Battery swapping project

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ELECTRICAL VEHICLE BATTERY SWAPPING
A Project Report
Submitted in Partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree
Of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Submitted By
BURUGUPALLI NAGAMOHAN 160106049
ADDAGALLAVAMSI KRISHNA 160106003
CHALASANI SAI LAKSHMAN 160106051
CHALLA TAPASWINI 160106052
Under the esteemed guidance of
K.SATYA NARAYANA, M.E
Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
S.R.KR ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Affilated to ANDHRA UNIVERSITY, VISAKHAPATNAM)
(Recognized by A.I.C.T.E., Accredited by NAAC “A” Grade.)
BHIMAVARAM
(2016-2020)

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S.R.K.R ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Affiliated to Andhra University, Visakhapatnam)
(Recognized by All India Council for Technical Education, New Delhi)
(Accredited by NAAC ‘A’ Grade with 3.60/4 CGPA)
(Recognized as Scientific and Industrial Research Organization)
CHINA AMIRAM (P.O)::BHIMAVARAM-534 204
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Certificate
This is to certify that the project work entitled “Electrical Vehicle Battery
Swapping” is the bonafide work submitted by “A4Batch of 2016-2020”
fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree of BACHELOR OF
TECHNOLOGY in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING during the year
2019-2020
Guide: Head of the Department:
K.SATYA NARAYANA, M.E Dr. K. BRAHMA RAJU, M.E,Ph.D
Professor Professor

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CERTIFICATE OF EXAMINATION
This is to certify that we had examined the thesis and here by accord our
approval of it as a study carried out and presented in a manner required for its acceptance
in a partial fulfillment for the award of degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING for which it has been submitted.
This approval does not endorse or accept every statement made, opinion
expressed or conclusion drawn as in report. It only signifies acceptance of report for the
purpose for which it is submitted.
External examiner Internal examiner

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We express my deep sense of gratitude to my project guide
K. Satya Narayana, Professor in Department of Mechanical Engineering for
giving us an opportunity in doing this project and for his valuable guidance,
constant encouragement and keen interest shown in making the project work a
successful one.
With reverence and humility, we express our deep sense of
gratitude to Dr. K. Brahma Raju, Professor and Head of the Department and
Dr. A. Bala Krishna, Professor in Department of Mechanical Engineering,
S.R.K.R. Engineering College for their support and encouragement to carry out
this project successfully.They supported us with giving ideas to move further in
the project and provided lot of infrastructure like computers, 3d printers and the
latest softwares.
We are profusely grateful to the Principal S.R.K.R
Engineering College for providing place to carry out this project successfully.
I am thankful to my entire department faculty and family
members for their kind co-operation and help extended throughout the progress
of this work.
PROJECT ASSOCIATES
BURUGUPALLI NAGA MOHAN
ADDAGALLA VAMSI KRISHNA
CHALASANI SAI LAKSHMAN
CHALLA TAPASWINI

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ABSTRACT
Today transportation sector has facing many problems with conventional vehicles like
petroleum and diesel vehicles which releases most of the pollutants like CO2 and nitrogen
oxide emissions which ultimately have effect on human health.so to decrease this problem
there is invention of electrical vehicles but to fixed battery EVS the owner of the vehicle
should wait for long hours to charge one vehicle and if the vehicle stops in any remote areas
then it is difficult to charge the battery. So to reduce this problem and to increase electrical
vehicle usage the solution is to use autonomous battery swapping stations and producing
mobile van technology for charging the vehicle in remote areas this idea ultimately increase
EV adoption in the world which leads to have good human health.

