History 1a

1. CHAPTER 12
THE
COMMONWEA
LTH PERIOD

2. PRE-COMMONWEALTH GOVERNMENT
FAIRFIELD BILL
COMMONWEALTH PEROID
SUPPORTERS VS. CRITIQUES (1935)
COMMONWEALTH ACT NO. 1
SAKDALISTA UPRISING
SOCIAL JUSTICE PROGRAM
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
LINGUA FRANCA
ECONOMIC CONDITION
AMERICAN INFLUENCES

3. GOVERNMENT
PERSPECTIVE

4. PRE-
COMMONWEALTH
GOVERNMENT

5. CLARO M. RECTO
One of the four
Democratas elected to
the House in 1919.

6. NACIONALISTA
Won 78 out of 82 seats
during the election of
members of the House of
Representative held on
June 3, 1919.

7. Economic Condition in
1919 were in bad shape,
the price of rice went
up and the Manila
Railroad also suffered
losses because of the
rains and floods.

8. MANUEL L. QUEZON
Decided to separate from
Sergio Osmena on the issue
of personal leadership.

9. CLARO M. RECTO
(DEMOCRATAS)
MANUEL ROXAS
(COLECTIVISTA)
MARIANO CUENCO
(UNIPERSONALISTA)
CANDIDATES
FOR SPEAKERSHIP
IN 1922

10. MANUEL ROXAS
With the support of
Sergio Osmena,
Won.

11. THE
FAIRFIELD
BILL

12. A compromised measure which
provided for a long transition
period and many reservations of
power for the United States.
Main supporters are the
American businessmen who have
their investments in the country.

13. GENERAL McIntyre
Claimed to be the main
creator of the bill.

14. Background:
Parliamentary
Mission

15. 1919: First parliamentary
mission was sent to U.S.
during the administration of
Woodrow Wilson, lead by Manuel
Quezon.

16. April 1922: Second parliamentary
mission was resent on Washington
lead by Osmena and Quezon
Gen. Frank McIntyre, the chief of
Bureau of Insular Affairs of War
Department directly supervised the
country.
August 1922: Second parliamentary
mission was returned with no more
assurances from the U.S.

17. November 1923: New House
Speaker of the Philippines,
Manuel A. Roxas lead the
special mission to asked for
Woods relief the Philippine
Independence.

18. February 21, 1924: Pres.
Calvin Coolidge delivered a
reply to the memorial in serve
letter.

19. FAIRFIELD BILL
was introduced on
the House
Committee on
Insular Affairs
on April 1924

20. THE
COMMONWEALTH
PERIOD

21. COMMONWEALTH PERIOD
IS ALL ABOUT THE
CAMPAIGNS FOR
PHILIPPINE
INDEPENDENCE AND
EDUCATING
FILIPINOS.

22. INDEPENDENCE
MISSION
DEVELOPMENTS

23. o OsRox Mission

24. OsRox Mission (1931) was a campaign
for self-government and US recognition
of the Philippine Independence led by
former Senate President and House
Speaker, Osmena and Quezon
respectively.
It was also the 9th Independence
Mission in a series of missions
lasting from 1919 to 1933.
The mission secured the Hare–Hawes-
Cutting Act, which was rejected by the
Philippine Legislature and Manuel
Quezon

25. oHARE-HAWES-CUTTING ACT
BRONSON CUTTING
HARRY HAWES
BUTLER HARE

26. would establish the Philippine
Commonwealth as a transition
government for 10 years before
receiving independence July
4,1946
reserved military bases from US
and let American goods into the
country for free

27. o US passed this bill as a
means of granting Philippine
Independence
o a product of OsRox mission
o on October 17, 1933 the
legislature, through the
concurrent resolution rejected
the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Bill

28. oTYDINGS-MCDUFFIE ACT
JOSEPH TYDINGS
JOHN MCDUFFIE

29. SAME AS HARE HAWES CUTTING
BILL
IT WAS QUEZON AND QUIRINO
WHO WENT TO US CLAMOR FOR
THE PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE
APPROVED ON MAY 1, 1934

