1. The Water:Energy Nexus
Simultaneous solutions or dual disasters?
GE
Water & Process Technologies

2. Mega-Trends … focus our efforts to
meet the world’s greatest challenges
1. Water Scarcity
2. Waterborne Disease
3. Growth of Developing Nations
4. Rising Cost of Energy
5. New Stringent Regulations
6. Massive Infrastructure Needs
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3. The Global Water Challenge
“Whiskey is for Drinking; Water is for Fighting.”
– Mark10/29/2012/
Twain 3

4. The Global Energy Challenge
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5. Global 2030 needs
62.2
Billions of kW hours (In billion cubic meters)
50.2
40,000
2x Electricity 3x Water
Emerging
35,000 Developed
30,000
20
*at same consumption rate
19.9
25,000
20,000 15
15,000
10
10,000
5
5,000
0 0
2008 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
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6. Water:Energy Nexus
Both challenges must be addressed together
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7. Nexus #1: 6-19% of a city’s energy demand
used to produce, treat & transport water
WATER ENERGY
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8. Solution #1: Distributed water & power…
right mix, right place, right price
WATER ENERGY
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9. Opportunity #1: Distributed drinking water,
reuse and waste water
WATER ENERGY
• Information management
• Standardized solutions
• On-site reuse technologies
• Wastewater to energy
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10. Nexus #2: Higher technology to treat impaired
water requires higher energy demand
WATER ENERGY
Membrane
Other
O&M* Capital
~33% ~33%
Energy
~33%
Thermal (MED)
Other Capital
24% 31%
Energy
45%
* Membrane replacement,
Chemicals, Labor,
Maintenance
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11. Solution #2: Joint technology development
driving energy and cost out
WATER ENERGY
1.25
Cost of Water $/m3
1.00 Cost of Desalination
0.75
Cost Water Reuse
0.50
0.25 Cost of „Traditional‟ Water Supply
1996 2010
The cost of desalination with GE membranes has fallen by more than 80% in the last two decades
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12. Opportunity #2: Technology development
driving energy and cost out
$$ SHORT TERM
• High-Flux Membrane Systems
• Chem/Membrane/Equip Integration
• Advanced Pretreatment
• Next-Generation Electrical Processes
• Nano technologies
• Solar & Low Grade Heat Integration
• High-Efficiency Membrane Materials LONG TERM
• SWRO ++ Integration
• Renewable Energy Integration
• Active Transport
• Additive Particulate Separation
• Innovative Desalination
2008 2012 2016 2020
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13. Story #2: Ultra Low Energy RO
Summary of Results
 Successful scale up to actual plan
 Stable performance
 > 98% average salt rejection
 < 70 psi average driving pressure
 < 60 psi average trans membrane
 Reverse Osmosis performance at
Ultrafiltration pressures!!
What does this mean for our industry?
Significant electrical cost savings over
conventional RO
Lower capital cost of RO system
Smaller pump (or no high pressure pump!)
Lower pressure membrane housings
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14. Nexus #3: Declining reservoir levels reduce
hydro generating capacity
WATER ENERGY
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15. Solution #3: Reduce consumption, replenish
reservoirs, alternative energy
WATER ENERGY
Bioenergy Wind
Solar Hydro Natural Gas
Cauley Creek water reuse
facility…restoring lake levels by treating
municipal wastewater Geothermal Hydrogen
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16. Opportunity #3: Reduce water
consumption, replenish reservoirs, alternative
energy sources WATER ENERGY
• Direct water reuse
• Biological control
• Water rights
• Data management
• Combined water/energy projects
• Agriculture solutions
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17. Nexus #4: Power generation requires large
quantities of water
WATER ENERGY
>50% of global
industrial water
consumption is
used to generate
power
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18. Solution #4: Reduce water consumption per
MW produced
Water in
Source Align optimum water source with
To Use consumption need
Process & Optimize water & energy consumption
Utilities
in boiler, cooling and fuel systems
Waste Convert waste streams
To Value into value & minimize risk
Waste out
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19. Opportunity #4: Reduce water consumption
per MW produced
WATER ENERGY
• Industrial water efficiency
• Benchmarking
• Common approach
• Water reuse
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20. Nexus #5: Energy exploration & production
generates massive wastewater
WATER ENERGY
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21. Solution #5: Advanced wastewater solutions
reduce losses & enable water reuse
WATER ENERGY
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22. Opportunity #5: Advanced wastewater solutions
reduce water losses and enable water reuse
WATER ENERGY
• Impaired waters
• Concentrate management
• Ahead of regulation
• Across value chain
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23. Nexus #6: Emerging market’s huge energy
demand creates huge water demand
WATER ENERGY
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24. Solution #6: Emerging market’s water and
energy challenges can be solved simultaneously
WATER ENERGY
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25. Opportunity #6: Emerging market’s water and
energy challenges can be solved simultaneously
WATER ENERGY
• Integrated solution
• Shift from hunting to cultivation*
• Solutions across developing world
• Distributed water and energy solutions
* Source: Lux Research 25 /
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26. GE Power & Water
Combining the best of
GE to solve the world’s
biggest challenges