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Unified Medical Data Platform for Highly 
Accurate Diagnosis, Predictions and 
Prescriptions 
 
An AI-based Decision Platform built using unified data model, incorporating systems 
biology topics for unit analysis using semi-supervised learning models 
 
Authors 
Veerendra, Dr. Kannan Mavila, Dr. Arjun Rajagopalan, Frank Boehm, Margaret Morris,  
©​ ​March 15th, 2018​, ​Quahog Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India 
   
Quahog Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India 
1 
 
Contents 
Introduction 2 
QuahogLife Integrated Environment 4 
1. Expert System 6 
1a. Conceptual Data Model 6 
1b. Machine Learning 10 
3. Data Collaboration 13 
Applications 13 
Personalized Medicine 14 
Machine Learning Use cases 15 
Recommendations for Preventive Care 16 
Summary 18 
About Quahog Life Sciences 19 
   
 
2 
 
Introduction 
Today's healthcare decisions are not completely foolproof in that they can lead to fatal errors. 
Statistics show that an estimated 850,000 ​medical errors​ occur each year, costing over £2 
billion. Each year in the U.S., approximately 12 million adults who seek outpatient medical care 
are misdiagnosed, according to a ​new study published​. The third most deadly killers of 
Americans are medical errors, accounting for more than 250,000 deaths each year, according to 
the ​analysis​. These medical errors arising from incomplete or inaccurate analysis could have 
easily been prevented. Therefore, it is critical to understand why misdiagnoses occur; and the 
problem requires careful evaluation of diagnostic systems and processes. Uncovering and 
remediating flaws in existing techniques can greatly reduce the risks associated with 
misdiagnoses. 
Erroneous healthcare decisions often result from the lack of data in relevant areas, due to 
compartmentalization stemming from patient data lying in silos and historical data not being 
available for analysis by qualified diagnosticians. In other words, the problem involves data 
compartmentalization and/or for the failure of data to be proactively shared with those in the 
best position to make the best use of it.​ This fosters a pattern of highly assumptive decisions 
and a high potential for erroneous heuristic analysis. 
The abundance of wearables and other devices capable of collecting diagnostic data should 
reduce the risk of such oversights. Although this type of data increase should be favorable for 
analyzing patient data, it also adds additional silos, and with them hurdles for realizing this 
opportunity. The problems are further complicated by the lack of universal data tagging 
between sources and precise definitions for what is being collected. Re-orchestrating the 
collection and categorization of patient data to optimize visibility and availability of such data is 
an opportunity that must not be overlooked. It would facilitate the ability to analyze patient data 
holistically. Preadministration of data tagging could reduce compatibility issues in measuring 
and categorizing such data. Siloed data could then be merged from their source and tagged 
automatically without requiring and manual post processing. 
An important goal of next-generation health care is to provide a platform to ensure that every 
user is ​up-to-date​ of his or her bodily functions so that they may be alerted to deviations. This 
would minimize the negative impact of prolonged neglect and support the agile restoration of 
 
3 
 
normalcy. Providing meaningful alerts and recommendations for even the smallest possible 
detectable deviation furthers the benefits. For example, nano-trackers capable of real-time 
analysis of blood, urine and saliva may be able to predict and recommend dietary or 
pharmaceutical measures prior to the development of debilitating patient symptoms, allowing 
patients to self-correct. Such early detection and resolution may be used to clear the patient’s 
system of defects; the accumulation of such defects is hypothesized to be the main reason for 
ageing. Quick external resolution also reduces the load on the immune system, thereby 
increasing the patients’ potential longevity. 
Advancing health care to meet this goal requires AI-assisted decision systems that are capable 
of detecting patterns (by performing health diagnostics) and providing recommendations 
(based on additional testing, habit transformation, treatments, etc.) quickly and accurately from 
the data of home medical devices, test results and other data sources. 
Seamless data flows within such a system and its integrated sources will allow for machine 
learning to uncover the myriad patterns derived from a multitude of patients. This presents an 
opportunity to use deep learning to develop unparalleled medical expertise within an intelligent 
system. In order to rapidly make precise medical decisions, such a system will require two 
major components: 
1. A Patient Master or single version of truth (SVOT) for patient data. This greatly 
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facilitates the creation of patient-centric data stacks which include historical patient 
data collected across multiple devices, test results, prescription regiments, treatment 
history and the like. Robust patient-centric data enables holistic analysis required to 
increase detection and prediction potential of the second component. 
2. An Expert System – A decision engine capable of outputting every possible pathway or 
process within the human body. When patient data is recorded, it is stored within the 
patient’s data stack (as a pattern) that is passed to this Expert system for pattern 
matching and deviation detection. The Expert system then uses the resulting patterns 
and deviations to determine cause and output one or more solutions to return the 
pattern to equilibrium (i.e. a treatment recommendation). 
Notice that the first component is analogous to the patient profile as kept by a traditional 
doctor’s office, except that the profile is enhanced by data merged from every type of doctor 
1
​Single version of truth or SVOT is a technical concept in computerized management essentially meaning 
a single Centralized Database. 
 
4 
 
that the patient may visit, and it also contains the results of every test taken by the patient and is 
being continuously augmented with updated data from patient borne sensors. This greatly 
enriched patient profile can dramatically reduce misdiagnosis due to lacking or siloed data. The 
second component is analogous of the feedback loop between the patient and the doctor 
except that it is not limited to the frequency and duration of traditional doctor appointments. 
Nor is it necessarily reliant on the patient to first detect the symptom, then seek diagnostics. 
This type of feedback loop can greatly reduce misdiagnoses due to poor, infrequent and/or lack 
of patient-doctor communication. It is also likely that the combination of early detection and 
continuous monitoring of treatments and responses will reduce the severity of disorders, the 
need to resort to drastic treatments ​and the risk of a mistreatment and its progression. 
Developing a system as described above would address issues in the collection, consolidation, 
and categorization of patient data and the flow of that data to the experts and systems in the 
best position to make use of it. Using it for deep learning related to homeostasis and its 
deviations creates opportunities to advance the speed and accuracy of current diagnostic and 
prescriptive capabilities. This can provide for more accurate and earlier diagnoses that can 
often prevent illnesses, and it affords more accurately selected treatments and more speed in 
the detection of treatment complications. 
QuahogLife Integrated Environment 
The QuahogLife Platform manages life-long patient data. Managing patient data involves far 
more than just the unified storage of patient data collected and united from all available 
sources. It also requires outputting individual health patterns, effects, insights and other 
knowledge that is useful for predicting and prescribing effective remedies. In order to facilitate 
the required data transformation and otherwise achieve these objectives, the integrated 
platform houses three core modules that operate in tandem: an Expert System (ExS), a Unified 
Patient Application (UPA) and Data Connectors. 
The graphic below illustrates the integration of the three modules along with the data flow.  
(1) The Data Connectors collect data either from medical devices (analogous to pathology 
laboratories). Connectors for devices, including mobile apps, nano-trackers and other cellular 
testing methods, push data to the Unified Patient Application module (2) for organization. The 
 
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organized stack is then passed to the Expert System module (3) for learning and inference. ​Its 
outputs are collected back to the Unified Patient Application to update patient records. 
 