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LIST OF CHAPTERS
TITLE PAGE NO
1. INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRIC VEHICLES 01
2. CHARGING OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE 04
3. LITERATURE REVIEW 07
4. DESIGN AND FABRICATION 10
4.1 MODEL OF BATTERY SWAPPING 11
4.2 ANALYSIS OF CHASSIS 15
4.2.1 ANALYSIS USING STRUCTURAL STEEL 16
4.2.2 ANALYSIS USING ALUMINUM ALLOY 19
4.3 FABRICATION OF CHASIS USING ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 22
5. MOBILE APP FOR SWAPPING 26
6. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 30
7. REFERENCES 32

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Electric car 03
Figure 2 Charging of electric car 06
Figure 4.1(a) Model of Chassis 12
Figure 4.1(b) Linear Actuator 12
Figure 4.1(c) Battery 13
Figure 4.1(d) Permanent magnet motor 13
Figure 4.1(e) Different Views 14
Figure 4.1(f) Isometric View 14
Figure 4.1(g) CAD Model 14
Figure 4.2(a) Mesh 15
Figure 4.2.1(a) Total Deformation for structural steel 16
Figure 4.2.1(b) Equivalent(von-mises) Stress for structural steel 17
Figure 4.2.1(c) Maximum principle elastic strain for structural steel 17
Figure 4.2.1(d) Safety factor for structural steel 18
Figure 4.2.2(a) Total Deformation for aluminum alloy 19
Figure 4.2.2(b) Equivalent(von-mises) Stress for aluminum alloy 20
Figure 4.2.2(c) Maximum principle elastic strain for aluminium alloy 20
Figure 4.2.2(d) Safety factor for aluminium alloy 21
Figure 4.3(a) 3d printing 22
Figure 4.3(c) Drona C300 printer 22
Figure 4.3(d) PLA Material 23
Figure 4.3(e) Cura software 23
Figure 4.3(f) G-codes 25
Figure 4.3(g) 3d printed Chassis 25
Figure 5(a) APP icon 27
Figure 5(b) Options in APP 27
Figure 5(c) Dashboard 28
Figure 5(d) Wallet 28
Figure 5(e) Maps 28
Figure 5(f) Statements 29
Figure 5(g) Help 29

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LIST OF TABLES
Table. 4.1 (a) Specifications of the Vehicle 11
Table. 4.2 (a) Loads Applied on Chassis 15
Table. 4.2.1 (a) Properties of structural steel 16
Table. 4.2.1 (b) Results of structural steel 18
Table. 4.2.2 (a) Properties of aluminium alloy 19
Table. 4.2.2 (b) Results of aluminium alloy 21
Table. 4.3 (a) Specifications of 3d printer 23

BATTERY SWAPPING FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Department of Mechanical Engineering, S.R.K.R Page 1
Chapter-1
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRIC VEHICLES

INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRIC VEHICLES
An electric car is an automobile that is propelled by one or more electric motors, using energy
stored in rechargeable batteries.
The first practical electric cars were produced in the 1880s. Electric cars were popular in the
late 19th century and early 20th century, until advances in Internal combustion engines.
From 2008, a renaissance in electric vehicle manufacturing occurred due to advances in
batteries, and the desire to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve urban air quality.
The range and price for electrical vehicle depends on battery size. Electric cars are quieter, and
have no tail pipe emissions and lower emissions in general.
While an electric car's power source is not explicitly an on-board battery, electric cars with
motors powered by other energy sources are typically referred to by a different name. An
electric car carrying solar panels to power it is a solar car, and an electric car powered by a
gasoline generator is a form of hybrid car. Thus, an electric car that derives its power from an
on-board battery pack is a form of battery electric vehicle (BEV). Most often, the term "electric
car" is used to refer to battery electric vehicles, but may also refer to plug-in hybrid electric
vehicles (PHEV).
PRIMARY COMPONENTS OF AN ELECTRIC CAR:
i. Battery
ii. Motor Controller
iii. Electric Engine

Battery:
A battery used to power the electric motors of a battery electric vehicle (BEV). The battery of
an electric car can be charged through the use of ordinary grid electricity at a specialized power
station.
Types of Batteries:
* Lithium – Ion Batteries
* Lead Acid Batteries
* Nickel Metal Hybrid Batteries
Motor Controller:
The controller transforms the battery's direct current into alternating current for AC motors
and regulates the energy flow from the battery. It has a microprocessor which can limit or
redirect current.
Electric Engine :
Unlike a gasoline engine with lots of moving parts, an electric engine or motor only has one
moving part. They can be structured to use either AC or DC current. AC motors are less
expensive and lighter compared to DC engines. They are also more common and they tend to
suffer from less mechanical wear and tear.
Figure 1. Electric car