30. SUPPORTERS
AND
CRITIQUES

31. JOSE P. LAUREL
claimed that the 1935
constitution is invalid for
we don't need any other
country's approval for our
own constitution

32. but the bill (Tydings-
McDuffie) was approved by
then president of America
FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT

33. SIGNIFICANT
EVENTS TO
REMEMBER

34. THE
COMMONWEALTH
ACT. 1

35. the National Defence Act
requiring all 21 year old able-
bodied male citizen to render 5
and ½ months of military service
through regular military force
or through reserve force

37. THE
SAKDALISTA
UPRISING

38. in May 1935, approximately 65,000 Filipino
peasants headed by Benigno Ramos
surrounded Manila to dramatize their demand
for:
genuine agrarian reform
abolition of unfair taxes
government policy against land
grabbing; and
total independence from Americans

39. BENIGNO RAMOS

40. SOCIAL
JUSTICE
PROGRAM

41. MANUEL L. QUEZON
Father Of Social Justice

42. Minimum Wage Law
Eight Hour Labor Law
Tenant Act
Court Of Industrial
Relations
Homestead Law

43. EDUCATION
PERSPECTIVE

44. THE
DEPARTMENT
OF EDUCATION

45. FREE ELEMENTARY AND
SECONDARY EDUCATION TO ALL
FILIPINO CHILDREN
RAFAEL PALMA
appointed as Chairman of
National Council of
Education in 1936

46. THE
LINGUA
FRANCA

47. COMMONWEALTH ACT NO. 570
- DECLARING TAGALOG AS THE
BASIS OF NATIONAL LANGUAGE
SERGIO OSMENA
Head of the Department Of
Education, the first time
a Filipino assumed this
position

48. ECONOMIC
PERSPECTIVE

49. PHILIPPINE’S
ECONOMIC
CONDITION

50. MOST
IMPORTANT
SECTOR
AGRICULTURAL
PRODUCTS
SOURCEOF
EMPLOYMENT
SOURCESOF
NATIONAL
INCOME
INCOMEFROM
EXPORTS
MAJORIMPORT
ANDEXPORT
PARTNER
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51. the Tydings-McDuffie Act
of 1934 has its natural
consequences in the
Philippine economy where
the practically free and
limited only by
congressionally set quotas
and a fairly small
processing tax which was
returned to the Philippine
government

52.  after the Second World
War, 25% of the American
tariffs will be
implemented by force in
every Philippine product
entering the united
states of America; during
the 10 year transition
period from 1935-1946
there was no reciprocal
limits on us products
entering the Philippines

53. IN
SUMMARY:

54. THE
AMERICAN
INFLUENCES

55. COLONIAL MENTALITY
(ECONOMICALLY DEPENDENT ON
AMERICAN PRODUCTS)
PARTIAL LOSS OF FILIPINO CULTURE
BAD:

56. 5
SYSTEM OF PUBLIC EDUCATION
HIGHER EDUCATION
CO-EDUCATION
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
ADVANCE SYSTEM ON PUBLIC HEALTH AND SANITATION
IMPROVEMENTS IN COUNTRY TRADING SYSTEM
DEMOCRACY:
 CHANCE TO PARTICIPATE IN GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS
 POLITICAL PARTIED WERE FORMED
 EMANCIPATION OF WOMEN
GOOD:

57. END OF
CHAPTER 12:
THE
COMMONWEALT
H GOVERNMENT

58. CHAPTER 13
THE
PHILIPPINES
UNDER THE
JAPANESE

59. REAL 1930
CORREGIDOR
WAR IN PACIFIC
CHRISTMAS 1941
MILITARY ORDER NO. 2
LAST ATTEMPT TO DEFEND
COLLABORATIONISTS
ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
SOCILA CONDITION
NEXT TO WARSAW POLAND
RECONQUERING MANILA