Data are organized by patient (each of whom is assigned a unique ID), and pushed to the Expert 
System where it will be analyzed for deviations from the healthy patterns established earlier. 
Detected deviations (useful data that contribute to the model) trigger the diagnostic and 
treatment process. Feedback from treatment monitoring is also made available to the system to 
refine both the treatment schedule and the overall model. ​QuahogLife is able to continuously 
improve its ability to detect and remediate abnormalities at large and predict specific responses 
of individuals while ensuring robust and up-to-date patient profiles are kept. 
The mechanics are cyclical. ​Data are continuously being collected, processed and analyzed to 
discover patterns.​ ​The patterns are also characterized as being indicative of one’s state of 
health, it’s improvements or areas of deterioration and many other key indicators.​ This new and 
useful information mined from raw data is called insights. ​Pattern recognition and probabilistic 
attribution applied to patterns, their deviations and developed insights account for decisioning 
related to detection and diagnosis.​ ​Much or this process is managed by the Expert system 
component, described in greater detail below.
 
6 
 
1. Expert System 
The learning and decisioning aspects of the Quahog Life Science Platform resides in its Expert 
system. This module houses all of the necessary parameters for the optimal functionality of the 
human body. For example, the Expert system stores information on optimal blood pressure, and 
maintains a knowledge base of millions of blood pressure reading patterns seeded by past 
research and augmented by new learning. It holds optimal range data for every pattern, 
including anomalous patterns discovered in healthy, long-lived people.  
When paired with patient date from the Unified Patient Application, our Expert system emulates 
doctor-patient interactions wherein the patient provides input about symptoms and the doctor 
orders tests, the results of which are used by the doctor to determine a course of action or 
prescribe a remedy. The Expert System can be compared to the doctor, in that the system has 
the data (knowledge) relative to performance ranges for each potential pathway, which can 
readily detect abnormal values while comparing inputs from the Unified Patient Stack (the latter 
of which can be compared to the patient).  
The Expert System employs a hierarchical unified schema as its learning network. The schema 
design facilitates pattern detection and recommendation selection for remediation at great 
speeds and with great accuracy. The logic behind the data model that make this possible is 
described in the section below.
1.1 Conceptual Data Model  
The Quahog unified data model incorporates the scientific principle of Systems Biology to 
accomplish unit analysis that utilizes semi-supervised learning models. The following is an 
extract of the way the Institute for Systems Biology, in Seattle, summarizes Systems Biology:
It is a holistic approach to deciphering the complexity of biological systems that starts from the
understanding that the networks that form the whole of living organisms are more than the
sum of their parts. It is collaborative, integrating many scientific disciplines – biology,
computer science, engineering, bioinformatics, physics and others – to predict how these
systems change over time and under varying conditions, and to develop solutions to the
world’s most pressing health and environmental issues.
 
7 
 
https://www.systemsbiology.org/about/what-is-systems-biology/
In other words, the conceptual data model used in the Expert system is designed using the 
concepts of systems biology. As in chemical biology, changes in the micro patterns influence 
macro patterns, making it important to build a relationship graph of molecules to aid analysis. 
This graph architecture allows users to cluster molecules based either by their properties, 
functions or responses by sorting relationships between the molecules. 
Hence, to model an entire cell, multiple molecular pathways must be integrated to order to 
analyze the macro causes and effects that cell can undergo or express. To model a particular 
cell, we designed a conceptual data model in which the cell is classified by its functional units. 
Relationships between these functional units were extracted based on their involvement in all 
pathways cataloged by the KEGG Pathway Database . In this way, a new database of all the 2
unique entities and their pathway relationships was developed to facilitate the visualization of 
the spatial and temporal dynamics of both receptors and the components during signaling and 
activation.  
This network was enhanced by connecting other important databases (including, but not limited 
to, genomics, epigenomics, transcriptome, protein, and all others) to better understand the 
influence of such components on signaling pathways. This integrated network will assist with 
visualizing any/all patterns and parameters that influence changes in a specific pathway from 
multiple dimensions. An example is visualizing the influence of cellular metabolites in signaling 
and epigenetic regulation, and/or the initiation of TF-driven gene expression. 
This network of unique cellular components and their definitions form a unique cell. Over 200 
such unique cell nodes have been created, forming a layer with cell definitions based on 
variations of their properties and functionalities. This cellular layer forms a tissue layer, which 
forms an organ layer, with relationships to the 13 distinct macro functions of the human body. 
Traditional analysis is top-to-bottom, starting with macro factors such as symptoms that can be 
linked to a certain disease that may affects a particular organ. The bottom-to-top approach, 
described herein, goes beyond diagnoses involving symptoms indicative of specific ailments by 
uncovering the underlying relationships between those organs, their components and their 
collective mechanics of the underlying systems. With the integration of a disease database, this 
2
​KEGG​ Pathway Database – ​Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes​ Pathway Database 
 
8 
 
methodology can extract the most probable cause of a disease at its lowest levels. The diagram 
below shows the network for how different topics are connected at different layers.
 
 
9 
 
 
The graphic from KEGG shows the linkages between various metabolic pathways.
 
10 
 
1.2 Machine Learning 
Building the underlying network described above is essential, and the network is complex. 
However, machine learning techniques designed to measure similarities between related 
objects are capable of doing so. New connections are created as dynamic relationships 
extracted between similar labels or keywords are uncovered by the learner. For example, using 
an exact keyword match, relationships are automatically created for every unique label across 
data sources, eliminating the risks of manual tagging and associated errors. This relationship 
strength between the unique labels are updated with a certain weight every time an association 
is detected in a unique pattern. Using a temporal sequence of activities within a signaling 
routine, patterns are generated.  
These patterns are then compared with user input patterns for matching, predicting scenarios, 
analyzing individual patterns and even analyzing the unknown targets in a specific pattern, using 
machine reasoning techniques. This simplifies the matter of identifying all associated 
influences, and the process can be used to apply probabilistic attribution to understand the 
various degrees of attribution for each influencing parameter. With patterns available for 
reference, the learning engine can rapidly match input patterns and also learn from new 
relationship patterns that were not previously recorded. 
The knowledge base utilized by the Expert system is enriched by two learning processes. The 
goal of the first is to acquire knowledge about optimal versus non-optimal molecular behaviors. 
The goal of the other is to derive patterns from the raw data. As learning progresses, the Expert 
systems ability to predict and prescribe more rapidly and accurately also increases. 
Semi-supervised learning techniques are used for schema editing and target variable 
configuration. Classification, clustering, auto-sequencing and matching are carried out with 
unsupervised learning algorithms. 
2. Unified Patient Application 
The Unified Patient Application is the single version of truth, or patient master for the Quahog 
Life Science Platform; collecting patient data from all available sources, optimizing its structure 
and curating medical history. The patient data set acts as a memory file following the same 
 