Chapter-2
CHARGING OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE

CHARGING OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Battery electric vehicles, or BEVs, use electricity stored in a battery pack to power an electric
motor and turn the wheels. When depleted, the batteries are recharged using grid electricity,
either from a wall socket or a dedicated charging unit.
A typical electric car (60kWh battery) takes just under 8 hours to charge from empty-to-full
with a 7kW charging point.
Electric vehicles (EVs) have been deemed as being the future of mobility both by auto industry
experts as well as major original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) globally.
Technical Challenges in Charging:
* Due to exponential increase on use of electric vehicles there are some challenges faced
by the government as well as car owners because of grid reliability and capacity of
generation of power is not designed to support the load profile of this number of Electric
vehicles.
* Taking more time to charge the car.
* Another challenge is degradation of battery due to DC fast charging (DCFC) .
* Many manufacturers have their own charging stations, which allows you to only charge
your car at specific stations. The number of stations is also quite limited.
Different Cars have Different Battery:
Common for all electric cars is that they are driven by batteries. However, all electric car
manufacturers have their own concepts of what batteries to use, how to produce them and where
the batteries should be placed in the car. Having all electric car manufacturers produce the
batteries on their own is a costly process that does not favor the customers nor the car
manufacturers.
Since the batteries differ, so does the production. all battery production must have a high level
of security in order to, for example, avoid short circuits and protect both production equipment
and staff from the material inside the batteries.

If the batteries are not manufactured in time it could lead to devastating consequences for the
car manufacturer.Therfore different batteries require different types of equipment but if there
is the battery is standard then customer and manufacturer are more happy.
The War of Standards:
If there was a single standard, those interested in purchasing an EV would take the plunge more
easily as they would be more confident that they could find a station when they need to charge
their vehicle.
Manufacturers would collectively benefit the manufacturer whose standard is chosen sells more
vehicles.
Standardising would bring benefits of scale to battery manufacturers, leading to reduced cost
and better competition, and passes on the long-term ownership issues from the individual to
organisations better equipped to manage them.
Figure 2 Charging of electric car

Chapter-3
LITERATURE REVIEW

LITERATURE REVIEW
Many different companies research and development departments conducting experiments on
electrical vehicle battery swapping.
Kibbutz Magal (IL) works on portable device (carried on a trailer, towed e.g. by a truck, or
placed at an arbitrary location) is provided that allows removal and replacement of an electric
vehicle battery of ~250 kg. The device consists of a flat platform provided with a lift and
battery removal and replacement means. The trailer's ramp (or truck's ramp) allows the
vehicle to drive or be towed or pushed onto the flat platform. The vehicle lift, which may be
for instance a four pillar lift, raises the vehicle up to a height of ~ 1 meter off the platform,
allowing access to the underside of the vehicle. A receiving unit is provided that travels on
rails on the platform, and is lifted by a battery lift (which may be a scissor lift for instance)
when under the vehicle battery bay, until Such point as the receiving unit engages the battery.
The battery is then disengaged from the vehicle and is lowered by the receiving unit, which
then moves from under the vehicle battery bay. A replacement unit is also provided that
carries a charged battery and that now moves under the vehicle battery bay. The battery lift
then inserts the replacement battery into the vehicle. The vehicle then engages the battery.
The receiving and replacement units now travel out from under the vehicle, the vehicle is
lowered from its lift, and the vehicle may then be driven off the platform.
Eric Orlando Gaffoglio, Anaheim Hills, focussed their study on electrical battery
exchanging using lifters, conveyors. First when car arrives the station it lifts to specific height
then the fastener removal machine lifts upto some height to release the screws there is
conveyor underneath the machine which carries the battery and another conveyor gives the
charged battery the vehicle then the car gets down and it goes with fully charged battery.
Better place company did their work on swapping of car battery when vehicle requests battry
on exchange station if suitable battery is there in station then driver suggested to swap lane
the automated robotic mechanism attach gripper to battery in rack module then the exchange
system takes the charged one to standby location there is sliding door which opens and
exchange system removes the empty one with correct pitch, yaw and roll alignment replaces
with charged one.

