2. Monuments
 Relevant to monuments is
architecture. Everything
around us is architecture.
The house you live in, the
buildings you see…… they
are all perfect examples.
 Europe, since the ancient
days, has been well known
for its brilliant monuments.
 Its examples range from
the Roman Coliseum
(Background), built in 72
AD, to the ultra-modern
Parliament in Brussels
(right).

3. The Big Ben (actually, the Clock
Tower)
 It is interesting to note a common misconception:
The "Big Ben" is not the Clock or the Clock Tower; it
is actually the bell that chimes.
 It weighs 14 tons and was cast in Whitechapel.
 It is named after Sir Benjamin Hall, the Chief
Commissioner of the works when the Clock Tower
was finally completed in 1858.
 Actually, The Big Ben is the second bell for the
Clock Tower: the original broke during a tests
ringing.
 The Clock Tower, along with the Palace of
Westminster, is an excellent example of Neo-Gothic
Architecture.

4. The Palace of Westminster
 Work on the Palace began in 1042, but the
devastating fire of 1834 destroyed a large
part of the original building.
 It was rebuilt from 1834 – 1868. It was
during this time the Clock Tower was
introduced.
 The Palace of Westminster is a brilliant
example of Neo-Gothic architecture in
London.
 It now serves as the House of Parliament.

5. Westminster Abbey
 Westminster Abbey
is one of the most
impressive buildings
in Europe. Pictured
is its west façade,
and the background
of the slide is its
interior.
 It acts as a memorial
for noteworthy
individuals such as
Oscar Wilde.

6. The Tower Bridge
 The Tower Bridge gets its name from
the London Tower nearby. It became
functional in 1894.
 It has become an iconic symbol of
London.
 It is a combined bascule and suspension
bridge that connects two sides of the
Thames.

7. La Tour Eiffel
 Something that is world-famous today…
could it actually have been hated, once
upon a time?
 The Eiffel Tower, the most famous symbol
of France, was originally despised by many
brilliant minds, including Alexandre Dumas,
who believed it was like a “blotch” on Paris.
 Nevertheless, Gustave Eiffel’s puddle-iron
masterpiece persevered and remains to
this day, the first modern structure and one
of the most beautiful structures in the
world.

8. L’Arc de Triomphe
 The arc of triumph was built by the
notoriously dwarfish, yet cunning
general Napoleon Bonaparte after their
victory at Austerlitz.
 The Arc is the second largest arc in the
world.
 In fact, it is so large, that after the end of
hostilities of the World War 1, Charles
Godefroy flew his biplane through it.

9. Château de Versailles
 When the palace was
built, Versailles was a
village in France; now, it
is one of the largest
suburbs of Paris.
 The Palace, which was
originally thought of by
Louis the XIV, is famed
for its gardens.
 On the right is the layout
of the palace in 1746. It
is in this palace that the
famed Hall of Mirrors is
found.

10. The Roman Coliseum
 Blood, sweat, and tears! Italy is the home to one of
the bloodiest arenas in the world, where people
(termed as gladiators) were forced or chose to fight.
 The construction of the amphitheater was started by
emperor Vespasian of the Flavian dynasty in 72 AD
and was finished by his son Titus in 80 AD.
 During the Coliseum’s opening ceremonies,
spectacles were held for 100 days in which 5,000 of
animals and 2,000 gladiators were killed.
 The Coliseum was capable of holding 50,000
spectators.

11. The Arch of Constantine
 Built in 315 AD as a commemoration of
the victory of Constantine I over
Maxentius at Milvian Bridge in AD 312.
 It is located in the valley of the Coliseum
and marks an important part of
traditional proceedings.

12. Roman Pantheon
 In Rome, we meet another Pantheon.
 It is a Roman temple built in 126 AD by
Publius Aelius Hadrianus.
 Even 2000 years after it was built, today,
the dome of the Pantheon is the world’s
largest unreinforced concrete dome.
 It is not secular, unlike its French
counterpart. Since the 7th
Century, it has
been used as a Catholic Church
dedicated to St. Mary and the Martyrs.

13. Pompeii
 The eruption of Mount
Vesuvius in AD 79
changed the lives of
the people. Most were
immediately buried
alive by the ash that
formed a shell around
their bodies (see left).
 It is for such a terrible
thing that Pompeii
finally received
attention.
 It is now a UNESCO
World Heritage Site.