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schema of the Expert System, facilitating its ability to rapidly provide input as required and 
receive new information (from the Expert System, etc.) to be recorded as part of a patient’s 
updated medical history. 
The rise and proliferation of connected devices includes those collecting health and fitness data 
on patients. It can be expected that, over time, such data will become more readily available. 
Data streaming just-in-time from wearables and medical devices, and the capture of digitized 
reports, records and treatment schedules, are increasingly more valuable for producing holistic, 
individualized medical histories. 
Incorporating an individual's adherence, drifts or anomalies in global patterns into their record is 
also important. That way, newly detected deviations may be extracted as key influencers of 
particular patterns, characterized probabilistically, and further processed.​ ​Using the patient as 
the primary parameter and its associated patterns, predictive patterns are then deduced along 
with past remedial patterns, which may serve to provide for prescriptions or curative measures 
tailored for the individual. Once the remedial measures are deployed through trackable drug 
delivery or other means, the system can be integrated to capture the effect of the treatment so 
as to trace how well these strategies worked. Such information enriches the patient master and 
the knowledge base of the Expert system. 
The continuous data flow allows the deep learning aspect of the system to record and learn new 
patterns and consistently build successful patterns and store them in its memory, making this a 
dynamic learning platform. The congruency of the data structures in the Expert system and the 
Unified Patient Application facilitate pattern matching between both these systems. Based on 
its past successful pattern matching, it generates the most effective and feasible remedy (or 
choice of remedies), minimizing the likelihood of negative side effects. 
 
12 
 
 
 
13 
 
3. Data Collaboration and Security 
The Quahog Platform will act as the centralized processing unit for all data analysis and 
machine learning. For seamless analytical processing, data connectors will be available so that 
administrators can plug in data from external devices either through API calls or through a 
periodic scheduler. 
The current system expects the user to personally upload every medical information from their 
mobile application. For example, data collected as doctors' prescriptions, pathology/radiology 
reports, and food/drink intake are all collected explicitly from the patient. The patient can also 
sync the mobile app to external compatible devices to collect data implicitly. 
Data collected are stored or stacked together as a document (MongoDB) based on the patient 
profile information or app registration ID. The schema designed allows for instant mapping to 
its respective entities, which makes data available for instant analysis or as inputs to the 
learning module.  
The outputs of the learning model can be accessed via an API call to either display it on an 
application or as integrated to an automation system. This allows every application on the 
Quahog Platform to deliver insights or recommendations in run-time (meaning that when the 
data is collected, the platform can start to analyze and instantly generate outputs). 
Patient data collected is secured using advanced cryptographic technology (called 
'zero-knowledge proofs'), which requires patient authentication on the app to decrypt the file 
pertaining to the app ID. As the data document is organized by user id, and each document 
holds a unique key set, it is nearly impossible to get decrypt patient records​(the system 
emulates blockchain techniques). 
4 Applications  
The Quahog Platform will act as a hub for all data silos, as data is transformed to create 
individualized patient data and made available for downstream solutions analysis and machine 
learning.  
With advancing technologies, the resolution of medical-related issues is rapidly heading 
towards far better disease control and elimination.​ ​New patterns and/or pattern data can be 
obtained from the merging of output from nanotrackers (capable of capturing internal structure 
and functional patterns) with output from individualized dietary and medicine reporting (external 
data collection from wearables, test kits, and other sources).​ ​With the ever-increasing 
abundance of recorded data, the need for a centralized unit becomes much more critical. With 
innovative techniques of ​molecular manufacturing​,​ ​we are approaching a time wherein 
 
14 
 
personalized medicines can be​ ​manufactured at home​. ​Owing to its self-learning and pattern 
recognition capabilities, the Quahog Platform will be in a good position to upgrade in order to 
provide for this, too. 
Deep learning and pattern recognition are also critical for ​robotic surger​y applications, wherein 
motion patterns are recorded and must be repeated by robotics with much finer accuracy than 
conventional surgery can provide for. The personaized data the robotic surgeon records and 
processes before operating will also facilitate more successful outcomes. 
The illustration below shows how data collected from various point applications (apps or 
wearables, etc.) can be ​federated​, organized and processed, creating a single environment for 
informed personalized care:
 
 
At a high level, the platform can be employed for the following use cases:  
(1) Personalized Medicine 
(2) Machine Learning 
(3) Recommendations for Preventive Care  
 
15 
 
4.1 Personalized Medicine  
With access to the unified patient stack, personalizing medicine and other forms of health care 
become all the more feasible and simplified.​ Drugs and supplement doses​ can be based on the 
specific requirements of an individual patient, unlike today's generalization of medicinal 
substances. For example, if a standard dose of a medicine is too high for a particular patient, a 
precisely effective dosage can be prescribed instead. In other words, the dose does not have to 
be 50 mg (or any other standardized dose), but might instead be 39.5 mg, or some other 
customized dosage that does not require approximations. 
The Unified Patient Application would play a key role in Diet and Drug Personalization. To enable 
the capacity to personalize diet recommendations or drug composition, analytical models 
require holistic, individualized patient data in order to generate patient-centric outputs that offer 
personalized solutions. The preorganized patient stack simplifies the process of applying 
collaborative filtering or probabilistic attribution in order to recommend or predict outcomes and 
deliver true personalized care.  
What streamlines the process is that it collects data from sensors for a particular individual, 
whereafter the system compares the dynamics of the input string to the global string (the 
expected range within the human body) to determine whether the recommended substance and 
dosage will have a positive patient outcome. ​Recommendations can be optimized to the point 
where the composition of drugs, various herbs, vitamins or other nutrients can be approved 
subsequent to measuring data concerning internal damage and the expected benefits.
4.2 Machine Learning Use Cases 
The data organization within the data-stack allows for the rapid comparison of patterns. Pattern 
Detection is one of the key aspects that will be applicable to many features of cellular studies. 
This data organization creates the ideal circumstances for machine learning patterns within 
cellular behavioral data and for learning motion patterns that are detected during surgical 
procedures. 
 