Chaney, George conducted experiment on changing battery from the side of the car. There
are four electro magnetic coils are there on four corners of battery when driver presses the
switch the electro magnetic locking of battery in car is released then the car side down small
door opens then automatically with some actuator mechanism removes the battery to outside
and replaces with full power battery.
Feyijimi Adegbohun and Kwang Y. Lee done research on autonomous battery swapping
system .when car arrives the swap station it the vehicle goes on two rails where there is two
big vertical columns lifts the car then the scissor mechanism lifter take away empty battery
from the car and exchange with fully charged one this all done without human intervention so
it is called as autonomous battery swapping.
Ahmad Zainal Taufik and Nur Rashid works on analysis of electric car chassis. The
evoution of computer aided design(CAD) systems and related technologies has promoted the
development of software for chassis modeling. It visualizes the main outputs of the model,
which consist in numeric data and graphic elements.it represnts the an electric car chassis
design by using the commercial design software package, CATIA V5 R19 and the analysis
get the good results.

Chapter-4
DESIGN AND FABRICATION

4.1 MODEL OF BATTERY SWAPPING
Here the design is done for Mistubishi cars which uses ladder type chassis for electric
vehicle. The design is done for two batteries in the same car. The parts are designed in Catia
V5 which is the most suitable software for all automobile drawings.
Body style 6-door hatchback
Electric motor 47 kw(63 hp) ,180 N-m permanent magnet
motor
Transmission Single speed reduction gear
Battery 16 kwh(Li-ion)
Range 120-130 km
Dimensions 3.0*1.8*1.4 m
Table. 4.1 (a): Specifications of the Vehicle
Parts Modelled:
i. Chassis
ii. Base plate
iii. Electrical Linear Actuator
iv. Conveyor
v. Hydraulic gripper
vi. Batteries
vii. Battery Compartment
viii. Permanent magnet motor

Chassis: It is base frame of the vehicle. It is one of the important part in vehicle without it
there is no structure for the car.Ladder chassis is heavy made of steel and aluminium alloys
which are great absorber of shocks.
Figure 4.1(a) Model of Chassis
Base Plate: The base plate is a rectangular plate which is on top of the chassis to give support
to the batteries at upside.
Electric Linear actuator: is an electric device that converts the rotary motion of the motor
into a linear reciprocating motion, enabling remote control and centralized control. Electric
linear actuators are the perfect solution when you need simple, safe, clean motion or precise
and smooth motion control.
Small linear actuator with 12V, 24V, 36V or 48V DC, 3000N max load capacity, 35W output
power, 250mm stroke, installation dimension is stroke +125mm
Figure 4.1(b) Linear Actuator

Conveyor: conveyor is used to give the sliding motion for hydraulic gripper machine
Hydraulic Gripper:Hydraulic grippers, as the name proposes, works with fluid.. When fluid
pressure is applied on the pistons, the gripper touches the battery. The piston will then apply a
force according to the pressure on the piston (Force = Pressure * Surface).
Batteries: also known as a traction battery) is a battery used to power the electric motors of a
battery electric vehicle (BEV) or hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). These batteries are usually
rechargeable (secondary) batteries, and are typically lithium-ion batteries. Here lithium ion
battery of 16.5kwh is used which have range anxiety of 100-120km
Figure 4.1(c) Battery
Battery Compartment: This compartment is on the baseplate which has two slots used for
holding two batteries in the car.
Permanent Magnet motor: The Brushless DC motor is actually a permanent magnet AC
motor whose torque-speed characteristics mimic the DC motor. Brushless motors are
primarily used for motion control, positioning or actuation systems which has high efficiency,
wide speed ranges and low maintenance.
Figure 4.1(d) Permanent magnet motor

