Maurizio Tosi - GIS and Silk Road Studies

1. GIS AND SILK ROAD STUDIES
MONITORING LANDSCAPE AND POPULATION CHANGES
AT SAMARKAND AND IN THE ZERAVSHAN VALLEY
Maurizio Tosi
Department of Archaeology
University of Bologna

2. THE
MIDDLE
ASIAN
SPACE

9. Landscape Archaeology
HISTORY GEOGRAPHYHistorical Topography Settlement Archaeology
Social Anthropology
Archaeology as an Instrument for Regional Studies
More
Descriptive
More
Interpretative

10. WHATEVER THE TARGET OF
OUR REASONING, ANY STUDY
OF CENTRAL ASIAN HISTORY
HAS TO CONSIDER THE
NOMADS AS STOCK BREEDERS

11. ……FOR AN EVEN MORE ELUSIVE WEALTH

13. ELUSIVE RESIDENCES…………

26. WHILE VERY LITTLE
INFORMATION COULD BE RECOVERED
FOR THEIR RESIDENCES AND ECONOMY,
THE VISIBILITY OF NOMADS
IN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD
HAS BEEN LIMITED TO THEIR BURIALS.
WILL GIS HELP ?

33. DTM
RELIEF
WATERCOURSES PASTURELANDS
FIELDS
SETTLEMENTS
HERDS
CAMPSITES
SITE DISTRIBUTION
&
ATTRIBUTE DATA
THE FARMERS THE NOMADS
Hydrological
Data
Soil & Zoological
Data

34. THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAP
OF
THE MURGHAB DELTA
1990-2002

35. MURGHAB DELTA
ZERAVSHAN
1
2

37. THE LOST MURGHAB DELTA OF THE 3rd
MILL> BCE

38. YAZ DEPE : 2nd
-1st
MILL. BCE

39. PANCHROMATIC CORONA MOSAIC OF (1964) ON LANDSAT-7 ( 2001)

40. Palaeochannel Network Reconstruction on the Basis of Landsat-7 Image:
from Aerial Photos (blue), from CORONA (green), from Landsat-5 (pink),
from Landsat-7 (yellow). Archaeological Sites Distribution (red)

41. BACTRIAN CIVILIZATION (3rd
-2nd
MILL> BCE

44. Distribution of Andronovo type campsites (circles) and Late Bronze Age
sedentary settlements (squares). Legend: dotted area = massive aeolian sands;
meander lines = ancient riverbeds recognized with aerial photographs;
enclosed lines = takhir areas.

45. Relationships between ICW campsites and main farmer centres during the
Late Bronze Age. Legend: square = Late Bronze Age sites; circles =
Andronovo type campsites; dotted area = massive aeolian sands; meander
lines = ancient riverbeds recognized with aerial photographs; enclosed lines
= takhir areas; buffers around Late Bronze Age river beds.

46. Frequency of ICW site surface for Andronovo Sites

47. Tazabag’yab Culture:
Southern Regions of
the Akcha-darya Delta

53. THE MIDDLE ZERAVSHAN VALLEY

54. Lowland Sections Highland Sections
Catchments
Basin
Alluvial
Valley
Plain ValleyDeltaic Plains
Lateral Rivers
Lateral Affluents Mountain
Strems
Terminal Lake
Fossil Subdelta

60. 1
3
2
4
1. Natural
2. Dargom
3. Bulungur
4. Eski Angor

62. 1. Koktepa
2. Ciakka
3. Sazagan
4. Faizabad
5. Bes1
6. Muminabad
7. Cep1
8. Sarazm

69. -Occorre distinguere quindi per primo l’asse naturale principale nella sua
Interezza fino alle paludi – acquitrini terminali.
-Successivamente vanno separate le due fasce principali del triangolo
deltizio, a monte e a valle della linea di rottura nell’asse principale.
- Va stabilita anche la rispettiva superficie areale. Il rapporto tra la superficie delle due
aree è importante per il confronto relativo tra diversi delta.
linea di diramazione
punto di inizio
collegatoallaquotadipendio
plaja terminale

70. MAIN COURSE
Confini delle aree
di pertinenza
Divisione siti
per grandezza

71. Measuring internodes
1
2
3
4 5 5.1 5.2.2
5.3.2
5.4.2
5.2.1
5.3.1
5.4.1
5.5.1
3.1
3.2.1
4.1
4.2.1
4.3.1
4.4.1
3.5.1
3.4.1
3.3.1
3.2.2
1.2.1
1.1.1
1.2.3
1.3.31.2.2
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.4.1
2.1.1
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.3.1
2.4.1
Breaking-Points and Biforcations
n.n.n Bacini numerati in senso anti-orario,
da N a S e da W a E
punto di diramazione

72. 3. M. Buchanan 2003, Nexus
Create a GMS based on standardized data inserting fuzzy logic keys
To “block the procedure whenever contradictory”
1
2 3 4
FRACTALS
FUZZY LOGIC
Breaking-Points and BI-forcations

73. MEASURING THE DOABS

74. Il Calcolo delle Jazireh (Ischie)
Jazireh tradizionali
Nuovi sistemi adduzione
Canali artificiali moderni
Diga moderna
Si solvono fare le aree centrali,
già ben irrigate e molto produttive,
sopra le presenze di colture
tradizionali di pregio, come i frutteti

75. LA DISTRIBUZIONE DEI KURGAN
NELLA MEDIA VALLE DELLO ZERAVSHAN: L’AREA MERIDIONALE
DI SAMARCANDA

77. LOCATION
OF
KURGAN
IN
ZERAVSHAN
VALLEY

78. IDENTIFICATION OF KURGAN BY REMOTE
SENSING

79. TIPOLOGY OF KURGAN
SAZAGAN AGALIK
Obel’cenko, 1969

80. KURGAN OF TEPAKUL

81. SZG 137
SAZAGAN
SITE137

82. MODELLO 3D DELL’AREA FUNERARIA DI
SAZAGAN

85. COMPLEXITY IN EARLY 4th
MILLENNIUM BCE: THE
VILLAGES OF MULLALI &
YALANGACH IN TEJEN
DELTA

87. MULLALI DEPE
SECTIONS ACROSS
CHALCOLITHIC CANALS

90. THE SHAHR-I
SOKHTA AREA
EXCAVATIONS RESIDENTIAL AREA

92. SHAHDAD

97. TEPE YAHYA

98. TEPE YAHYA
IVC
c. 3000 BC

103. NORTHERN AFGHANISTAN 1969
THE BEGINNING OF A NEW
CHAPTER IN MIDDLE ASIAN
ARCHAEOLOGY

104. NORTH-EASTERN AFGHANISTAN

106. BRONZE;AGE
ARCHITECTURE AT
DASHLY-3

127. THE MIDDLE ASIAN
CIRCUIT OF EXCHANGES

128. SHORTUGAI 1977-79
DISCOVERY OF AN HARAPPAN
OUTPOST ON THE AMUDARYA

129. SERAZM

130. THE MIDDLE ZERAVSHAN VALLEY NEAR SERAZM

133. A Turbinella pyrum Sanka Shell
Found in a late 4th
millennium
Grave at Serazm :
1850 km north of the Arabian Sea

139. THE LAND OF MARHASHI

140. THE HALIL RUD VALLEY
IN JIROFT
LOOKING SOUTHWARDS

141. JIROFT BRONZE AGE STEATITE CARVED VESSELS

143. KONAR SANDAL 1

146. KONAR SANDAL 2