A Case Study On Rural Settlement With Aspects Of Socio Economic Movement Amp GIS In Bhagwanpur -I CD Block

Studies in Indian Place Names
(UGC Care Journal)
ISSN: 2394-3114
Vol-40-Issue-50-March -2020
P a g e | 1650 Copyright ⓒ 2020Authors
A Case Study on Rural Settlement with Aspects of Socio
Economic Movement & GIS in Bhagwanpur – I CD Block
Souvik Mondal*1,
Taniya Roy2
*1
PG Student, Department of Geography (UG & PG), Bajkul Milani Mahavidyalaya (V.U.), West Bengal,
India
2
Whole- time Contractual Teacher, Department of Geography (UG & PG), Bajkul Milani Mahavidyalaya
(V.U.), West Bengal, India
souvikm654@gmail.com*1
, taniya.roy0801@gmail.com2
Abstract:
Settlement is an art made by man. Human have created settlement in own needs, and it's been
evolving for a long time. In here my study area belong to the rural population. We know the rural
settlement depends on agriculture and small cottage industry. In some countries, a rural settlement is
any settlement in the areas defined as rural by a governmental office, e.g., by the national census
bureau. This may include even rural towns. Then I select a rural area and try to understand GIS
glimpse of socio economic activity. So, I selected my work aim "to know by GIS analysis, how to
the socio-economic activity is build rural settlement and does evolution". Basically this study flow in
applied survey method, And this study based on GIS data. As well as I comply the three stage of
survey Pre Field, During Field and Post Field. this study mainly based on trend of rural land use
pattern, so we select three year GIS data (1991, 2001 and 2011) and observe What type of growing
movement of rural settlement are as well as Which type rural settlements are located. This data is
based on the census year. We got that settlement area is increase the area under agricultural land
decreases due to construction of settlement on agricultural land. The above all, the region is very
bright in terms of its socio-economic future potential.
Key Word: Settlement; GIS; Socio-economic; Agricultural; construction.
1. Introduction:
The term Settlement refers to the "Characteristic groupings of population occupancy units
together with the facilities in the form of house and street serve the inhabitants" it analysis the
facilities developed in the process of occupancy of the land and grouping. A human settlement is
defined by geographers as a place inhabited more or less permanently by men and women. To the
common man a settlement or a place of dwelling is identified on a village or a town or a city.
This study area is a part of CD Block in purba medinipur. This CD Block is a most sensitive
place for the settlement structure. This study covers the entire settlement change type‟s situation
in the span of 1991 to 2011. The functional structure of settlement closely related to social
economic physical and political structure of the society. There aspects vitally, influence the
shape, form and location of settlement. Each community has its distinctive religions, countries
and educational institutions and these have a bearing on the development of the settlement. This
studies important fact of GIS data, in here use of GIS data for the denote relation in between rural

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ISSN: 2394-3114
settlement and socio economic activity. Where cultivation land was enough, due to shaped
population growth and other suited caused, new day it becomes in interest view of observation.
2. Location of study area:
Bhagwanpur-I CD block which is a part of Purba Medinipur District, West Bengal. Here here
absolute location is 22.094°N 87.759°E. The related distance between bhagwanpur-I to Digha 78
kilometer, Haldia 46 kilometer and Kolkata 130 kilometer. It has 1 panchayat samity, 10 gram
panchayats, 167 gram sansads (village councils), 167 mouzas and 164 inhabited villages. The
total area in Bhagwanpur-I is 18253.8 Hectare.
Fig. 1: Location of Study Area
3. Aim and Objectives:
In here the aim of my study is "to know by GIS analysis, how to the socio economic activity is
build rural settlement and does evolution". And For this study we select some objectives, that is-
1) What is the basic trend of rural land use pattern.
2) The short GIS glimpse of socio economic activity in rural area.
3) What type of growing movement of rural settlement are.
4) Which type rural settlements are located.
4. Methodology:
For this study area, a systematic approach has been followed. The analysis of settlement change
relation with dynamic land use has been used with the help of satellite image and intensive field
survey. For this study we visit study area, extensive literature review and experiment documentary
analysis. At last we announcing, this study flow in applied survey method. And this study based on
GIS data.

