hrs = 16 hrs/week
4 weeks 16 hrs x 4 = 64 + 12 = 76 hrs
1350/rs
76 hrs
3 hrs x 2 = 6 hrs x 2 = 12 hrs
1 test in every 15 day
2 Test/month
31. NEET - SUBSCRIPTION PRICES
Doubt 15 hrs x 30 = 450 hrs
8:00 am to 11:00 am
450 hrs + 76 = 526 1350/rs
526
= 2.56Rs/hrs
32. A Jeffrey pine tree. The trunk of this
tree, which would normally be single,
is forked because of the earlier
removal of the terminal bud,
allowing a lateral bud to grow.
33. Answer in the comment section
Q. ___________ is a gaseous plant hormone
A
B
IBA
Ethylene
D
C
NAA
Abscisic acid
