3. Introduction
• Monophasic dosage form refers to liquid preparation containing
two or more components in one phase system, it is represent by
true solution.
• A true solution is a clear homogenous mixture that is prepared by
dissolving solute in a suitable solvent.
• The component of the solution which is present in a large
quantity is known as “SOLVENT” where as the component
present in small quantity is termed as “SOLUTE”.
4. Advantages
• It is easier to swallow, therefore easier for children and old age
people.
• Facilitate absorption of drug faster than solid dosage form as
drug is already in solution form.
• It is homogenous therefore give uniform dose than
suspension or emulsion which need shaking.
• Simple and fast to formulate
• It can be administered by various routes :
Oral, Parenteral (injection),enema for rectal use, otic(ear),
nasal and ophthalmic preparation.
5. Disadvantages
• They are bulky, so difficult to transport and store.
• Water is commonly use vehicle, which is prone to microbial
growth. So addition of preservative is needed.
• When expose to direct sunlight it may undergo hydrolysis, so
need to store in cool and dark place.
• Drug stability reduce by hydrolysis or oxidation. So, they have
shorter expire date than solid dosage form.
• Other major sign of drug instability are color change,
Precipitation, microbial growth etc.
7. Liquids meant for internal administrations
• Syrup : Aqueous preparations of 60% to 85% sucrose with or without
flavoring agents and medicinal substances. e.g. Chlorpheniramine
maleate syrup, Chloral hydrate .
• Elixirs : Clear, aromatic, sweetened hydro alcoholic solutions with or
without medicinal substances, intended for oral use. Eg:
Dexamethasone elixir .
• Linctuses : Viscous, liquid and oral preparations that are generally
prescribed for the relief of cough. Eg: Codeine Linctus.
9. Liquids used in the mouth
• Gargles :Aqueous solutions containing antiseptics or antibiotics
used to treat throat infections. Available in concentrated form with
direction for dilution with warm water before use. eg: Povidone
Iodine gargle.
• Mouthwash: Aqueous solution with a pleasant taste and odor used
to clean and deodorize the buccal cavity. Have antiseptic and
astringent activity.eg: Antiseptics-phenol derivatives.
• Throat paints : Viscous liquid preparation used for mouth and
throat infections. Eg: Phenol glycerine, Compound Iodine.
Liquids meant for external administration
11. Liquids instill into body cavity
• Eye drops: Sterile, aqueous/oilysolutions intended for instillationin
eye. Eg: Timolol maleate eye drops.
• Nasal drops Administered through the nose to obtain local effect.
Used during nasal congestion and upper-respiratory tract problem.
Eg: Oxymetazolin Hydrochloride nasal drops.
• Enemas: Aqueous or oily solution that is introduced into the
rectum and colon via the anus for cleansing, therapeutic or
diagnostic purposes.
Liquids meant for external administration
13. • Liniments : Oily liquid preparations, intended for external
application with rubbing action to the affected area. Use to relief
pain and stiffness, such as from muscles spasm and arthritis.
• Lotions : Topical preparation with a low to medium viscosity. Use
to moisturize dry skin. Eg: Calamine Lotion, baby lotion
• Paints : Solutions used to sterilize the skin. Eg. Betadine antiseptic
paint, Magenta paint
Liquids meant for external administration
Liquid meant for skin