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ISSN: 2394-3114
5. Rural Settlement:
There are two factors, physical and cultural, responsible for various settlement types in rural
areas. In physical factors relief, fertility of soil, amount of rainfall, dry land and defense are included,
while in cultural factors land use, land tenure, cropping pattern, clan and caste system, social
relationships and means of transportation are included.
In the rural community, some besides features must be essential. such as: Size of the
Community, Density of Population, Agriculture is the Main Occupation, Close Contact with
Nature, Homogeneity of Population, Social Stratification, Social Interaction, Social Mobility, Social
Solidarity, Joint Family, etc.
I. Size of the Community: The village communities are smaller, as per the urban communities. The
village communities are small, the population is also low. As the Bhagwanpur-I CD Block, total
population in 2011(last census) is 234432.
II. Density of Population: The density of rural population is low, the people have intimate
relationships and face-to-face contacts with each other. But some rural area as shown high density of
population. Such as Bhagwanpur-I CD Block, of its total population in 2011 is 234432 and total area
is 182.538 square kilometers so the population density is 1284.29 per square kilometer. The average
population density of Bhagwanpur-I is considerably higher from the India. Which are 902.29 per
square kilometers.
III. Agriculture is the Main Occupation: Agriculture is the fundamental occupa-tion of the rural
people and forms the basis of rural economy. A farmer has to perform various agricultural activities
for which he needs the cooperation of other members. Usually, these members are from his family.
Thus, the mem-bers of the entire family share agricultural activities. Census In 2011, Bhagabanpur-I
CD Block produced 9,783 tonnes of Aman paddy, the main winter crop, from 10,275 hectares,
33,686 tonnes of Boro paddy, the spring crop, from 11,946 hectares, 332 tonnes of Aus paddy, the
summer crop, from 476 hectares, 14 tonnes of jute from 1 hectares and 1,221 tonnes of potatoes from
85 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds. So it can be said this study area are important role
for agriculture activity.
IV. Close Contact with Nature: The rural people are in close contact with nature as most of their
daily activities revolve around the natural environment. This is the reason why reality is more
influenced by nature than an Urbanite. The villagers depend on Nature for their food, clothing and
shelter.
V. Homogeneity of Population: The village communities are homogenous in nature. Most of their
inhabitants are connected with agriculture and its allied occupations, though there are people
belonging to different castes, religions and classes.
VI. Social Stratification: In rural society, social stratification is a traditional characteristic, based on
caste. The rural society is divided into various strata on the basis of caste.
VII. Social Interaction: The frequency of social interaction in rural areas is com-paratively lower
than in urban areas. However, the interaction level possesses more stability and continuity. The
relationships and interactions in the prima-ry groups are intimate. The family fulfills the needs of the
members and exer-cises control over them. Same condition is showing now Bhagwanpur-I CD
Block.
VIII. Social Mobility: In rural areas, mobility is rigid as all the occupations are based on caste.
Shifting from one occupation to another is difficult as caste is determined by birth. Thus, caste
hierarchy determines the social status of the rural people. It properly visible on Bhagwanpur-I CD
Block.
IX. Social Solidarity: The degree of social solidarity is greater in villages as com-pared to urban
areas. Common experience, purposes, customs and traditions form the basis of unity in the villages.
It my study area was not denied.

