The document discusses the discipline of counseling. It defines counseling as a relationship that applies psychological theories and communication skills to help clients with concerns, problems or life decisions. Counseling aims to guide clients through difficult life stages by exploring issues, setting goals, and empowering them to make changes. The counseling process involves developing trust, exploring problems, setting goals, taking action, maintaining changes, and eventually ending the relationship as the client gains independence. Principles of effective counseling include listening, empathy, clarification, and respecting client autonomy.

1. Discipline
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2. Life Performance
Outcome
I am a mindful, self-directed learner and role
model consciously expressing my faith.

3. Essential
Performance
Outcome
Explain the factors that generally affect their
decisions and actions, and assess the
consequences they produce.

4. Intended
Learning
Outcome
Explain the factors that generally affect in
the counseling process and assess the
consequences they produce.

5. Quick Sharing
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6. • Think of a time in your life when you felt you
were in crisis.
• What constituted that crisis?
• Who did you approach during those trying
moments?
• What did he/she do to solve the crisis or to
find alternative solutions?
• Did seeking help relieve you from the crisis?

7. Discipline of
Counseling
https://youtu.be/mW2Fadfbz5s

8. • It is a relationship characterized by the
application of one or more
psychological counseling theories
recognized set of communication
skills appropriate to a client’s intimate
concerns, problems or aspirations
(Feltham and Dryden 2004)

9. • Process of guiding a person during a
stage of life when reassessments or
decisions have to be made about himself
or his life course (Collins Dictionary of
Sociology)

10. • Counselors are professionally
trained and certified to
perform counseling.

11. • Marriage, family, youth, students, life
transitions (issues of loss and death,
retirement, divorce, parenting, bankruptcy)

12. • Heart of the guidance
services in schools
• Two sides: individual or
group who needs help
and a mature
professionally trained
counselor

13. • Psychometrics deals with
the design, administration,
administration, and
interpretation of
quantitative tests for the
measurement of
psychological variables
such as intelligence,
aptitude, interests, and
personality traits.

14. Context and Basic
Concepts of
Counseling
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15. Peers as Context
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• Friends’ attitudes,
norms and behaviors
have strong influence.
• Parent influence

16. Neighborhood as
Context
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• Interaction between
family and
neighborhood
• Sense of collaboration
• Can introduce strengths
or challenges

17. Culture as Context
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• Culture and family affect the
individual
• Source of norms, values,
symbols, and language which
provide basis of normal
functioning

18. Counseling as Context
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• National Institute of
Health recognizes
counseling itself as a
context
• This contribute to the
success of engagement

19. Client Factors
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• Everything that a client brings to
counseling context
• Expectations and attitude of the client define the
result of a counseling process and experience

20. Counselor Factors
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• Personality, skills, and personal qualities of
counselor
• Personal style and qualities can make interventions
successful
• Methods used

21. Process Factors
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• Developing trust
• Exploring problem areas
• Helping to set goals
• Empowering into action
• Helping to maintain change
• Agreeing when to end the helping relationship

22. Developing trust
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This involves providing
warmth, genuineness,
and empathy

23. Exploring problem areas
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Providing a clear and deep
analysis of what the
problem is, where it comes
from, what triggers it, and
why it may have developed

24. Helping to set goals
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Involves setting and
managing goal-
directed inventions

25. Empowering into action
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Fostering action to
achieve set goals

26. Helping to maintain
change
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Providing support and
other techniques to
enable the client to
maintain changes

27. Agreeing when to end
the helping relationship
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The process is being
directed by the client
and toward
independence

28. Goals of Counseling
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29. • Lead an individual or group to self-
emancipation to a felt problem
• Attain insight and understanding of
oneself
• Achieve better self-awareness
• Increased self-acceptance
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30. Principles of
Counseling
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31. Advice
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• Advice-giving
• Makes judgements
• Lays out options

32. Reassurance
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• Giving courage or
confidence to face the
problem
• It can bring sense of
relief

33. Release of Emotional
Tension
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• Release from pent-up
frustrations
• Explaining concerns
• Remove mental blocks

34. Clarified Thinking
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• Logical emotional release
• Encourages client to take
responsibility for
problems

35. Reorientation
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• Change in client’s
emotional self
• Change in basic goals
and aspirations

36. Listening Skills
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• Good listening helps
counselors to understand
the concerns being
presented

37. Respect
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• Clients must be treated
with respect no matter
how peculiar, strange,
disturbed, weird or utterly
different they are from the
counselor

38. Empathy and Positive
Regard
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• Empathy – listen and
understand the feelings
and perspective of client
• Aspect of respect

39. Clarification,
confrontation and
interpretation
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• Clarification and
confrontation – restate what
the client is saying
• Interpretation – advanced
principle for intervention

40. Transference and
Countertransference
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• Understanding important aspects
of emotional life

41. Core values of
counseling
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42. • Respect for human dignity
• Partnership
• Autonomy
• Responsible caring
• Personal integrity
• Social justice
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43. Activity
• Name different life situations or life events
when a person might need to seek the help
of a professional counselor. List down as
many as you can.
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