3. Introduction
• Organ of phonation
• Part of air passage
– Regulates passage of air in
inspiration and expiration
• Act as Sphincter at Inlet of
Lower Respiratory Tract
• Upper Respiratory tract?
4. Situation & Extent
• Lies in anterior midline of neck
• From root of Tongue to Trachea
• From laryngeal inlet up to
lower border of cricoid cartilage
• Opp to C3 to C6 vertebrae
in men
• Slightly higher in female &
children
5. Measurements
In Males In Females
Length 44 mm. 36 mm.
Transverse diameter 43 mm. 41 mm.
A-P diameter 36 mm 26 mm.
Circumference 136 mm. 112 mm.
Until puberty there is little difference b/w male & female
larynx.
After puberty:- Male larynx undergoes considerable increase;
thyroid cartilage becomes prominent – Adam’s Apple
6. Constitution of larynx
• 9 Cartilages:
– Connected by
• Joints
• Ligaments
• Membranes
– Moved by
• 8 Muscles(Intrinsic)
• Cavity – Mucous membrane
9. • Shield shaped, open posteriorly, angulated anteriorly
• Largest cartilage of larynx
• Protect larynx
• Provide an attachment to vocal cords
Thyroid Cartilage
24. • Thyroid,
• Cricoid
• Base of Arytenoids
Histology of Laryngeal Cartilages:
• Hyaline Cartilage
• May ossify after 25 yrs
of age
• Epiglottis,
• Corniculate,
• Cuneiform
• Processes of Arytenoid
• Elastic
• They do not ossify
36. Laryngeal Inlet
Above & In Front
Upper Margin of
Epiglottis
Below & Behind
Inter-arytenoid fold
of Mucous Memb
On Each Side
Ary-epiglottic Fold
Closure by apposition
of Ary-epiglottic Fold
40. Laryngeal Cavity
Supraglottic Part / Vestibule
Above Vestibule
Glottic Part / Sinus / Ventricle
Between Vestibular & Vocal Folds
Infraglottic Part
Below Vestibule
41. Sinus / Ventricle of Larynx
Vestibular Fold
Sinus Of Morgagni
Lamina of Thyroid Cartilage
Saccule Of Larynx
Mucous Glands
Lubrication of Vocal Cords
60. Lymphatic Drainage
• Above VC upper
deep cervical =
anterosuperior
group
• Below VC lower
deep cervical =
posteroinferior
group
Upper deep
cervical
Lower deep
cervical
66. Classification Of Laryngeal Paralysis
• May be unilateral or
bilateral and may involve
1. Recurrent laryngeal nerve
2. Superior laryngeal nerve
a. External LN
b. Internal LN
67. RLN Paralysis
• Moderate trauma produces only abductor
paralysis.
• Severe injury or section of nerve produces
both abductor and adductor paralysis.
• Vocal cords lies in cadaveric position – Bet
Abducted & Adducted position
• Phonation is completely lost
• Semon's law: Progressive moderate lesion
– Abductor: first to paralyzed & last to
recover
68. Unilateral Abductor Paralysis
Paralysis of recurrent laryngeal nerve.
Vocal cord lies in median or paramedian position, doesn’t move
on deep inspiration.
Initial hoarseness.
No regurgitation.
Vocal cord compensation occurs leading
to improvement of voice.
69. Laryngeal Obstruction
• Produce severe protective
cough reflex
• If Internal laryngeal nerve
is damaged
• Break reflex arc
• Allow entry of foreign
body
• Obstructiom