60. THE
REAL
1930’S

62. JAPANESE
MAIN
OBJECTIVES:

63. to prevent use of Philippines
as an advance American military
base.
to acquire staging areas and
supply basses to enhance
operations
to secure communication lines
from Japanese home land

64. CORREGIDOR
DURING
SPANISH PERIOD

65. tadpole shaped defensive fort
of the three square miles of
island at the mouth of manila bay
three supporting islands:
• Caballa
• Carabao
• El Fraile

68. WAR
IN THE
PACIFIC

69. July 26, 1941- USAFEE (United States
Army Forces In The Far East) was
founded

70. December 8, 1941- received some
news
1.Japanese carrier forces strikes
Pearl Harbor
2.Thailand surrendered to Japanese
troops
3.Battle of the Philippines
begins: Japanese bombers blast
Clark Field, 60 miles north of
Manila

71. 1.

72. 2.
3.

73. December 9, 1941
1. Malaya invaded and Guam
captured
2. Japanese make initial landings in
the Philippines (striking the
beaches of Vigan, Ilocos Sur, and
Aparri on the north)

74. 1.
2.

75. DECEMBER 22, 1941
JAPANESE ADVANCING
FORCES MADE THIER
MAJOR LANDINGS AT
ILINGAYEN, PANGASINAN

77. THE
CHRISTMAS
1941

78. Christmas time, Manila, the
capital, had been declared an open
city and the withdrawal of the
Fil-American forces to Bataan was
under way. The long night of the
Japanese occupation had begun.
The Filipino observed Christmas
under black-out conditions: the
enemy was no respecter of open
cities and the advent of Christmas
did not interrupt his bombing
schedules.

80. MILITARY
ORDER
NO. 1

81. February 17, 1942
promoting the Filipino
culture, spiritual enrichment
among the Filipino families,
propagation of Japanese
Language - Niponggo and the
implementation of greater East
Asia co-prosperity sphere
public school were reopened
June 1942

82. LAST ATTEMPT
TO
DEFEND

83. April 9, 1942
General Edward King,
Commander of Allied
Forces In Bataan,
composed of 78,000
soldiers, surrendered

85. April 10, 1942
Death March, soldiers
walked from Mariveles,
Bataan to San Fernando,
Pampanga

87. May 6, 1942
Corregidor fell to
the advancing
Japanese troops

89. THE
COLLABO-
RATIONIST

90. 1ST GROUP
Top leadership who collaborate
with the Japanese invaders.
2ND GROUP
Guerrilla leaders and their followers
who supported their resistance on
the return of the Americans.

91. THE
ECONOMIC
CONDITIONS

92. •Mickey Mouse Money –
currency used during Japanese
era
•malnutrition was rampant
•Kangkong became a common
food to fight hunger

93. THE
SOCIAL
CONDITION

94. •People lived with fear
from Japanese authorities.
•Many people died of
starvation.
•Comfort Women increased.

95. NEXT
TO
WARSAW, POLAND

96. Warsaw, Poland was the most
devastated capital city of the
Second World War. Manila,
Philippines came in second. Our
own capital city was flattered by
carpet bombing during the Battle
of Manila. It was General Douglas
McArthur who Actually called
Manila “the most devastated city
in the world, next to Warsaw,”
when he saw the city after the
long battle. It feels sad
thinking about the heritage
Manila lost, particularly the gem
that was the walled city of
Intramuros.

98. THE
RECONQUERING
MANILA

99. Feb. 3, 1945- American soldiers
together with their Filipino comrade
were within 15 miles of Manila

100. Aug. 6, 1945- Hiroshima was bombed

101. Aug. 9, 1945- Nagasaki was bombed

102. Sept. 2, 1945- Emperor Hirohito of
Japan had accepted the unconditional
surrender offered by the Allied
Forces and war in the Asia Pacific
was over

103. END OF CHAPTER
13:
THE PHILIPPINES
UNDER THE
JAPANESE PUPPET

105. UNIVERSITY
OF
BEAUTY AND
BRAINS