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X. Joint Family: Another characteristic feature of the rural society is the joint family system. The
family controls the behavior of the individuals. Generally, the father is the head of the family and is
also responsible for maintaining the discipline among members. He manages the affairs of the
family. We surveyed here 40 household survey, and found out that 80 percent to 85 percent family
are jointly living.
5.1. Changing Historical Back Ground and Impact on Settlement:
Historical background is important factor of rural settlement develop and evolution. A myth says
it was 'sadar' of an old king, whose 'rajprasad' was at 'Kajlagarh' (which is a tourist place because of
this 'rajprasad', 12 km away from Bhagabanpur.
This region Purba Medinipur district is part of the lower Indo-Gangetic Plain and Eastern coastal
plains. To past situation, bay of bangal stay had near of this region. So this region is consider by
plane land. A plane community, plane settlement, is any community is the typically constructed on
previously undeveloped land. This region's settlement up are growing very fastly and evolution is
continuously. This region is a part of alluvium and it is a compact flat land. As a result agricultural
activity are growing up constantly, and settlement pattern are change constantly to during to time.
Also Bhagwanpur led all major freedom movements at the time of independence. Many people
joined the 1942 Quit India movement. Many people struggled in the freedom movement and many of
them were killed by the British forces. From this, it can be said Bhagwanpur-I CD Block are also
robeats important role of human activity.
This CD Block main flood year, in the between of 1991 to 2011 census years is 2005, 2007, 2008.
But whole area are not flooding. Has been most of flood, is northern side. Which direct impacts of
settlement growth and pattern. And climatic hazard is Aila, also impacts very small in 26 May 2009
to 27 May 2009. Besides, the some other climatic and social historical fact play on importance role
of settlement evolution.
5.2. Study Area of Rural Settlement:
A rural settlement is a community involved predominantly primary activities such as farming,
lumbering and mining. Rural people mainly connected to agriculture activity, this study area is not
different of other village.
This study region mainly show Kantcha, Pucca, and Semi-Pucca types of house are showing. Was
there Total household in 2011 is 54296. And most of the people are connected on Cultivators
Formed, Agricultural Laborers, Household Industry Workers, and Other Workers. There Hindus,
Muslims, Others Religion people are shows. Over all Literacy rate is males is 54.81% and females is
45.18%. The study area constantly shows on rural settlement feature in a present situation.
5.3. Area of Rural Settlement:
Table No.1: Variation of settlement Area in Different Years on Bhagwanpur-I CD Block
Sl. No. Settlement Area Of Years Areas in Hectare
1 In1991 3788.28
2 In2001 4519.71
3 In2011 5588.37
Source: Landsat 4-5 TM

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ISSN: 2394-3114
Fig.2: Showing Settlement Are
We compare the variation of settlement area of Bhagwanpur-I CD block from the data of three
census years through a simple bar diagram. From the diagram it is found that there is an increasing
rate of settlement area. The increasing rate of first decade from 1991 to 2001 census is 21 percentage
where as the next decade from 2001 to 2011 census is 23.65 percentage so, we can conclude that the
area for settlement is growing day by day as population pressure increases.
5.4. Types of Rural Settlement on the Study Area:
A part of rural settlement is settlement type. According to Ahmad (1952) "The term village means
a group of dwellings which may be compact, semi-compact or hamleted clusters and linear,
emerging as a result of interplay of both physical and cultural factors" and According to Enayat
Ahmad (1965) „type‟ mean the characteristics grouping of rural dwellings in that well defined parcel
of ground which is known as „Mauza‟, but this concept is useful only in local consideration. In a
regional framework the term denotes the relationship between settlements with in space. According
to this concept, settlements have different types.
I. Compact settlement.
II. Semi-compact or hamleted-clustered settlements.
III. Semi-sprinkled or fragmented settlements.
IV. Dispersed or sprinkled settlements.
I. Compact rural settlements type:
This type of rural settlement is characterized with agglomeration of almost all the dwellings of
the mouza or village in one place (Ahmad, 1952). The concentration of houses varies from 30 to 40
in small hamlets to a hundred or thousands of houses in large villages. It is known as nucleated,
clustered or compact rural settlement. In this type, the houses are closely located and streets, path,
road are very narrow. The streets connect center of the village with the periphery and vice versa.
Tank, Temple, milk Dairy, Grampanchayat, fort and landlord houses are center of attraction in a
village around which the houses are located. In addition, it is define as “A settlement of one nuclei or
agglomerated without any sub hamlet called as compact settlement”.
In the study region some part, compact settlements have the highest density of population.
They have homes stacked together, often touching at the sides or stacked in multi-family buildings.
In this study region, main concentration of compact villages are found in North- West, center, some
part of south-west, some part of East portion and South-East portion.