 
16 
 
● Pattern Learning in Cellular Behavior ​- Mastering, learning and analyzing molecular 
behavior in cells requires a comprehensive understanding of the spatial and temporal 
relationships of given molecules. The unified schema allows for the transformation of 
data from various sensors to arrive at complete health patterns. The schema allows for 
n-dimensional analysis, and this can provide for pivoting at any molecular node to 
understand the cause and effect of a particular cellular behavior. 
● Pattern Learning for Invasive Repair​ - The same pattern-learning technique can be used 
to detect patterns in surgery processes, and to enable learning in robotic machines. With 
learned predictions, robotic surgeries can be far more well planned out, with better 
control of surgical procedures. 
Full Pattern Detection, composed from various micro patterns, allows users to develop effective 
repair strategies. Users can extract patterns across any dimension and visualize how and where 
repair techniques can be implemented. Some of the examples are listed below 
 
Example 1: ​Finding Unit Parameters that influence disruptions in cellular patterns leading to 
cell death 
Extracting full patterns to their unique unit 
parameters allowed us to understand the key 
areas of change that triggers a chain 
reaction leading to degradation. The 
hierarchy of events showed that all cellular 
errors are caused during replication, and are 
either directly or indirectly linked to gene 
mutation largely due to oxidative stress. 
These factors are responsible for either 
physical cell damage or premature cell 
senescence or a dysfunctional cell cycle 
(causing autoimmune or cancerous states), 
or programmed cell death (apoptosis and/or 
 
17 
 
too much autophagy). These types of cellular damage lead to organ failure and finally to 
death. ​Click here ​to see the full report  
 
Example 2: Detecting possible combinations that lead to tumor formation 
The inbuilt model helped us to extract 
patterns that lead to various tumor 
formations, which are among many types of 
mutations a cell can undergo. In our study, it 
was evident that for a cell to convert so that 
a mass of defective cells (tumor cells) 
formed, it is critical for growth promotion 
genes to over express and for tumor suppressor genes to under express​.​ ​Click here​ to see 
the full report. 
4.3 Recommendations for Preventive Care 
Although the body's repair systems are generally robust, there are times when they are 
overwhelmed if left to their own devices. Although periodic health checkups are extremely 
helpful, for most people, attaining and/or maintaining optimal health over a lifetime will require 
tracking and monitoring processes that provide personalized care information and remedies 
before the body is hindered by various types of damage, some of which are presently 
irreversible or are characterized by very slow recovery periods.​It is medically established that a 
factor​ promoting ​bodily aging is the accumulation of senescent cells.​ These cells not only lose 
functionality, but they also release toxins to their neighboring cells, so that nearby healthy cells 
can lose health stability sooner than they otherwise would. Tracking these inefficiencies and 
administering a sure, rapid solution (such as drugs or a combination of nutritional supplements 
and drugs) will be an expedient way to prevent the accumulation of senescent cells and their 
toxins, to thereby slow down the aging processes. 
Unfortunately, people tend to consult a doctor only when symptoms appear, and these 
symptoms are typically the result of a process that has been mounting, often undetected, over a 
period of time. Whereas, root causes can often be corrected by less aggressive means when 
 
18 
 
detected early enough. Quahog’s Body Monitoring App assists individuals with monitoring and 
remaining aware of their health issues, and allows them to take preventive measures when 
alerted to a signal that indicates even a slight deterioration in a given health pattern. Users are 
notified whenever there is a variant in one of their health patterns. Based on their pattern 
analysis, users get instant recommendations to resolve basic issues that could be mitigated or 
eliminated through a diet change or exercise routine. Users can share data with their doctors for 
collaborative resolution. With steady-state, up-to-date information, users can take precautionary 
measures and manage their health issues more effectively.  
 
The Quahog app gathers data from several integrated sources and unifies it for holistic analysis. 
The app receives data primarily from home testing devices (blood and urine), portable 
ultrasound devices, prescribed MRI Scan inputs, along with other essential data from lab 
reports. Although most periodic data derives from home kits, the user might have to visit a lab 
occasionally for other inputs that are not collected from portable instruments. The app also 
requests data concerning daily nutritional intake and exercise patterns; integrating them into the 
 
19 
 
user's unified stack. Historical data, such as prescriptions taken and reports can be scanned 
and uploaded into the app for patient data consolidation. 
It is a convenient strategy to take advantage of various medical devices and wearables. Daily 
checks on blood pressure, temperature, urine, blood and flow analysis, can yield very useful 
information regarding one’s health status. For example, a simple ​urine test home kit​ can detect 
abnormalities in urinary systems, kidney functions, liver and pancreatic functions, bacterial 
infections, acidosis/sepsis, advanced kidney, bladder or prostate cancer, nutrition conditions, 
dehydration and more. A handheld or ​wireless ultrasound probe​ can help detect the causes of 
pain, swelling, infection, and diagnose heart conditions and even obstructions in blood flow. 
The routine use of advanced nanomedical platforms, such as the VCSN (Vascular Cartographic 
Scanning Nanodevice) conceptualized by NanoApps Medical, Inc., in Vancouver, Canada, or the 
same company's Gastrointestinal Micro Scanning Device (GMSD), may, in the future, assist 
medical science to elucidate processes and failures at the molecular level and administer 
solutions to myriad health problems. Nanosensor-embedded wearables are being developed to 
detect pathogens and provide measures that help to avoid early-stage infections.  
Quahog makes it easy for users to always stay informed by connecting devices and obtaining 
accurate medical decisions on their mobile/smart devices, keeping them up-to-date at all times. 
For example, a feedback system invoking a urinalysis device reporting a positive ketone test, 
combined with a glucose monitor reporting high blood sugar levels, will be smart enough to 
advise a user to quickly drink plenty of water to flush away the ketones. Since untreated high 
blood glucose with positive ketones can lead to a life-threatening condition called diabetic 
ketoacidosis, it will be critical to test blood glucose every four hours and share data in real-time 
with the assisting doctor to keep the user free of complications.  
To manage and streamline the massive, ever-mounting health-related data, Quahog Life 
Sciences is developing a decision platform that allows users to connect devices and receive 
informed decisions on their mobile/smart devices, to keep users informed at all times. 
 
 
20 
 
Summary 
Quahog’s Unified Approach of bringing data together can make an enormous positive impact on 
the healthcare economy through preventive medicine. ​Patients will have less out-of-pocket 
expenses, avoid lost work time, and the costs of serious diseases and chronic conditions. 
Public hospitals will become less overburdened, and able to provide better care and 
management of disease control.  
 
The Quahog Platform is transformative, as it performs in the following ways: 
● Changes and upgrades the way patient analysis is performed. 
● Enhances the way doctors make decisions by empowering them with accuracy and 
speed. 
● Remains watchful of patient health by constantly monitoring to detect deviations. 
● Allows for the seamless and rapid flow of data recorded by various other medical 
devices.  
● Constantly deepens its learning from new patterns. 
The Quahog Platform’s ability to output multi-dimensional decisions makes it applicable across 
every healthcare avenue, including pharmaceutical research, drug discovery, patient care in 
doctor's offices, clinics and hospitals, and self-help home care. 
About Quahog Life Sciences 
Based on the principles of “Predict, Maintain and Repair,” Quahog Life Sciences' primary 
objective is to implement healthcare extension programs. By constantly monitoring body 
performance, we can predict risks, and when found, administer maintenance measures and 
introduce fall-back repair plans in cases where risks are otherwise unmanageable. Optimizing 
bodily performance can be expected to increase the average human lifespan to 150+ years, in 
contrast to the current expected average. 
Our approach to solving many of the problems of misdiagnosis / countless needless deaths and 
the increasing burdens on the healthcare industry may broadly be classified as: 
 
21 
 
Prevention:​ Monitoring health data regularly and predicting possible scenarios will help us to 
prevent cascading patient effects. The Quahog Platform is designed to record data through the 
integration of medical devices (wearables and home kits, etc.) in order to collect periodic data 
and continuously provide insights through deep learning, and provide expert recommendations 
so as to help patients prevent diseases as well as maintain and optimize their health. 
Repair:​ For conditions that have passed the threshold or genetically induced diseases, our 
developing solutions include nanomedicine-assisted drug deliveries for genetic repair. We view 
human bodily processes as having machine-like automation, and we are confident that cellular 
and systemic breakdowns can be returned to healthy, normal functionality with suitable 
strategies.  
We are looking forward to developing high-precision healthcare devices that act in the best 
interest of users to diagnose diseases and optimize remedial care.
 

