Review the present scenario of GMO crops in the world and Bangladseh. Make clear concept about genetically modified foods. To brought out the answer are genetically modified crops/food are safe for consumer?

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2. PRESENTD BY:
MD. MOSHIUR RAHMAN
MS Student
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding
REG: 14-05938
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207
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3. Outline of the Presentation
 Introduction
 Objectives
 Materials and Method
 Result and Discussion
 Conclusion
 Recommendations
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4. Introduction
 Genetically modified organism (GMO), organism
whose genome has been engineered in the
laboratory in order to favour the expression of
desired physiological traits.
 Usually by the inclusion of genes from unrelated
species of organisms that code for traits that
would not be obtained easily through
conventional selective breeding.
(Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Apr 10, 2020)
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5.  Changing the way the plant grows, or making it
resistant to a particular disease.
 “Gene Revolution” can help both hungry
humanity and the sensitive environment which
uses biotechnology to create new genetically
modified or “GM” crops.
 Bangladesh also takes GMO food to meet its
demand.
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7. Objectives
 Review the present scenario of GMO crops
in the world and Bangladseh.
 Make clear concept about genetically modified
foods.
 To brought out the answer are genetically
modified crops/food are safe for consumer?
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8. Materials
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9. Result and Discussion
 According to ‘World Health Organization’ Genetically modified (GM)
foods are foods derived from organisms whose genetic material
(DNA) has been modified in a way at does not occur naturally, i.e.
through the introduction of a gene from a different organism.
 GM crops are described by many different names-
 Genetically Engineered crops (GE)
 Transgenic or Biotech crops
 Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)
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10. How does GMO
develop?
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11. Figure 1 : GM Plant Development process
(Source : Zimmermann, 2002) 11

12. Fig 2: Difference between Traditional plant breeding and GMO
(Source: gutstandgrowth.com) 12

13. Global Scenario
Figure 3 : GMO Adopted Countries
(Source: ISAAA,2017) 13

14. Figure 4 : GMO producing Countries
(Source: ISAAA, 2014) 14

15. Figure 5 :Present Status of GMO crops
(Source: ISAAA, 2017) 15

16. GMO : Bangladesh Aspect
GMO Crop Organization Year of release Comments
BARI Bt Brinjal-1 (Uttara) BARI 2013 Cultivating by farmers
BARI Bt Brinjal-2 (Kazla) BARI 2013 Cultivating by farmers
BARI Bt Brinjal-3 (Nayantara) BARI 2013 Cultivating by farmers
BARI Bt Brinjal-4 (ISD 006) BARI 2013 Cultivating by farmers
Late blight resistant potato BARI Waiting for release Field testing
Bt cotton CDB Waiting for release Field testing
Golden rice BRRI Waiting for release Vitamin A riches
Table 1 : GMO condition in Bangladesh
(Source : Daily Star, 2014; Daily Star, 2018) 16

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18. Figure 6 : Economical Benefit Of Gmo Crops
(Source :ISAAA, 2014) 18

19. Bt Brinjal
Flavor savor tomato
Late Blight Resistant Potato
GM Rice
Prospects
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20.  Bt eggplant, or brinjal as it’s known in Bangladesh, is the first
genetically engineered food crop to be successfully introduced in
South Asia.
 The Bt brinjal is a suite of transgenic brinjals created by inserting a
crystal protein gene (Cry1Ac) from the soil bacterium Bacillus
thuringiensis into the genome of various brinjal cultivars.
 “Farmers growing Bt brinjal in Bangladesh are seeing 3 times the
production of other brinjal varieties, at half the production cost, and
are getting better prices at the market.” (M.hossain,2016)
Bt Brinjal
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Figure 7: BARI Released Bt Brinjal varieties
(Source: BARI, 2014) 21