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ISSN: 2394-3114
Fig.3: Compact Settlement Types
Source: Landsat 4-5 TM Data in 2011.
II. Semi-compact rural settlements type:
It is also called hamleted clustered or quasi-compact rural settlement. In this type besides the
main human settlement, one or more satellite settlements are found. Which linked with the footpath
may be metalled or unmetlled road or streets. It is marked by the presence of one easily recognisable
site (main village) and one or two or more small hamlets closely linked with the main site by foot
paths or cart tracks (Blach, 1952).
Semi-Compact is a transitional phase in the growth of compact settle-ment. Semi-Compact is
a transitional phase in the growth of compact settle-ment. The dwellings in such settlements are not
very closely knitted and are huddled together at one common site. It covers more area than the
compact settlements; the hamlets occupy new sites near the periphery of the village boundary. This
types of settlement of my sturdy area has been spread in different places. But most of the parts of
Semi-compact settlements located in middle portion.
Fig. 4: Semi-Compact Settlement Types
N-W Part of Simulia Gram Panchayat
N-W Part of Mahammadpore-I Gram
Panchayat
S-E/W Part of Mahammadpore-I & II Gram
Panchayat
Middle Part of Bhagwanpur Gram Panchayat

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III. Semi-sprinkled rural settlements type:
It may be called fragmented or hamlated rural settlement. This type of settlement has
number of hamlets and therefore, no recognizable central site and is called as semi-sprinkled
settlements. In this settlement, the entire territory exhibits hamlets which spread within the village as
well as, which houses are away from each other but entire group of houses make one village. Such
settlements are found in West Bengal, eastern Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and coastal plains.
This type of settlement is seen in many parts of Bhagwanpur-I CD Block. Which plays an important
role in the area of settlement in the region.
Fig. 5: Semi-sprinkled Settlement Types
IV. Dispersed rural settlement type:
A dispersed settlement, also known as a scattered settlement. It is also known as sprinkled
rural settlement. It shows the scattered dwellings or the houses are found quite apart from each other
due to farms or fields. This type of settlement has higher spacing and lower population size and
houses are comparatively far apart.
These settlements type cover very limited area, where scattered huts or homesteads found
all over the village area and relatively long distance between dwellings. It's the Bhagwanpur-I, CD
Block a some part are present now, such as most of the part of the West and South-West and also
some part of South-east and North-East.
Fig.6: Dispersed Settlement Types
This study area mainly show that, most of the part are rural community. We deeply observation
my study area and realized there settlement types, Bhagwanpur-I CD Block at are all of settlement
features are showing now. Beside we prepared a settlement area map by the Landsat 4-5 TM Data in
South Part of Mahammadpore-I
Gram Panchayat
South Part of Bhagwanpur Gram Panchayat
North Part of Bhagwanpur Gram Panchayat
Middle Part of Bibhishanapur
Gram Panchayat

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2011, this map area represent all character of settlement types, such as (I) Compact settlement, (II)
Semi-compact or hamleted-clustered settlements, (III) Semi-sprinkled or fragmented settlements, and
(IV) Dispersed or sprinkled settlements.
We also showing of upper portion, some settlement map created by Landsat 4-5 TM data in
2011. By which, in this areas rural settlement are clearly visible. The settlement types clearly to
learn, we showing the next stanza Houston Method for Settlement Dispersion, which is basically
subject to Total number of population in Purba Medinipur District and West Bengal State.
 Quantitative Methods for type of Rural Settlements:
Quantitative methods used to find out types of rural settlements. Various geographers and
thinkers have developed these methods. Some of these significant quantitative methods are used to
measuring the indices of agglomeration and dispersion. I've use here mainly Houston Method for
Settlement Dispersion.
S*N
K= -----------------
T ˜ E
Where,
K = Index of dispersion,
S = Area of CD Block,
N = Total number of settlement in CD Block,
T = Total population of CD Block,
E = Total population of CD Block headquarter,
After calculating the index of dispersion for each settlement, the region has been classified
into four types of rural settlements, they are
I. Compact type (dispersion Index < 1.00)
II. Semi-Compact types (dispersion Index 1.00 -2.00)
III. Semi-sprinkled (dispersion Index 2.00-3.00)
IV. Dispersed (dispersion Index > 3.00)
Table No.2: Houston Method Related Data of Bhagwabapur I CD Block
Area of Bhagwanpur-I CD Block 54296
Total number of house in Bhagwanpur-I CD Block 182.54 sq.km.
Total number of population in Bhagwanpur-I CD Block 234432
Total number of population in Purba Medinipur District 5094238
Total number of population in West Bengal State 91276115
Source: census data and Landsat 4-5 TM Data in 2011