Figure 4.1(e) Different Views
WORKING OF THE MODEL:
When the electric car arrives the charging station with empty battery then if the battery
available in station then it is guided swapping place after reaching the swapping place driver
switches on to open the down side battery door. Then the hydraulic gripper comes to that
place with the help of conveyor which pulls the empty battery to the outside then that gripper
along with empty one goes to charging battery rack where at the same time another gripper
comes with fully charged battery from the rack of charged batteries the mechanism
automatically inserts two batteries of each 8Kwh batteries into the car then the battery door
automatically closes and the driver goes with fully charged battery.
Figure 4.1(f) Isometric View Figure 4.1(g) CAD Model

4.2 ANALYSIS OF CHASSIS
To know the mechanism of withstanding all the loads or not it should be necessary to conduct
analysis doing analysis for all the parts is waste of time. So the most important one in the car
is chassis which bear all the loads in the car so doing load analysis for chassis is the most
suitable one.
Software used: Ansys 2019 R3
Ansys: Mechanical finite element analysis software is used to simulate computer models of
structures, electronics, or machine components for analyzing strength, toughness, elasticity,
temperature distribution, electromagnetism, fluid flow, and other attributes.
Mesh: Before applying the loads on the chassis it should be divide into finite elements.
Finite Element Method reduces the degrees of freedom from infinite to finite with the help of
discretization or meshing (nodes and elements). One of the purposes of meshing is to actually
make the problem solvable using finite element. By meshing, you break up the domain into
pieces, each piece representing an element.
Traingular Mesh: A triangle mesh is a type of polygon mesh in computer graphics. It
comprises a set of triangles (typically in three dimensions) that are connected by their
common edges or corners.
Figure 4.2(a) Mesh
PARTS WEIGHTS
Battery 170 kg
Gear box 50 kg
Motor 100 kg
Frame and seats 200 kg
Passenger weights 450 kg
Table. 4.2 (a): Loads Applied on Chassis

4.2.1 Analysis using Structural Steel:
Structural steel is one of the mostly used steel in the car chasis the frame is made up of
structural elements called rails or beams.
Name Structural steel
Density 7.85e-006 kg mm^-3
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 1.2e-005 C^-1
Specific Heat 4.34e+005 mJ kg^-1 C^-1
Thermal Conductivity 6.05e-002 W mm^-1 C^-1
Resistivity 1.7e-004 ohm mm
Compressive Yield Strength 250 MPa
Tensile Yield Strength 250 MPa
Tensile Ultimate Strength 460 MPa
Young's Modulus 2.e+005 MPa
Poisson's Ratio 0.3
Bulk Modulus 1.6667e+005 MPa
Shear Modulus 76923 MPa
Table. 4.2.1 (a): Properties of structural steel
Results and Discussion:
Figure 4.2.1(a) Total Deformation for structural steel

Figure 4.2.1(b) Equivalent(von-mises) Stress for structural steel
Figure 4.2.1(c) Maximum principle elastic strain for structural steel

Figure 4.2.1(d) Safety factor for structural steel
Total Deformation Equivalent(von-mises) Stress Maximum principle
elastic strain
Safety factor
2.6179e-005 mm 3.2073e-003 MPa 1.7543e-008 mm/mm 15
Table. 4.2.1 (b): Results of structural steel
After analysing the reults in ansys the maximum total deformation of chasis is negligible for
all the loads applied on frame.The static analysis very good reults and equivalent von-mises
stress is very far from the ultimate strength of the material.The factor of safety tells the
design is safer for all the applied loads on static analysis.

4.2.2 Analysis using Aluminum Alloy;
Aluminum alloys to achieve a more light-weight construction for chasis. It is extensively
used for automotive chassis and engine applications. Properties like useful strength, low
density, high thermal conductivity, excellent machining behavior and good corrosion
resistance are the main reasons .
Name Aluminum Alloy
Density 2.77e-006 kg mm^-3
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 2.38e-005 C^-1
Specific Heat 8.75e+005 mJ kg^-1 C^-1
Thermal Conductivity 0.157 W mm^-1 C^-1
Resistivity 4.49e-005 ohm mm
Tensile Yield Strength 363 MPa
Tensile Ultimate Strength 449 MPa
Young's Modulus 73800 MPa
Poisson's Ratio 0.337
Bulk Modulus 75460 MPa
Shear Modulus 27599 MPa
Table. 4.2.2 (a): Properties of aluminium alloy
Results and Discussion:
Figure 4.2.2(a) Total Deformation for aluminum alloy