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Unified Medical Data Platform focused on Accuracy

  • 1.     Unified Medical Data Platform for Highly  Accurate Diagnosis, Predictions and  Prescriptions    An AI-based Decision Platform built using unified data model, incorporating systems  biology topics for unit analysis using semi-supervised learning models    Authors  Veerendra, Dr. Kannan Mavila, Dr. Arjun Rajagopalan, Frank Boehm, Margaret Morris,   ©​ ​March 15th, 2018​, ​Quahog Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India      Quahog Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India 
  • 2. 1    Contents  Introduction 2  QuahogLife Integrated Environment 4  1. Expert System 6  1a. Conceptual Data Model 6  1b. Machine Learning 10  3. Data Collaboration 13  Applications 13  Personalized Medicine 14  Machine Learning Use cases 15  Recommendations for Preventive Care 16  Summary 18  About Quahog Life Sciences 19       
  • 3. 2    Introduction  Today's healthcare decisions are not completely foolproof in that they can lead to fatal errors.  Statistics show that an estimated 850,000 ​medical errors​ occur each year, costing over £2  billion. Each year in the U.S., approximately 12 million adults who seek outpatient medical care  are misdiagnosed, according to a ​new study published​. The third most deadly killers of  Americans are medical errors, accounting for more than 250,000 deaths each year, according to  the ​analysis​. These medical errors arising from incomplete or inaccurate analysis could have  easily been prevented. Therefore, it is critical to understand why misdiagnoses occur; and the  problem requires careful evaluation of diagnostic systems and processes. Uncovering and  remediating flaws in existing techniques can greatly reduce the risks associated with  misdiagnoses.  Erroneous healthcare decisions often result from the lack of data in relevant areas, due to  compartmentalization stemming from patient data lying in silos and historical data not being  available for analysis by qualified diagnosticians. In other words, the problem involves data  compartmentalization and/or for the failure of data to be proactively shared with those in the  best position to make the best use of it.​ This fosters a pattern of highly assumptive decisions  and a high potential for erroneous heuristic analysis.  The abundance of wearables and other devices capable of collecting diagnostic data should  reduce the risk of such oversights. Although this type of data increase should be favorable for  analyzing patient data, it also adds additional silos, and with them hurdles for realizing this  opportunity. The problems are further complicated by the lack of universal data tagging  between sources and precise definitions for what is being collected. Re-orchestrating the  collection and categorization of patient data to optimize visibility and availability of such data is  an opportunity that must not be overlooked. It would facilitate the ability to analyze patient data  holistically. Preadministration of data tagging could reduce compatibility issues in measuring  and categorizing such data. Siloed data could then be merged from their source and tagged  automatically without requiring and manual post processing.  An important goal of next-generation health care is to provide a platform to ensure that every  user is ​up-to-date​ of his or her bodily functions so that they may be alerted to deviations. This  would minimize the negative impact of prolonged neglect and support the agile restoration of   
  • 4. 3    normalcy. Providing meaningful alerts and recommendations for even the smallest possible  detectable deviation furthers the benefits. For example, nano-trackers capable of real-time  analysis of blood, urine and saliva may be able to predict and recommend dietary or  pharmaceutical measures prior to the development of debilitating patient symptoms, allowing  patients to self-correct. Such early detection and resolution may be used to clear the patient’s  system of defects; the accumulation of such defects is hypothesized to be the main reason for  ageing. Quick external resolution also reduces the load on the immune system, thereby  increasing the patients’ potential longevity.  Advancing health care to meet this goal requires AI-assisted decision systems that are capable  of detecting patterns (by performing health diagnostics) and providing recommendations  (based on additional testing, habit transformation, treatments, etc.) quickly and accurately from  the data of home medical devices, test results and other data sources.  Seamless data flows within such a system and its integrated sources will allow for machine  learning to uncover the myriad patterns derived from a multitude of patients. This presents an  opportunity to use deep learning to develop unparalleled medical expertise within an intelligent  system. In order to rapidly make precise medical decisions, such a system will require two  major components:  1. A Patient Master or single version of truth (SVOT) for patient data. This greatly  1 facilitates the creation of patient-centric data stacks which include historical patient  data collected across multiple devices, test results, prescription regiments, treatment  history and the like. Robust patient-centric data enables holistic analysis required to  increase detection and prediction potential of the second component.  2. An Expert System – A decision engine capable of outputting every possible pathway or  process within the human body. When patient data is recorded, it is stored within the  patient’s data stack (as a pattern) that is passed to this Expert system for pattern  matching and deviation detection. The Expert system then uses the resulting patterns  and deviations to determine cause and output one or more solutions to return the  pattern to equilibrium (i.e. a treatment recommendation).  Notice that the first component is analogous to the patient profile as kept by a traditional  doctor’s office, except that the profile is enhanced by data merged from every type of doctor  1 ​Single version of truth or SVOT is a technical concept in computerized management essentially meaning  a single Centralized Database.   
  • 5. 4    that the patient may visit, and it also contains the results of every test taken by the patient and is  being continuously augmented with updated data from patient borne sensors. This greatly  enriched patient profile can dramatically reduce misdiagnosis due to lacking or siloed data. The  second component is analogous of the feedback loop between the patient and the doctor  except that it is not limited to the frequency and duration of traditional doctor appointments.  Nor is it necessarily reliant on the patient to first detect the symptom, then seek diagnostics.  This type of feedback loop can greatly reduce misdiagnoses due to poor, infrequent and/or lack  of patient-doctor communication. It is also likely that the combination of early detection and  continuous monitoring of treatments and responses will reduce the severity of disorders, the  need to resort to drastic treatments ​and the risk of a mistreatment and its progression.  Developing a system as described above would address issues in the collection, consolidation,  and categorization of patient data and the flow of that data to the experts and systems in the  best position to make use of it. Using it for deep learning related to homeostasis and its  deviations creates opportunities to advance the speed and accuracy of current diagnostic and  prescriptive capabilities. This can provide for more accurate and earlier diagnoses that can  often prevent illnesses, and it affords more accurately selected treatments and more speed in  the detection of treatment complications.  QuahogLife Integrated Environment  The QuahogLife Platform manages life-long patient data. Managing patient data involves far  more than just the unified storage of patient data collected and united from all available  sources. It also requires outputting individual health patterns, effects, insights and other  knowledge that is useful for predicting and prescribing effective remedies. In order to facilitate  the required data transformation and otherwise achieve these objectives, the integrated  platform houses three core modules that operate in tandem: an Expert System (ExS), a Unified  Patient Application (UPA) and Data Connectors.  The graphic below illustrates the integration of the three modules along with the data flow.   (1) The Data Connectors collect data either from medical devices (analogous to pathology  laboratories). Connectors for devices, including mobile apps, nano-trackers and other cellular  testing methods, push data to the Unified Patient Application module (2) for organization. The   
