The document discusses the concept of ethics. It provides definitions of ethics from various sources, noting that ethics deals with concepts of right and wrong, moral duty and obligations. It discusses ethics as applying to human behavior and choice. The document outlines the purpose of ethical reflections as gathering information, identifying issues, constructing arguments, generating options, and evaluating outcomes. It also discusses characteristics of moral standards, business ethics, mediating between moral demands and interests, and duty ethics in the business environment.

1. The word ethics derived from the Greek word “ethos”, which
refers to character, guiding beliefs, standards or ideals that
pervade (encompass) a group, community of people. All
individuals are accountable to their community for their
behaviour.
Webster: “Ethics is the discipline dealing with what is good
and bad, with moral duty and obligations”.
Peter F. Drucker : “There is only one ethics, one set of rules
morality, one code: that of individual behaviour in which the
same rules apply to everyone alike”.
Philip W. Wright: “Ethics is a branch of philosophy which is
the systematic study of selective choice of the standards of
right and wrong by which it may be ultimately directed.
ETHICAL REFLECTIONS

2. •The concept of ethics is applied to human beings only
as they have freedom of choice and means of free will.
•Experts were of the opinion that ethics is more a science
than an art.
•It is about moral behaviour and human conduct.
•The of ethics is a normative science. It is a search for an
ideal litmus test of proper behaviour.
Nature of Ethical
Reflections

3. Purpose of Ethical
Reflections
•To gather the necessary information to understand the
situation fully.
•To identify the ethical issues and frame the ethical
questions that are raised by the issues.
•Construct the ethical arguments and counter-arguments
that answer the ethical questions posed.
•Generate a range of options for action and test each
option using the ethical criteria developed in the analysis.
•Address the practical problem by selecting the option for
action that best addresses the combined practical and
ethical issues raised.
•Evaluate the outcomes of the decision and adjust future
responses accordingly.

4. What is Ethics
Aristotle conceived of the term 'ethics' as a way of
examining the moral thought of his teacher Plato,
and Plato's contemporary Socrates. Wishing to
keep a simple definition, Aristotle conceived of
ethics as the moral and behavioural ideal of the
way in which human life is conducted.

5. Moral Behaviour
To act according to ones moral values and
standards.
•Speak the truth.
• Be careful with what you say and do to others.
• Respect the property of others.
•Treat people in need or distress as we would want
to be treated if our situation were reversed.

6. Characterstics of Moral
Standards
•Moral standards involve serious wrongs or
significant benefits. ...
•Moral Standards ought to be preferred to other
values.
•Moral standards are not established by authority
figures.
•Moral standards have the trait of universalability.
•Moral Standards are based on Impartial
consideration.

7. Business Ethics
Implementing appropriate business policies and
practices with regard to arguably controversial
subjects.
7 Business Ethics:-
(i) Politics without Principles (ii) Wealth without Work
(iii) Commerce without Morality (iv) Knowledge
without Character (v) Pleasure without Conscience
(vi) Science without Humanity (vii) Worship without
Sacrifice.

8. Mediating between
moral Demand and
Interest

9. Mediating between
moral Demand and
Interest

10. Relative Autonomy of
Business Morality
Morality:-
Principles concerning the distinction between right
and wrong or good and bad behaviour.

11. Relative Autonomy of
Business Morality

12. Studies in Business
Ethics

13. Studies in Business
Ethics

14. Studies in Business
Ethics

15. Theory of Voluntary
Mediation

16. Principles of Mediation

17. Participatory Ethics

18. Duty Ethics in Business
Environment
This teaches that some acts are right or wrong because
of the sorts of things they are, and people have a duty to
act accordingly, regardless of the good or bad
consequences that may be produced.
Duty Based Ethics in the Workplace: The Whistleblower
The corporate whistleblower is almost always in an unenviable
position. He or she must risk their job, their reputation, their family
unity and sometimes their very life in order to make known what
they consider to be an unconscionable wrong on the part of the
company that employs them. They also risk their long-term career,
as many whistleblowers find that they cannot find a new job in the
industry in which they work, due to their infamy as someone who
spilled the beans.