Figure 4.2.2(b) Equivalent(von-mises) Stress for aluminum alloy
Figure 4.2.2(c) Maximum principle elastic strain for aluminium alloy

Figure 4.2.2(d) Safety factor for aluminium alloy
Total Deformation Equivalent(von -mises)
Stress
Maximum
Principal Elastic
Strain
Safety Factor
7.1309e-005 mm 3.1899e-003 MPa 4.7429e-008
mm/mm
15
Table. 4.2.2 (b): Results of aluminium alloy
After getting the figures in analysis for the aluminium alloy chasis also maximum total
deformation of chassis is negligible for all the loads applied on frame. The static analysis
very good reults and equivalent von-mises stress is very far from the ultimate strength of the
material.The factor of safety tells the design is safer for all the applied loads on static
analysis.

4.3 FABRICATION OF CHASIS USING ADDITIVE
MANUFACTURING
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING:
Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, is a transformative approach to industrial
production that enables the creation of lighter, stronger parts and systems. AM can bring digital
flexibility and efficiency to manufacturing operations.
Objects are created using computer aided design software(CAD) and convert into .stl files
that essentially slice the object into ultra thin layers this information guides the path of a
nozzle or print head as it precisely deposits material upon the preceding layer.
The term AM encompasses many technologies including subsets like 3D Printing, Rapid
Prototyping (RP), Direct Digital Manufacturing (DDM), layered manufacturing and additive
fabrication.
Figure 4.3(a) 3d printing
Additive manufacturing uses so many technologies to produce components .some of the
technologies in that is SLA, FDM, MJM, SLS, Polyjet
To manufacture the chasis in 3d printer fused deposition modelling technology is used.
Fused Deposition Modelling:
This is one of the technology used in 3d printing. It uses thermoplastic (polymer that changes
to a liquid upon the application of heat and solidifies to a solid when cooled) materials
injected through indexing nozzles onto a platform. The nozzles trace the cross-section pattern
for each particular layer with the thermoplastic material hardening prior to the application of
the next layer. The process repeats until the build or model is completed and fascinating to
watch. Specialized material may be need to add support to some model features.

Figure 4.3(b) Fused Deposition Modelling
3d Printer : The printer used to print the chasis is Botzlab Polyamide FDM Drona C300
Industry Consumer Electronics
Material Polyamide (PLA)
Brand/Make Botzlab
Connectivity SD Card
Model/Type DRONA C300
Build Volume 300 X 300 X 300mm
Table. 4.3 (a): Specifications of 3d printer
Figure 4.3(c) Drona C300 printer

PLA: PLA, also known as polylactic acid or polylactide, is a thermoplastic made from
renewable resources such as corn starch, tapioca roots or sugar cane.It is one of the most
popular materials used for FDM 3d printing. It’s relatively inexpensive, a breeze to print
with, and comes in hundreds of vibrant colors and blends.
Figure 4.3(d) PLA Material
Due to car chasis is so large to print but the printer of dimension is 300*300 mm so to scale
the chasis dimensions to fit the printer there is a special software called ULTIMAKER
CURA.
Software Used: Ultimaker Cura
Cura is an open source slicing application for 3D printers. Ultimaker Cura works by slicing
the user’s model file into layers and generating a printer-specific g-code. Once finished, the
g-code can be sent to the printer for the manufacture of the physical object. The open source
software, compatible with most desktop 3D printers, can work with files in the most common
3D formats such as STL, OBJ, X3D, 3MF as well as image file formats such
as BMP, GIF, JPG, and PNG.
Figure 4.3(e) Cura software

