1. Incorporating
Social
Cohesion into
Development
Programme
-A Checklist
Munas Kalden (2009),
UNDP Sri Lanka
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2. Peacebuilding
sports, recreation and creative activities;
Good Governance Linking schools and institutions;
connecting youth and women
Participation, rule of law, transparency,
organizations; residential and community
equality, responsiveness, vision,
based corporations; Occupational groups
accountability, supervision, efficiency and
and professional organizations;
effectiveness, and professionalism.
Community leaders, Tradition and
interfaith corporation for coexistence.
Key
components of
Social
Transformation
Conflict Transformational Skills Local Economic Development
mediation, negotiation, conflict
Market linkage and social relations;
resolution mechanism, problem solving ,
employment and youth, livelihood and
local dispute resolution mechanism,local
women empowerment
reconciliation forums.
Framework for Incorporating Social Transformation into
Development Interventions developed by Munas Kalden
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3. Key components of Social Transformation
 Good Governance and Social Cohesion:
It covers participation, rule of law, transparency, equality, responsiveness,
vision, accountability, supervision, efficiency and effectiveness, and
professionalism.
 Peacebuilding and Social Cohesion:
It includes sports, recreation and creative activities; linking schools and
institutions; connecting youth and women organizations; residential and
community based corporations; Occupational groups and professional
organizations; community leaders, Tradition and interfaith corporation for
coexistence.
 Conflict Transformation Skills:
It consists of mediation, negotiation, conflict resolution mechanism, problem
solving, local dispute resolution mechanism, local reconciliation forums.
 Local Economic Development and Social Cohesion:
It posits market linkage and social relations; employment and youth,
livelihood and women empowerment.
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4. Key Element 1:
Good Governance and Social Cohesion
Aim:
Build confidence among the service provider and client by adopting the
principle of good governance.
Checklist
1. Good Governance Ensured
 Participation:
 All beneficiaries are encouraged to express their opinion in the
process of implementing, monitoring and evaluating the project.
 Beneficiaries’ input fed into project decision making.
 Non beneficiaries were given opportunity know why they were
not selected.
 Participatory methods were employed to select the relevant
beneficiaries.
 Beneficiaries and stakeholders had clear role on project
implementation.
 Transparency and accountability:
 Mutual trust built between and among the stakeholders and the
beneficiaries through the provision of information relating to the
project intervention
 Beneficiary selection criteria displayed and shared with the
beneficiaries and stakeholders.
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5.  Project activities, Implementing Partners and their selection
process were made available at the intervention location in local
languages.
 Monthly and quarterly progress reports were shared among the
stakeholders.
 Budget, if appropriate, shared with the beneficiaries and
stakeholders at the beginning of the project intervention.
 Equality:
 Equal opportunity provided for all clients by the beneficiary
institution/organization to maximize the benefit of the project.
 Beneficiary institution/staff increased inclusiveness in the
process of delivering their services.
 Equality respected by the beneficiary institution by practicing it
in their daily professional works.
 Responsiveness:
 The sensitivity of the beneficiary staff increased to the
aspiration of their clients.
 Response of beneficiary staff made within the very short span of
time upon any aspiration brought to them by the client and
service receivers or recipients.
 Any response by the beneficiary staff made on client centered
manner.
 Vision:
 Beneficiary institution/organization had clear vision and
strategy with the participation of the clients in all process of
their activities, so that they acquire sense of ownership and
responsibility for the progress.
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6.  Supervision:
 The efforts of benefiting organization/institution increased its
clients in its operation.
 The benefiting organization/institution increased participatory
supervision by involving its clients, in the operations.
 Professionalism:
 Capacity of beneficiary organization/institution built to deliver
easy, fast, accurate and affordable services for their clients.
 Services of beneficiary organization delivered on a systematic
and client oriented manner.
 Clients confidence increased on the service provider and trust
built between the clients and service providers.
 As a result, amity increased friendship fostered among the
clients.
 Unwanted delay reduced in the getting the services of the
client from the beneficiary institution/organization and avoided
disputes.
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7. Key Element 2:
Networking for Peacebuilding
Aim:
Establish networking for Peacebuilding and peace promotion among
social organizations.
Checklist
2. Peacebuilding network created
sports, recreation and creative activities:
 Sports/recreational clubs identified for peacebuilding
and peace promotion.
 Sports/recreational clubs capacitated to use the
sports/recreation as agent of peace.
 Sports/recreation utilized to increase attachment
points among youth with different ethnic, language,
and social groups.