  • 6. 5    organized stack is then passed to the Expert System module (3) for learning and inference. ​Its  outputs are collected back to the Unified Patient Application to update patient records.    Data are organized by patient (each of whom is assigned a unique ID), and pushed to the Expert  System where it will be analyzed for deviations from the healthy patterns established earlier.  Detected deviations (useful data that contribute to the model) trigger the diagnostic and  treatment process. Feedback from treatment monitoring is also made available to the system to  refine both the treatment schedule and the overall model. ​QuahogLife is able to continuously  improve its ability to detect and remediate abnormalities at large and predict specific responses  of individuals while ensuring robust and up-to-date patient profiles are kept.  The mechanics are cyclical. ​Data are continuously being collected, processed and analyzed to  discover patterns.​ ​The patterns are also characterized as being indicative of one’s state of  health, it’s improvements or areas of deterioration and many other key indicators.​ This new and  useful information mined from raw data is called insights. ​Pattern recognition and probabilistic  attribution applied to patterns, their deviations and developed insights account for decisioning  related to detection and diagnosis.​ ​Much or this process is managed by the Expert system  component, described in greater detail below.  
  • 7. 6    1. Expert System  The learning and decisioning aspects of the Quahog Life Science Platform resides in its Expert  system. This module houses all of the necessary parameters for the optimal functionality of the  human body. For example, the Expert system stores information on optimal blood pressure, and  maintains a knowledge base of millions of blood pressure reading patterns seeded by past  research and augmented by new learning. It holds optimal range data for every pattern,  including anomalous patterns discovered in healthy, long-lived people.   When paired with patient date from the Unified Patient Application, our Expert system emulates  doctor-patient interactions wherein the patient provides input about symptoms and the doctor  orders tests, the results of which are used by the doctor to determine a course of action or  prescribe a remedy. The Expert System can be compared to the doctor, in that the system has  the data (knowledge) relative to performance ranges for each potential pathway, which can  readily detect abnormal values while comparing inputs from the Unified Patient Stack (the latter  of which can be compared to the patient).   The Expert System employs a hierarchical unified schema as its learning network. The schema  design facilitates pattern detection and recommendation selection for remediation at great  speeds and with great accuracy. The logic behind the data model that make this possible is  described in the section below. 1.1 Conceptual Data Model   The Quahog unified data model incorporates the scientific principle of Systems Biology to  accomplish unit analysis that utilizes semi-supervised learning models. The following is an  extract of the way the Institute for Systems Biology, in Seattle, summarizes Systems Biology: It is a holistic approach to deciphering the complexity of biological systems that starts from the understanding that the networks that form the whole of living organisms are more than the sum of their parts. It is collaborative, integrating many scientific disciplines – biology, computer science, engineering, bioinformatics, physics and others – to predict how these systems change over time and under varying conditions, and to develop solutions to the world’s most pressing health and environmental issues.  
  • 8. 7    https://www.systemsbiology.org/about/what-is-systems-biology/ In other words, the conceptual data model used in the Expert system is designed using the  concepts of systems biology. As in chemical biology, changes in the micro patterns influence  macro patterns, making it important to build a relationship graph of molecules to aid analysis.  This graph architecture allows users to cluster molecules based either by their properties,  functions or responses by sorting relationships between the molecules.  Hence, to model an entire cell, multiple molecular pathways must be integrated to order to  analyze the macro causes and effects that cell can undergo or express. To model a particular  cell, we designed a conceptual data model in which the cell is classified by its functional units.  Relationships between these functional units were extracted based on their involvement in all  pathways cataloged by the KEGG Pathway Database . In this way, a new database of all the 2 unique entities and their pathway relationships was developed to facilitate the visualization of  the spatial and temporal dynamics of both receptors and the components during signaling and  activation.   This network was enhanced by connecting other important databases (including, but not limited  to, genomics, epigenomics, transcriptome, protein, and all others) to better understand the  influence of such components on signaling pathways. This integrated network will assist with  visualizing any/all patterns and parameters that influence changes in a specific pathway from  multiple dimensions. An example is visualizing the influence of cellular metabolites in signaling  and epigenetic regulation, and/or the initiation of TF-driven gene expression.  This network of unique cellular components and their definitions form a unique cell. Over 200  such unique cell nodes have been created, forming a layer with cell definitions based on  variations of their properties and functionalities. This cellular layer forms a tissue layer, which  forms an organ layer, with relationships to the 13 distinct macro functions of the human body.  Traditional analysis is top-to-bottom, starting with macro factors such as symptoms that can be  linked to a certain disease that may affects a particular organ. The bottom-to-top approach,  described herein, goes beyond diagnoses involving symptoms indicative of specific ailments by  uncovering the underlying relationships between those organs, their components and their  collective mechanics of the underlying systems. With the integration of a disease database, this  2 ​KEGG​ Pathway Database – ​Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes​ Pathway Database   
  • 9. 8    methodology can extract the most probable cause of a disease at its lowest levels. The diagram  below shows the network for how different topics are connected at different layers.    
  • 10. 9      The graphic from KEGG shows the linkages between various metabolic pathways.  
  • 11. 10    1.2 Machine Learning  Building the underlying network described above is essential, and the network is complex.  However, machine learning techniques designed to measure similarities between related  objects are capable of doing so. New connections are created as dynamic relationships  extracted between similar labels or keywords are uncovered by the learner. For example, using  an exact keyword match, relationships are automatically created for every unique label across  data sources, eliminating the risks of manual tagging and associated errors. This relationship  strength between the unique labels are updated with a certain weight every time an association  is detected in a unique pattern. Using a temporal sequence of activities within a signaling  routine, patterns are generated.   These patterns are then compared with user input patterns for matching, predicting scenarios,  analyzing individual patterns and even analyzing the unknown targets in a specific pattern, using  machine reasoning techniques. This simplifies the matter of identifying all associated  influences, and the process can be used to apply probabilistic attribution to understand the  various degrees of attribution for each influencing parameter. With patterns available for  reference, the learning engine can rapidly match input patterns and also learn from new  relationship patterns that were not previously recorded.  The knowledge base utilized by the Expert system is enriched by two learning processes. The  goal of the first is to acquire knowledge about optimal versus non-optimal molecular behaviors.  The goal of the other is to derive patterns from the raw data. As learning progresses, the Expert  systems ability to predict and prescribe more rapidly and accurately also increases.  Semi-supervised learning techniques are used for schema editing and target variable  configuration. Classification, clustering, auto-sequencing and matching are carried out with  unsupervised learning algorithms.  2. Unified Patient Application  The Unified Patient Application is the single version of truth, or patient master for the Quahog  Life Science Platform; collecting patient data from all available sources, optimizing its structure  and curating medical history. The patient data set acts as a memory file following the same   