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 Houston Method of Dispersion:
Table No.3: Houston Dispersion Result
Subject to headquarter Dispersion
value
Types of Settlement
Bhagwanpur-I CD Block in respect to District of Purba
Medinipur
2.03 Semi-sprinkled
Settlement
Bhagwanpur-I CD Block in respect to State of West
Bengal
0.11 Compact Settlement
We make a calculation table of Houston method of dispersion for showing settlement types to
show how settlement are distributing over all this area. In respect to Purba Medinipur, Bhagwanpur-I
CD block which comes under semi-sprinkled type of settlement. Its dispersion value is 2.03. In
comparison to West Bengal the dispersion value of settlement of Bhawgbanpur-I CD block is 0.11.
Which refers to a compact settlement type.
5.5. Factors Contributing To Different Types of Rural Settlement:
Settlement is cluster of houses including surrounding land where people take their shelter and keep
their possession. It is a simple and small agglomeration of people at a favourable site and it is
influenced by physical and economic factors. Source of water supply, river, and nature of soil are the
main factors affecting compactness or dispersed nature of rural settlements. Socio-economic factors
such as land use pattern, agricultural pattern and density of population influence on compactness or
dispersion of rural settlement
(i) Physical Factors: These include relief, altitude, soil capability, climate, drainage, ground water
level, etc. These factors influence the type and spacing of dwelling or instance, in dry regions of
Rajasthan, water is a crucial factor and, therefore, houses are situated along a pond or well which
guides the compactness of the settlement.
(ii) Ethnic and Cultural Factors: These include aspects like caste, community, ethnicity and
religion. In India it is commonly found that the main land owning caste resides at the canter of the
village and the other service providing castes on the periphery. This leads to social segregation and
fragmentation of a settlement into several units
(iii) Historical or Defiance Factors: In the past, mostly border areas of north western plains were
conquered or attacked frequently by outsiders. For a long time, apart from attack from outsiders,
there had been continuous fight between princely states and kingdom within the country therefore,
security concerns favoured the evolution of nucleated settlements
6. Trend of Socio Economic activity:
Socioeconomics is the social science that studies how economic activity affects and is shaped by
social processes. In general it analyzes how societies progress, stagnate, or regress because of their
local or regional economy, or the global economy. But some rural areas farming is a relatively minor
activity compared to energy production or manufacturing. Furthermore, the implications of rural
industrialization and of energy production for economic well-being and social indicators have been
considered fairly extensively. In here my study are is very complicated Socio Economic activity
represent. That is explained below -

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6.1. Land Use Pattern:
Table No.4: Land use pattern in Bhagwanpur-I CD Block
Years
Land Use
Pattern
1991
(Area in
Hectare)
1991
(percentage
Area in
Hectare)
2001
(Area in
Hectare)
2001
(percentage
Area in
Hectare)
2011
(Area in
Hectare)
2011
(percentageArea
in Hectare)
River 123.93 0.678927128 117.54 0.64392072 180.81 0.99053348
Sand 101.25 0.554679026 173.07 0.94813135 629.55 3.44887092
Water Body 188.19 1.030963416 175.77 0.96292279 260.46 1.42688098
Agricultural
Land (first
crops)
6483.78 35.52016566 2617.83 14.3412878 4085.82 22.3833941
Agricultural
Land
(second
crops)
3486.6 19.10068041 5574.24 30.5374223 2758.05 15.1094567
Vegetation 3404.34 18.65003451 1833.75 10.0458535 4684.86 25.6651218
Settlement 3788.28 20.75337738 4519.71 24.7603787 5588.37 30.6148309
Moisture
Fallow Land
677.43 3.711172468 3241.89 17.7600828 65.88 0.36091115
Total Area 18253.8 100 18253.80 100 18253.8 100
Source: Landsat 4-5 TM Data
Fig.7: Showing the Different Years of Land use pattern Area
The layout or arrangement of the uses of the land is known as “land use pattern”. Land use is
determined by many factors like relief features, climate, soil, and density of population, technical and
socio-economic factors. Rural Land Use patterns in rural areas accept to be extremely remote with
rural features such as agriculture, forestry, recreational space and small settlements.
In land use pattern we shown the various use of land in a certain area of certain time. Land use
pattern of Bhagwanpur-I CD Block is relay interesting due to continuous physical and cultural

