uses and adverbs in tense

1. TENSE
By: Roshan Lal Kumawat
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By: Roshan Lal Kumawa

2. TENSE PARTS
1. Present Tense
2. Past Tense
3. Future Tense
Each tense has four subparts :
i. Indefinite Tense
ii. Continuous tense
iii. Perfect Tense
iv. Perfect Continuous Tense
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By: Roshan Lal Kumawa

3. TYPES OF SENTENCES
• Each Subpart has four sentences:
1. Affirmative Sentence
2. Negative Sentence
3. Interrogative Sentence
4. Interrogative Negative Sentence
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By: Roshan Lal Kumawa

4. PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE
• USE: Used to talk about routines and every day actions.
• Adverbs: Always, Generally, Every day, in the summer, Often, Seldom, Once a months, at
night, Never, Sometimes, Twice a year, In the evening
• Structure:
• Affirmative: Subject + Verb(s/es)+ Object.
• Negative: Subject + H.V.(Do/Does) + not + Verb(1st)+ object.
• Interrogative: Wh. Word + H.V.(Do/Does) + Subject + Verb(1st)+ object+?
H.V.(Do/Does) + Subject + Verb(1st)+ object+ ?
• Int. Neg. : : Wh. Word + H.V.(Do/Does) + Subject+ not + Verb(1st)+ object+?
H.V.(Do/Does) + Subject + not + Verb(1st)+ object+ ?
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By: Roshan Lal Kumawa

5. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
• USE: to talk about an action in progress in the moment of speaking
• ADVERB: Today, At present, At the moment, Still, Now
• Structure:
• Affirmative: Subject + H.V.(is/am/are) + V(1st)+ ing + object.
• Negative: : Subject + H.V.(is/am/are) + not + V(1st)+ ing + object.
• Interrogative : Wh. Word + H.V.(is/am/are) + Subject + V(1st)+ ing + object+ ?
• Int. Neg. : Wh. Word + H.V.(is/am/are) + Subject + not + V(1st)+ ing + object+ ?
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By: Roshan Lal Kumawa

6. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
• Uses: To talk about experience and time period
• ADVERB: Just, yet, Already, Since, For, So far
• Affirmative: Subject + H.V.( has/ have) + V(3rd ) + object.
• Negative: Subject + H.V.( has/ have) + Not + V(3rd ) + object.
• Interrogative: Wh. Word + H.V.( has/ have) + Subject+ V(3rd ) + object ?
• Int. Neg.: Wh. Word + H.V.( has/ have) + Subject + V(3rd ) + Not + object ?
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By: Roshan Lal Kumawa

7. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
• Uses: To express long actions that started in the past and continue until now, Express recent
actions that have clear evidence or results now, typically used for shorter, more temporary
situations.
• ADVERBS: always, only, never, ever, still, just.
• Affirmative: Subject + has/ have + been + v(ing)+ since/for +time.
• Negative: Subject + has/ have + not + been + v(ing)+ since/for +time.
• Interrogative: Wh word+ has/ have + Subject + been + v(ing)+ since/for +time?
• Int. Neg. : Wh word+ has/ have + Subject + not + been + v(ing)+ since/for +time?
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By: Roshan Lal Kumawa

8. PAST INDEFINITE TENSE
• USES: Act that finished in the past,
• Adverbs: Yesterday, last week, a month ago.
• Affirmative: Subject + verb(2nd) + Object.
• Negative: Subject + did + not + V(1st) + object.
• Interrogative: Wh. Word + did + Sub. + Verb + object ?
• Int. Neg. : Wh. Word +did + sub. + not + verb + object?
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By: Roshan Lal Kumawa

9. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
• USES: Two or more parallel acts, continuous / interrupted past act.
• Adverbs: While, when + past continuous
• Affirmative: Subject + was /were + v(ing) + object.
• Negative: Subject + was /were+ not + v(ing) +object.
• Interrogative: wh word + was/ were + sub+ v(ing) + Object?
• Int. Neg. :wh word + was/ were + sub + not + v(ing) + Object?
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By: Roshan Lal Kumawa

10. PAST PERFECT TENSE
• Use: for an action which has happened or completed in past
• Adverb: Till, by then, before, by today/ yesterday/ evening
• Affirmative: Subject + Had + Verb (3rd form) + Object + (.)
• Negative: Subject + Had + not + Verb (3rd form) + Object + (.)
• Interrogative: Had +Subject +V(3rd) +object ?
• Int. Neg. : Had + Subject + not + V(3rd) + object ?
Geeta ghar aa chukee Past Indefinite Tense Geeta came home.
Geeta ghar aa chukee hai. Present Perfect Tense Geeta has come home.
Geeta ghar aa chukee
thee.
Past Perfect Tense Geeta had come home.
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By: Roshan Lal Kumawa

11. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
• Use: Act to be continued to a point in the past, to show the cause of the past effect
• Adverb: Before/ After / for/ when / Because.
• Affirmative: Subject + had + been + V(1st) + ing + object+ since / For + time.
• Negative: Subject + had + not + been + V(1st) + ing + object +since / For + time.
• Interrogative: Wh. Word + had +Subject + been + V(1st) + ing + object+ since / For +
time?
• Int. Neg.: : Wh. Word + had+ Subject + not + been + V(1st) + ing + object+ since / For +
time?
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By: Roshan Lal Kumawa

12. FUTURE TENSE
• HV: Will/ Shall
• Will: To express ideas such as determination, promise, threat or willing.
• I will go there, whatever happens. (Determination)
• We will not let you go. (Determination)
• I will try to get him a good job. (Promise)
• I will teach you a lesson. (Threat)
• All right, I will come with you. (Willingness)
• With second and third person to express simple futurity.
• The train will leave at 9.40 pm.
• He will be back in a day or two
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By: Roshan Lal Kumawa

13. USE OF SHELL
• Shall : With first person( I/ we) to express strong possibility or near certainty of an action
which is to take place in near future.
• I shall leave for Chicago tomorrow.
• We shall discuss the matter with the chairman.
• I shall be thirty one next Tuesday.
• With second and third person to express a command, threat.
• You shall not lie. (= You are commanded not to lie.)
• She shall obey my orders. (= She is commanded to obey my orders.)
• He shall go at once. (= He is commanded to go at once.)
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By: Roshan Lal Kumawa

14. FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE
• Use : to predict future events, decision, offer or promise
• Adverbs: Tomorrow, soon, next year, someday
• Affirmative: Subject+ will/shall + Verb(1st form) + object.
• Negative: Subject+ will/shall + not + Verb(1st form) + object.
• Interrogative: will/shall + Subject+ Verb(1st form) + object.
• Int. Neg. : will/shall + Subject + not + Verb(1st form) + object.
• In Future Tense helping verb ‘Shall’ is used with ‘I’ and ‘We’. Helping verb ‘Will’ is used with
all others.
• When you are to make a commitment or warn someone or emphasize something, use of
'will/shall' is reversed. ‘Will’ is used with ‘I’ & ‘We’ and 'shall' is used with others.
• In general speaking there is hardly any difference between 'shall & will' and normally ‘Will’ is
used with all.
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By: Roshan Lal Kumawa

15. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
• Use: Act that will happen at some point, future expectation or predictions:
• Adverb: In this week/ still / at 7 tomorrow.
• Affirmative: Subject +Will / shall +be + V(1st )ing+ obj.
•Negative : Subject + will / shall + not + be + V(1st ) + ing +obj.
•Interrogative : Wh. Word + will / Shall + Subject+ be + V(1st ) ing + obj+ ?
•Int. Neg. : Wh. Word + will / Shall + Subject + not + be + V(1st ) ing + obj+ ?
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By: Roshan Lal Kumawa

16. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
• Use: Action 1 will finish in future before action2,
• Adverb: By the time/ Before / When / Till/ Until…
• Affirmative: Subject + will / shall + have + V3 + object.
• Negative: Subject + will / Shall + not + have + V3+ object.
• Interrogative: Wh. Word + will/ Shall+ Subject+ have+ V3+ object ?
• Int. Neg. : Wh. Word + will/ Shall+ Subject + not + have+ V3+ object ?
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By: Roshan Lal Kumawa

17. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
• Use: act will continue to a point in the future, to show the cause of a future effect.
• Adverb: By the time / Before/ When / For/ Till / Until…
• Affirmative: Subject+ will/ Shall + have + been+ V(1st) + ing+ object+ since / For + time.
• Negative: Subject+ will/ Shall + not + have + been + V(1st) + ing+ object+ since / For +
time.
• Interrogative: Wh. Word +will/ Shall + Subject+ have +been+ V(1st) + ing+ object+ since /
For + time?
• Int. Neg. : Wh. Word +will/ Shall + Subject + not + have +been+ V(1st) + ing+ object+
since / For + time?
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By: Roshan Lal Kumawa