  • 12. 11    schema of the Expert System, facilitating its ability to rapidly provide input as required and  receive new information (from the Expert System, etc.) to be recorded as part of a patient’s  updated medical history.  The rise and proliferation of connected devices includes those collecting health and fitness data  on patients. It can be expected that, over time, such data will become more readily available.  Data streaming just-in-time from wearables and medical devices, and the capture of digitized  reports, records and treatment schedules, are increasingly more valuable for producing holistic,  individualized medical histories.  Incorporating an individual's adherence, drifts or anomalies in global patterns into their record is  also important. That way, newly detected deviations may be extracted as key influencers of  particular patterns, characterized probabilistically, and further processed.​ ​Using the patient as  the primary parameter and its associated patterns, predictive patterns are then deduced along  with past remedial patterns, which may serve to provide for prescriptions or curative measures  tailored for the individual. Once the remedial measures are deployed through trackable drug  delivery or other means, the system can be integrated to capture the effect of the treatment so  as to trace how well these strategies worked. Such information enriches the patient master and  the knowledge base of the Expert system.  The continuous data flow allows the deep learning aspect of the system to record and learn new  patterns and consistently build successful patterns and store them in its memory, making this a  dynamic learning platform. The congruency of the data structures in the Expert system and the  Unified Patient Application facilitate pattern matching between both these systems. Based on  its past successful pattern matching, it generates the most effective and feasible remedy (or  choice of remedies), minimizing the likelihood of negative side effects.   
  • 14. 13    3. Data Collaboration and Security  The Quahog Platform will act as the centralized processing unit for all data analysis and  machine learning. For seamless analytical processing, data connectors will be available so that  administrators can plug in data from external devices either through API calls or through a  periodic scheduler.  The current system expects the user to personally upload every medical information from their  mobile application. For example, data collected as doctors' prescriptions, pathology/radiology  reports, and food/drink intake are all collected explicitly from the patient. The patient can also  sync the mobile app to external compatible devices to collect data implicitly.  Data collected are stored or stacked together as a document (MongoDB) based on the patient  profile information or app registration ID. The schema designed allows for instant mapping to  its respective entities, which makes data available for instant analysis or as inputs to the  learning module.   The outputs of the learning model can be accessed via an API call to either display it on an  application or as integrated to an automation system. This allows every application on the  Quahog Platform to deliver insights or recommendations in run-time (meaning that when the  data is collected, the platform can start to analyze and instantly generate outputs).  Patient data collected is secured using advanced cryptographic technology (called  'zero-knowledge proofs'), which requires patient authentication on the app to decrypt the file  pertaining to the app ID. As the data document is organized by user id, and each document  holds a unique key set, it is nearly impossible to get decrypt patient records​(the system  emulates blockchain techniques).  4 Applications   The Quahog Platform will act as a hub for all data silos, as data is transformed to create  individualized patient data and made available for downstream solutions analysis and machine  learning.   With advancing technologies, the resolution of medical-related issues is rapidly heading  towards far better disease control and elimination.​ ​New patterns and/or pattern data can be  obtained from the merging of output from nanotrackers (capable of capturing internal structure  and functional patterns) with output from individualized dietary and medicine reporting (external  data collection from wearables, test kits, and other sources).​ ​With the ever-increasing  abundance of recorded data, the need for a centralized unit becomes much more critical. With  innovative techniques of ​molecular manufacturing​,​ ​we are approaching a time wherein   
  • 15. 14    personalized medicines can be​ ​manufactured at home​. ​Owing to its self-learning and pattern  recognition capabilities, the Quahog Platform will be in a good position to upgrade in order to  provide for this, too.  Deep learning and pattern recognition are also critical for ​robotic surger​y applications, wherein  motion patterns are recorded and must be repeated by robotics with much finer accuracy than  conventional surgery can provide for. The personaized data the robotic surgeon records and  processes before operating will also facilitate more successful outcomes.  The illustration below shows how data collected from various point applications (apps or  wearables, etc.) can be ​federated​, organized and processed, creating a single environment for  informed personalized care:     At a high level, the platform can be employed for the following use cases:   (1) Personalized Medicine  (2) Machine Learning  (3) Recommendations for Preventive Care    
  • 16. 15    4.1 Personalized Medicine   With access to the unified patient stack, personalizing medicine and other forms of health care  become all the more feasible and simplified.​ Drugs and supplement doses​ can be based on the  specific requirements of an individual patient, unlike today's generalization of medicinal  substances. For example, if a standard dose of a medicine is too high for a particular patient, a  precisely effective dosage can be prescribed instead. In other words, the dose does not have to  be 50 mg (or any other standardized dose), but might instead be 39.5 mg, or some other  customized dosage that does not require approximations.  The Unified Patient Application would play a key role in Diet and Drug Personalization. To enable  the capacity to personalize diet recommendations or drug composition, analytical models  require holistic, individualized patient data in order to generate patient-centric outputs that offer  personalized solutions. The preorganized patient stack simplifies the process of applying  collaborative filtering or probabilistic attribution in order to recommend or predict outcomes and  deliver true personalized care.   What streamlines the process is that it collects data from sensors for a particular individual,  whereafter the system compares the dynamics of the input string to the global string (the  expected range within the human body) to determine whether the recommended substance and  dosage will have a positive patient outcome. ​Recommendations can be optimized to the point  where the composition of drugs, various herbs, vitamins or other nutrients can be approved  subsequent to measuring data concerning internal damage and the expected benefits. 4.2 Machine Learning Use Cases  The data organization within the data-stack allows for the rapid comparison of patterns. Pattern  Detection is one of the key aspects that will be applicable to many features of cellular studies.  This data organization creates the ideal circumstances for machine learning patterns within  cellular behavioral data and for learning motion patterns that are detected during surgical  procedures.     
  • 17. 16    ● Pattern Learning in Cellular Behavior ​- Mastering, learning and analyzing molecular  behavior in cells requires a comprehensive understanding of the spatial and temporal  relationships of given molecules. The unified schema allows for the transformation of  data from various sensors to arrive at complete health patterns. The schema allows for  n-dimensional analysis, and this can provide for pivoting at any molecular node to  understand the cause and effect of a particular cellular behavior.  ● Pattern Learning for Invasive Repair​ - The same pattern-learning technique can be used  to detect patterns in surgery processes, and to enable learning in robotic machines. With  learned predictions, robotic surgeries can be far more well planned out, with better  control of surgical procedures.  Full Pattern Detection, composed from various micro patterns, allows users to develop effective  repair strategies. Users can extract patterns across any dimension and visualize how and where  repair techniques can be implemented. Some of the examples are listed below    Example 1: ​Finding Unit Parameters that influence disruptions in cellular patterns leading to  cell death  Extracting full patterns to their unique unit  parameters allowed us to understand the key  areas of change that triggers a chain  reaction leading to degradation. The  hierarchy of events showed that all cellular  errors are caused during replication, and are  either directly or indirectly linked to gene  mutation largely due to oxidative stress.  These factors are responsible for either  physical cell damage or premature cell  senescence or a dysfunctional cell cycle  (causing autoimmune or cancerous states),  or programmed cell death (apoptosis and/or   