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evolution. Here we select the 1991, 2001, and 2001 census year to show the variation of land use
pattern from Landsad 4-5 TM Data.
In my study area during 1991 the Kelaghai River covered 123.93 hectare area (0.678927128
percentage), Sand area covered 101.25 hectare (0.554679026 percentage), and Water body covered
188.19 hectare area (1.030963416 percentage), For agricultural land the first crop covered 6483.78
hectare area (35.52016566 percentage), as well as second crop covered 3486.6hectare area
(19.10068041 percentage), Vegetation covered 3404.34 hectare area (18.65003451 percentage),
Settlement covered 3788.28 hectare area (20.75337738 percentage), Moisture fallow land covered
677.43 hectare area (3.711172468 percentage),
Besides 1991in 2001 this area also covered by Kelaghai River 117.54 hectare, which is far less
than previous census year that is 6.39 hectare area. Sand covering area of this region is increased by
71082 hectare as a result of decreasing river captured area. Therefore the dry period is present in this
time (2001) the low density of water body had been dried, so the area of water body decreased up to
12.42 hectare area from previous census year. It is a lower gangatic region so the main crop of this
region paddy, to sown paddy more water is required. It the water body is decreased the people
required alternative second crop to sown. As a result of decreasing water body the moisture fallow
land is increasing up to 2564.46 hectare. With increasing time the settlement pattern is increased up
to 731.43 hectare area.
In 2011 the area of my study region basically river, sand, water body, first agricultural land and
vegetation increased with respect to time. But moisture fallow land and second agricultural land had
been decreased with changing settlement pattern. In this time the settlement area covered 588.37
hectare from previous census year it extend up to 1068.66. Evolution of land use pattern map is
shown in next page.
Fig.8: Land use Map Source: Landsat 4-5 TM Data

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6.2. Agriculture:
Table No.5: Agricultural Land in Bhagwanpur-I CD Block
Years
Types
1991
(Area In
Hectare)
percentage
Of 1991
2001
(Area In
Hectare)
percentage
Of 2001
2011
(Area In
Hectare)
percentage
Of 2011
Agricultural Land
(First Crops)
6483.78 65.0304201 2617.83 31.9556596 4085.82 59.7004326
Agricultural Land
(Second Crops)
3486.6 34.9695799 5574.24 68.0443404 2758.05 40.2995674
Total Agricultural
Land
9970.38 100 8192.07 100 6843.87 100
Source: Landsat 4-5 TM Data
Fig.9: Showing the Different Years of Agricultural Land
In this comparative bar graph we shows the year wise agricultural land of Bhagwanpur- I block
from 1991 to 2011 of cultivated crop. In 1991 the first crop (paddy) production land is very high in
respect to second crop due to suitable climatic condition and fertility of land condition. After 10
years the second cropping area increased falling of first crop. But next census year first crop are
showing normal trend. In my rural study area, over all agriculture area is year after year decreasing
trend showing. It are not a good impact in Bhagwanpur-I CD block.
Table No.6: Persons engaged in agriculture in Bhagwabanpur I CD Block
Persons Engaged In Agriculture percentage Of
Hectare
Bargadars 10.74
Patta (Document) Holders 10.42
Small Farmers (Possessing Land Between 1 And 2 Hectares) 1.64
Marginal Farmers (Possessing Land Up To 1 Hectare) 33.39
Agricultural Labourers 43.81
Total 100