G CODES:
G-code is a language that humans use to tell a machine how to do something. With 3D
printing, g-code contains commands to move parts within the printer.The saved file in cura
software will be converted to g-code, the language for printer understands and uses to create
an object.
Figure 4.3(f) G-codes
Printing of Chassis:
After completion of design the file is saved in .stl file .Then stl file opens in cura software to
scale it here the scaling ratio of chassis is 1:12 ratio and then it converts into G-codes where
this code is directly inserted into SD card where this card insert into DRONA C300 printer
and by clicking print on the screen it will starts printing.
Figure 4.3(g) 3d printed Chassis

Chapter-5
MOBILE APP FOR SWAPPING

MOBILE APP FOR SWAPPING
Mobile apps is software application which is used by every smartphone user. Today mobile
apps are used to see the routes to particular place by using google maps. Apps are used to
book something and to buy something. At present day smart phone is a part of human life .
This mobile app is used for swapping of electrical vehicle battery.
Figure 5(a) APP icon
Options in APP:
Figure 5(b) Options in APP
Home:
This option shows the user interface of the app and tells what features are there in the app.

Dashboard:
This option shows how much power is there in the battery and intimates if there is less power.
Figure 5(c) Dashboard
Wallet:
This feature tells about balance there in the wallet and credits if there and if any money
payment dues are there it shows.
Figure 5(d) Wallet
Maps:
This option gives the information of route to nearby charging station if the car battery power
is less by sensor signal from battery to app
Figure 5(e) Maps

Statements:
It shows the bill payments on which day how much amount the driver pays and on which
time the car arrives to the charging station.
Figure 5(f) Statements
Help:
This option tells about how to use the app that is how to pay the bills ,how to talk with
customer care of bandy app, how to see maps.
Figure 5(g) Help
Working of Bandy App:
When the driver goes on a road and the car battery has less power by using internet of things
technology there is a connection between the driver app and battery sensor which gives signal
to the driver by app and it shows automatically route of nearby charging station and it gives
instructions to go in this speed until station reached. The app also sends signal to station to
check availability of the battery and resends that information to driver of car.

Chapter-6
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

6. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
By using conventional electric vehicles with fixed battery it have so many
challenges like range anxiety, driver has to wait for hours of time in the
charging station which causes him as work delay .By introducing electrical
vehicle battery swapping technology in the world makes to have negligible
pollutants in air, there is no time delay and with the use of app which created by
using advanced technology like iot gives suggestion to car owner every time
and make his life better without any stress.
 Smart charging of electrical vehicles in swapping station.
 Creating mobile van battery swapping for remote areas people.
 Building a good business model which is advantageous to driver and
station company.
 Automated scheduling and billing system for battery sharing network.
 Forecasting of storage availability in battery sharing station and gives
message to user.

7. REFERENCES:
1. Yu Zheng, Student Member, IEEE, Zhao Yang Dong, Senior Member, IEEE,
IEEETRANSACTIONSONPOWERSYSTEMS,VOL.29,NO.1,JANUARY2014
2. M. A. Ortega-Vazquez, F. Bouffard, and V. Silva, “Electric vehicle aggregator/system
operator coordination for charging scheduling and services procurement,” IEEE
Trans. Power Syst., vol. PP, no. 99, pp. 1–1, 2012.
3. Nilsson, M. Electric Vehicles: The Phenomenon of Range Anxiety; ELVIRE
Consortium FP7-ICT-2009-4-249105; ELVIRE Report: Babenhausen, Germany,
2011; pp. 1–14.
4. A Mobile Battery Swapping Service for Electric Vehicles Based on a Battery
Swapping Van Sujie Shao * ID , Shaoyong Guo and Xuesong Qiu
5. BATTERY SWAPPING SYSTEMAND TECHNIQUES Applicant: Tesla Motors,
Inc., Palo Alto, CA (US)
6. https://medium.com/@pdiwan/is-battery-swapping-a-viable-option-for-public-
transportation-evs-adb4ced74ff2
7. https://insideevs.com/news/340926/these-standardized-electric-car-battery-modules-save-
money-time/
8. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/auto/auto-news/efficiency-parameters-
soon-to-aid-ev-battery-swapping/articleshow/74073313.cms
9. http://powerswap.se/
10. http://www.sunmobility.co.in/

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