  • 18. 17    too much autophagy). These types of cellular damage lead to organ failure and finally to  death. ​Click here ​to see the full report     Example 2: Detecting possible combinations that lead to tumor formation  The inbuilt model helped us to extract  patterns that lead to various tumor  formations, which are among many types of  mutations a cell can undergo. In our study, it  was evident that for a cell to convert so that  a mass of defective cells (tumor cells)  formed, it is critical for growth promotion  genes to over express and for tumor suppressor genes to under express​.​ ​Click here​ to see  the full report.  4.3 Recommendations for Preventive Care  Although the body's repair systems are generally robust, there are times when they are  overwhelmed if left to their own devices. Although periodic health checkups are extremely  helpful, for most people, attaining and/or maintaining optimal health over a lifetime will require  tracking and monitoring processes that provide personalized care information and remedies  before the body is hindered by various types of damage, some of which are presently  irreversible or are characterized by very slow recovery periods.​It is medically established that a  factor​ promoting ​bodily aging is the accumulation of senescent cells.​ These cells not only lose  functionality, but they also release toxins to their neighboring cells, so that nearby healthy cells  can lose health stability sooner than they otherwise would. Tracking these inefficiencies and  administering a sure, rapid solution (such as drugs or a combination of nutritional supplements  and drugs) will be an expedient way to prevent the accumulation of senescent cells and their  toxins, to thereby slow down the aging processes.  Unfortunately, people tend to consult a doctor only when symptoms appear, and these  symptoms are typically the result of a process that has been mounting, often undetected, over a  period of time. Whereas, root causes can often be corrected by less aggressive means when   
  • 19. 18    detected early enough. Quahog’s Body Monitoring App assists individuals with monitoring and  remaining aware of their health issues, and allows them to take preventive measures when  alerted to a signal that indicates even a slight deterioration in a given health pattern. Users are  notified whenever there is a variant in one of their health patterns. Based on their pattern  analysis, users get instant recommendations to resolve basic issues that could be mitigated or  eliminated through a diet change or exercise routine. Users can share data with their doctors for  collaborative resolution. With steady-state, up-to-date information, users can take precautionary  measures and manage their health issues more effectively.     The Quahog app gathers data from several integrated sources and unifies it for holistic analysis.  The app receives data primarily from home testing devices (blood and urine), portable  ultrasound devices, prescribed MRI Scan inputs, along with other essential data from lab  reports. Although most periodic data derives from home kits, the user might have to visit a lab  occasionally for other inputs that are not collected from portable instruments. The app also  requests data concerning daily nutritional intake and exercise patterns; integrating them into the   
  • 20. 19    user's unified stack. Historical data, such as prescriptions taken and reports can be scanned  and uploaded into the app for patient data consolidation.  It is a convenient strategy to take advantage of various medical devices and wearables. Daily  checks on blood pressure, temperature, urine, blood and flow analysis, can yield very useful  information regarding one’s health status. For example, a simple ​urine test home kit​ can detect  abnormalities in urinary systems, kidney functions, liver and pancreatic functions, bacterial  infections, acidosis/sepsis, advanced kidney, bladder or prostate cancer, nutrition conditions,  dehydration and more. A handheld or ​wireless ultrasound probe​ can help detect the causes of  pain, swelling, infection, and diagnose heart conditions and even obstructions in blood flow.  The routine use of advanced nanomedical platforms, such as the VCSN (Vascular Cartographic  Scanning Nanodevice) conceptualized by NanoApps Medical, Inc., in Vancouver, Canada, or the  same company's Gastrointestinal Micro Scanning Device (GMSD), may, in the future, assist  medical science to elucidate processes and failures at the molecular level and administer  solutions to myriad health problems. Nanosensor-embedded wearables are being developed to  detect pathogens and provide measures that help to avoid early-stage infections.   Quahog makes it easy for users to always stay informed by connecting devices and obtaining  accurate medical decisions on their mobile/smart devices, keeping them up-to-date at all times.  For example, a feedback system invoking a urinalysis device reporting a positive ketone test,  combined with a glucose monitor reporting high blood sugar levels, will be smart enough to  advise a user to quickly drink plenty of water to flush away the ketones. Since untreated high  blood glucose with positive ketones can lead to a life-threatening condition called diabetic  ketoacidosis, it will be critical to test blood glucose every four hours and share data in real-time  with the assisting doctor to keep the user free of complications.   To manage and streamline the massive, ever-mounting health-related data, Quahog Life  Sciences is developing a decision platform that allows users to connect devices and receive  informed decisions on their mobile/smart devices, to keep users informed at all times.     
  • 21. 20    Summary  Quahog’s Unified Approach of bringing data together can make an enormous positive impact on  the healthcare economy through preventive medicine. ​Patients will have less out-of-pocket  expenses, avoid lost work time, and the costs of serious diseases and chronic conditions.  Public hospitals will become less overburdened, and able to provide better care and  management of disease control.     The Quahog Platform is transformative, as it performs in the following ways:  ● Changes and upgrades the way patient analysis is performed.  ● Enhances the way doctors make decisions by empowering them with accuracy and  speed.  ● Remains watchful of patient health by constantly monitoring to detect deviations.  ● Allows for the seamless and rapid flow of data recorded by various other medical  devices.   ● Constantly deepens its learning from new patterns.  The Quahog Platform’s ability to output multi-dimensional decisions makes it applicable across  every healthcare avenue, including pharmaceutical research, drug discovery, patient care in  doctor's offices, clinics and hospitals, and self-help home care.  About Quahog Life Sciences  Based on the principles of “Predict, Maintain and Repair,” Quahog Life Sciences' primary  objective is to implement healthcare extension programs. By constantly monitoring body  performance, we can predict risks, and when found, administer maintenance measures and  introduce fall-back repair plans in cases where risks are otherwise unmanageable. Optimizing  bodily performance can be expected to increase the average human lifespan to 150+ years, in  contrast to the current expected average.  Our approach to solving many of the problems of misdiagnosis / countless needless deaths and  the increasing burdens on the healthcare industry may broadly be classified as:   
  • 22. 21    Prevention:​ Monitoring health data regularly and predicting possible scenarios will help us to  prevent cascading patient effects. The Quahog Platform is designed to record data through the  integration of medical devices (wearables and home kits, etc.) in order to collect periodic data  and continuously provide insights through deep learning, and provide expert recommendations  so as to help patients prevent diseases as well as maintain and optimize their health.  Repair:​ For conditions that have passed the threshold or genetically induced diseases, our  developing solutions include nanomedicine-assisted drug deliveries for genetic repair. We view  human bodily processes as having machine-like automation, and we are confident that cellular  and systemic breakdowns can be returned to healthy, normal functionality with suitable  strategies.   We are looking forward to developing high-precision healthcare devices that act in the best  interest of users to diagnose diseases and optimize remedial care.