22. Table 2: Bt brinjal adoption in Bangladesh
(Source: United News of Bangladesh, 2018) 22

23. Fig 8: Bt brinjal adoption in Bangladesh
(Source: United News of Bangladesh, 2018) 23

24. Late Blight Resistant Potato
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 Potato, an important crop in Bangladesh, is grown on over half a
million hectares producing 8.9 million tons of potato annually.
 The average potato yield in Bangladesh is about 19 tons per hectare,
significantly lower than world average due to heavy infestation of late
blight disease.
 Cultivation of the LBR variety potatoes having yield potential of 35-40
tones per hectare, which is over 40 percent higher than the traditional
varieties, to earn more profits.(BARI,2016)
 The nation will not need to import 500 tones of fungicides at Taka 500-
crore annually if the farmers cultivate LBR variety of potatoes.
(BARI,2016) 24

25. Fig 9: Late Blight of potato (Source: Daily
Telegraph, 2019)
Fig 10: Field trail of Blight Resistant GM
potato (Source: ISAAA, 2019)
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26. Flavor savor tomato
 In our country flavor savor tomato introduce by the
company Monsanto.
 According to the name of scientist Flavor savor its
name is Flavor savor tomato.
 Through genetic engineering, to slow down the ripening
process of the tomato and thus prevent it from softening,
while still allowing the tomato to retain its natural color
and flavor.
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27. Fig 11: Life shelf of GMO tomato
(Source: Datta.et.al) 27

28. GM Rice Ready for Release
(Golden Rice)
 According to World Health Organization (WHO 2010) global
database on vitamin A deficiency, one in every five pre-school
children in Bangladesh is vitamin A-deficient. Among pregnant
women, 23.7 percent suffer from the deficiency.
 Normal rice does not contain any beta carotene. The resulting
Golden Rice yielded 3 – 4 µg carotene/g of dry rice.
 Golden Rice is a good resource for a supplementary source of
-carotene and subsequently, vitamin A.
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29. Fig 12: Food Source with Beta carotine content
(Source: Grain.org, 2018) 29

30. Fig 13: Daily Energy intake for Bangladesh
(Source: IFPRI, 2017) 30

31. 31
Adult Children under 7
RNI(RE) 500 450
Contribution from Golden Rice(RE) 775 338
Contribution from other diet 245 112
RNI coverage 204 112
RNI, recommended daily nutrient intake (WHO/FAO); RE, retinol (vitamin A) equivalents. Golden Rice contribution
calculated based on 31 μg/g β-carotene (GR2 levels), 1:12 vitamin A/β-carotene conversion, and 25 percent loss
during cooking; 400 g of rice were used for adults, 200 g for children. Conservative values were used for consumption,
conversion rate and cooking losses.. (Source:FAO,2016)
Table 3 : Potential benefits of Golden Rice in Bangladesh
(Source: FAO, 2016) 31

32.  Changing plant may have lasting effects on other organisms in
the ecosystem. The change in a plant may cause it to be toxic
to an insect or animal that uses it as its main food source.
 Due to the widespread use of insect resistant genes in crops
the insects may become resistant to the genetic modifications.
This world causes a widespread loss of crops and plants that
have the natural immunity leading to a loss in biodiversity.
 Breeding and cross pollination across unintended species
could occur resulting in things such as insect resistant weeds.
Challenges of GMOs:
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33. Figure 14 : Challenges Of GM crops
(Source: ISAAA, 2014) 33

34. Conclusions
 Present status of GMO crop is satisfactory considering among South
Asian countries but not up to the level comparing population growth.
Bright scopes are waiting to utilize GMO to meet country demand.
 The concept of the consumer is not clear about GMOs. Scientist
communities especially agro knowledge based society should give
effort to remove fear facto of consumer about GMO.
 Genetically modified organism (GMO) foods are feared and hated by
environmentalists and the public alike. Yet the scientific assessment of
GMOs is remarkably different. Every major scientific evaluation of
GMO technology has concluded that GMOs are safe for human
consumption and are a benefit to the environment.
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35. Recommendations
 I agree with the use of transgenic crops. I think that they
should be used, because the new organisms have some
benefits that can be very useful.
 It could potentially solve hunger. As genetically modified foods
increase the yields of crops, more food is produced by
farmers.
 Golden Rice helps people who eat rice, but don’t get enough
vitamin A. Also, there are crops that are resistant to herbicide,
which saves farmers time and money.
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36. Source: ISAAA 36

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