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In this diagram we shows Persons engaged in agriculture in Bhagwanpur-I CD Block by the
circle diagram. Census In 2011, Bhagwnpur-I CD Block produced 9,783 tonnes of Aman paddy, the
main winter crop, from 10,275 hectares, 33,686 tonnes of Boro paddy, the spring crop, from 11,946
hectares, 332 tonnes of Aus paddy, the summer crop, from 476 hectares, 14 tonnes of jute from 1
hectares and 1,221 tonnes of potatoes from 85 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.
Betelvine is a major source of livelihood in Purba Medinipur district, particularly in Tamluk and
Contai subdivisions. Betelvine production in 2008-09 was the highest amongst all the districts and
was around a third of the total state production. In 2008-09, Purba Mednipur produced 2,789 tonnes
of cashew nuts from 3,340 hectares of land. Purba Medinipur‟s net district domestic product derives
one fifth of its earnings from fisheries, the highest amongst all the districts of West Bengal. The nett
area available for effective pisciculture in Bhagwanpur-I CD Block in 2013-14 was 900.23 hectares.
5,668 persons were engaged in the profession and approximate annual production was 34,299
quintals.
Fig.10: Showing the Persons engaged in agriculture (in 2011)
Source: census Data in 2011

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6.3. Irrigation:
Table No.7: Irrigated area in Bhagwabanpur-I CD Block
Irrigated Types Area In Hectare % Area In Hectare
Canal Water 260 2.623612513
Tank Water 2,200 22.19979818
Deep Tube well 7,450 75.1765893
Total 9910 100
Fig.11: Showing Irrigated area (in 2011)
In this diagram we shows that irrigation types in respect to area of Bhagwanpur-I CD block.
There are many types of irrigation process found for cultivation. Mainly canal water, tank water and
deep tube water. Are dominant process of irrigation in this zone the total area of irrigation is 9910
hectare. As it is the lower coastal plain land, deep tube water irrigation process is dominant from
among other process. 75% area irrigated by deep tube water that is 7450 hectare of total area. After
deep this tank water irrigation process is found almost 2200 hectare area of this zone, which is 22%
of total area. Remaining 3% area of my area is covered by canal water irrigation. The total area
irrigated by canal water is 260 hectare. It mainly occurred in rating reason when the river keleghi is
flooded and the canal is full with water.

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6.4. Economic/ Occupational Condition:
Table No.8: Economic/ Occupational Condition Bhagwabapur-I CD Block
Types Of Workers % Of Population
Cultivators Formed 15.87
Agricultural Laborers 48.98
Household Industry Workers 10.24
Other Workers 24.91
Total 100
Fig.12: Showing the Economic/ Occupational Condition (in 2011)
It this diagram we dhows the types of worked terms of total percentage of population it is a rural
area so basically the economic or occupational condition of worker mainly dominated by primary to
secondary activity. Many workers are found in various sector of my study area. These are
agricultural laborers, cultivators formed, Household industry workers and other. As it is a rural area
most of them are involved in agricultural labors the total percentage of population involving in
agricultural laborers are 48.98% the percentage of population engaged in cultivators formed are
15.87%, here the percentage of people engaged in household industry are 10.24% other workers.
In Bhagwabapur I CD Block in 2011, total workers formed 38.56% of the total population and
amongst the class of total workers, cultivators formed 15.87%, agricultural labourers 48.98%,
household industry workers 10.24% and other workers 24.90%.
6.5. Population:
From the census data of population of Bhagwanpur-I CD block we draw a simple bar diagram to
compare decadal growth of population for this CD block. From this diagram we found that
population growth rate each on increasing more for the census data of 2001 to 2011. The growth rate
is 18% which is little rare.

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ISSN: 2394-3114
Table No.9: Total Population of Bhagwabapur-I CD Block
Years Total Population
In 2001 198868
In 2011 234432
Source: census Data in 2011 & 2001
Fig.13: Showing Total Population (in 2001, 2011)
6.6. Sex Ratio:
Table No.10: The Sex Ratio of Bhagwabapur-I CD Block
Years
Population
In 2001 In 2001 (%) In 2011 In 2011 (%)
Males Population 101548 51.06301667 121301 51.7425096
Females Population 97320 48.93698333 113131 48.2574904
Total 198868 100 234432 100
Source: census Data in 2011 & 2001