 The youths from the sports/recreational clubs built
their healthy social relations horizontally, with the
department of sports in the district, in the province
and in national level.
 The youth involving in the sports built their
relationship vertically, with their fellow sports club
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8. members in their village, neighbor villages with
different ethnic, language and social groups.
 The men and women through the sports and
recreation made relationship with their families (from
personal to family).
 Cultural activities through creative creations promoted
among the youth (boys and girls) with deferent ethnic,
culture and social backgrounds.
 Traditional events promoted to understand pluralism
and multiculturalism among different ethnic, language,
religious and social groups in the society.
 Literature forums formed and strengthened to foster
inter cultural, inter religious understanding and
coexistence.
 Social media and community radio of the area
promoted the peace activities of sports, recreation and
creative initiatives.
Linking schools and institutions:
 Inter schools interactions increased to build peace
among and between students as well as among and
between teachers.
 Institutional linkage created and strengthened to
promote relationship through education.
 Educational authorities, parents, teachers and
principals positively interacted and built social relation
through educational means.
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9. Connecting youth and women organizations:
 Youths (both male and female) in the village become
member of social organization which care them as
social construct and utilize their potentiality for
community development.
 Their (both male and female) feeling of deprived has
been transformed into better future through training
to find employment opportunities.
 Self-esteem of the youth, male and female, gained
and maintained by being inclusiveness with the society
(this reduce violent nature or crisis mind set of them).
 Linkage of those organizations, youth and women,
with the vocational training, International Labor
Organization (ILO), Ministry of Youth Empowerment
etc, established.
 Network created between the youth and women
organizations and those of district chamber of
commerce, trading associations, micro finance
institutions, rural development banks etc.
 ..
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10. Key Element 3:
Conflict Transformational Skills
Aim:
Build the capacity of clients, beneficiaries, CBOS and service providers on
conflict transformational skills, such as mediation, negotiation and
reconciliation to avoid conflict and enhance social cohesion.
Checklist
3. Mediation and negotiation:
 Community mediation bodies identified and capacity built on
the mediation process with steps.
 Mediation process with stages (stage1: introduction, stage2:
Telling the story (description), stage3: Understanding the
problem, stage 4: towards resolution, stage5: resolution)
understood and applied in the works.
 Community mediation mechanisms identified and promoted
through development activities.
 Exposed and expressed in the village context during
community level interaction between and among villagers
and mediation professionals.
 Husband-wife, parents-children relation, improved through
development activities by building their communicational
skills.
 Relationship improved between the neighbors by negotiating
dispute through constructive communication.
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11. Local dispute mechanism and local reconciliation forum:
 Local reconciliation mechanism identified and
promoted by involving them for the development
activities.
 Honest acknowledgement of the harm /injury each
party has influenced on the other made through
increasing interaction for development activities. (this
is ideal when the project beneficiaries are from
affected communities and the project gives the
opportunity for honest acknowledgement.)
 Opportunity created for the parties involved in the
crisis/problem, for expressing sincere regrets and
remorse for the injury done, through the project
intervention.
 Readiness for apologize by the parties involved in the
dispute/conflict made by interacting for and through
project related activities.
 Readiness for the conflicting parties to ‘let go’ of the
anger and bitterness caused by the conflict and injury,
created by providing opportunity to interact for project
purpose.
 Commitment by the offender not to repeat the injury
ensured through the cause of implementing the
projects of development by reflecting on the activities
and social relationship.
 Sincere efforts to redress the past grievances that
caused by the conflict/dispute and compensate the
damage caused to the extend possible by the process
and content of the projects.
 Entering into a new mutually enriching relationship
through the process (designing, implanting and
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12. monitoring jointly with the parties involved in the
dispute/conflict) and content.
Key Element 4:
Local economic development
Aim: Build the positive relationship among and between the actors
involved in the business and livelihood activities.
Checklist
4. Market linkage and social interaction:
 Opportunities created to interact for conflicting parties through
market linkages and built relationship.
 Identify unemployed youth, male and female, and build their
capacity with linking to the prevailing markets of the community
context.
 Empowered women through micro finance and increased positive
interaction with their families-parent, husband and children.
 Employability created for youth, male and female, with different
ethnic, cultural and social background.
 Increased interaction among between the business community and
farmers through the project intervention.
 Increased positive interaction between the financing agencies and
entrepreneurs through livelihood project activities.
 Increase positive relationship among and between producer, seller,
packing the products, transporter of the products, warehouse
keeper of the products, consumers etc through development
intervention activities.
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