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ISSN: 2394-3114
Fig.14: Showing the Sex Ratio (in 2001, 2011)
In this comparative bar diagram we show the year wise sex-ratio of Bhagwanpur-I CD block. In
2011 the total male population is greater than female population which is natural in nature. But when
time increased in 2011 the total population increased but the female population decreased in respect
to previous year. So it is a sign of rural population growth.
As per 2001 census, Bhagwanpur I block had a total population of 198,868, out of which 101,548
were males and 97,320 were females. Bhawanpur I block registered a population growth of 13.59 per
cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the combined Midnapore district was 14.87
per cent.Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent. As per 2011 Census of India
Bhagwanpur I CD Block had a total population of 234,432, of which 222,677 were rural and 11,755
were urban. There were 121,301 (52 percentage) males and 113,131 (48 percentage) females.
Population below 6 years was 28,910. Scheduled Castes numbered 33,435 (14.26 percentage) and
Scheduled Tribes numbered 411 (0.18 percentage).
6.7. Literacy:
Table No.11: Literacy rate Bhagwabapur-I CD Block
Years
Literate People
In 2011 In 2011 (percentage)
males 99276 54.81197652
females 81845 45.18802348
Total 181121 100

(UGC Care Journal)
ISSN: 2394-3114
Fig.15: Showing the Literacy rate (in 2001, 2011)
From the census data literacy we draw a simple bar diagram to compare literacy rate among males
and females population of Bhawganpur-I CD block. As per 2011 census data we draw the diagram
which shows male literacy rate is higher (55 percentage) that female literacy rate (45 percentage).
Overall literacy rate for this block is poor whereas involvement of female population in education is
also very poor.
As per 2011 census the total number of literates in Bhagwabanpur I CD Block was 181,121
(88.13 percentage of the population over 6 years) out of which 99,276 (55 percentage) were males
and 81,845 (45 percentage) were females. As per 2011 census, literacy in Purba Medinipur district
was 87.02 percentage . Purba Medinipur had the highest literacy amongst all the districts of West
Bengal in 2011.
6.8. Religion:
Table No.12: Religion Ratio of Bhagwabapur-I CD Block
Religion Total Population percentage Of Total Population
Hindus 201802 86.0812517
Muslims 32389 13.8159466
Others 241 0.10280167
Total 234432 100
Fig.16: Showing the Religion Ratio (in 2011)
We draw a simple bar diagram to show the comparison or variation of religious structure for
Bhagwanpur-I CD block from their census data of 2011. From this diagram it is found that highest
percentage of population are belongs to hindu. The percentage of hindu population is 86 percentage

(UGC Care Journal)
ISSN: 2394-3114
where muslim population is only 13.8 percentage and a little contribute from other religion is 0.11
percentage
7.1. Findings:
After analyzing the satellite imagery of three decades 1991, 2001, and 2011find the no. of settlement
increased also the scenario of settlement patterns were changed from dispersed (1991) to tending
towards cluster (2001). In respect to Purba Medinipur, Bhagwanpur-I CD block which comes under
semi-sprinkled type of settlement. Its dispersion value is 2.03. In comparison to West Bengal the
dispersion value of settlement of Bhawgbanpur-I CD block is 0.11. Which refers to a compact
settlement type. It perspective of 2011 census data. And the settlement area increase the area under
agricultural land decreases due to construction of settlement on agricultural land. Alternately the
drainage system as well as drainage patterns also hampered due to unplanned construction and no. of
increase of settlements.
7.2. Conclusion:
In this study on Rural Settlement with Aspects of Socio Economic Movement & GIS in Bhagwanpur
– I CD Block, we seen the rural area is belong in under developing region. The population here is
growing at a very rapid rate with socio economic activity. And settlement growing process is also
first. At last we can be say the economic and social future of this rural area is very fine.
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3. Mandal R.B. (2001), “Introduction to Rural Settlements”, Concept Publication Company
New Delhi. pp. 211 – 217, 186 – 202, 79 - 80
4. Singh Jagelish (1971), “Rural Settlements Types and Pattern in Baghalkhand M.P.
(India) National Geographical Journal of India Vol. XVII Part 14
5. Rana Singh P.B. (1974), “Pattern Analysis of rural settlements Distribution and Their
Types in Saran Plain a Quantitative Approach” National Geographical Journal of India
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A Case Study On Rural Settlement With Aspects Of Socio Economic Movement Amp GIS In Bhagwanpur -I CD Block

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