14. Athenian Acropolis
 The most important of the archaeological
remains on the Acropolis is without question
the Parthenon, completed in 432 BC and
dedicated to Athena, the Greek goddess of
courage, inspiration and wisdom.
 Further significant Acropolis attractions include
the
Erechtheion Temple,
the Odeon of Herodes Atticus,
the Old Temple of Athena,
the Sanctuary of Zeus Polieus,
the Temple of Athena Nike, and the
Propylaea.

15. Theatre of Dionysus
Eleuthereus
 Dating back to the 5th
century, the
theatre this giant amphitheatre began its
life as a more modest wooden structure,
before being constructed in stone during
the 6th century.
 It can contain about 20,000 spectators.

16. Hellenic Parliament
 The Hellenic Parliament building, completed in the
early 1840s, began its life as a royal palace.
 However, it was not long before a great fire in 1909
destroyed it and it had to be reconstructed.
 In the early 1920s, when Greek monarchy was
abolished, it first became a hospital, and later a
museum.
 In 1929, the government decreed that the former
palace would become the official home of
parliament, and whilst the monarchy was restored in
1935 (being later abolished again in 1973), this
landmark has remained as the Hellenic Parliament
building ever since.

17. EU Parliament
 In stark contrast with
the sober, historical
structures flaunted by
this presentation, the
EU Parliament in
Brussels is one of the
most modern
buildings in the world.
 One glance at its
beautiful design is
sure to leave you
amazed.

18. The Atomium
 This unique
monument is just as
modern as the
Parliament.
 Built for the
Universal Exhibition
of 1958, it
represents a
molecule of 9 atoms
joined together.

19. Anglo-Belgian Memorial
 It was built and unveiled by the Prince of
Wales.
 It was officially unveiled in 1923.
 It is a commemoration to the support
given by the Belgian People to British
Prisoners of War in World War 1.

20. The statue of liberty was a gift given to
us by the French to celebrate are
friendship.
It was also made to celebrate the
declaration of independence.
Frederie Auguste Barholdi was
assigned to design it.
They started to build the statue of
Liberty in 1875.
The statue of liberty is in New York
city.
Statue of Liberty

21. A war memorial is made to remember a
victory of a war.
The second reasons is to honor the
people who died.
There are many different war memorials
but here are some of them Arc de
Triomphe and Nelson's Column.
For the big wars there are many different
memorials.
War memorials

22. in 1808 and ended in 1825. The Erie Canal is famous for
its song and poetry.
The building of the canal started
The Erie Canal linked the Hudson River and Lake Erie.
People started to call it the eighth wonder of the world.
It used to be called Clintons Big Ditch when it had no
water
The canal is about 4 feet deep.
The Erie canal passes
through Spencerport
Erie Canal

23. IT WAS BUILD BY ANIT WAS BUILD BY AN
EMPEROR CALLEDEMPEROR CALLED
SHAN JAHAN IN THESHAN JAHAN IN THE
MEMORY OF HISMEMORY OF HIS
BELOVED WIFEBELOVED WIFE
MUMTAZ MAHAL.MUMTAZ MAHAL.
IT TOOK 20,000IT TOOK 20,000
LABOURERS ANLABOURERS AN
CRAFTSMEN TOCRAFTSMEN TO
COMPLETE IT IN 22COMPLETE IT IN 22
YEARSYEARS

24. THE QUTUB MINAR IS THETHE QUTUB MINAR IS THE
HIGHEST STONE TOWER INHIGHEST STONE TOWER IN
INDIA.INDIA.
IT IS SITUATED AT DELHI.IT IS SITUATED AT DELHI.
IT WAS STARTED BUILDINGIT WAS STARTED BUILDING
BY A KING NAMEDBY A KING NAMED
QUTUB-UD-DIN AIBAKQUTUB-UD-DIN AIBAK
AND WAS COMPLETED BYAND WAS COMPLETED BY
ILTUTMISH WHO WASILTUTMISH WHO WAS
THE NEXT KING.THE NEXT KING.

25. IT IS LOVATED ATIT IS LOVATED AT
JAIPUR.JAIPUR.
HAWA MAHAL WASHAWA MAHAL WAS
BUILT BY MAHARAJABUILT BY MAHARAJA
SWAI PRATAP SINGHSWAI PRATAP SINGH
II.II.
IT IS ALSO KNOWN ASIT IS ALSO KNOWN AS
THE PALACE OFTHE PALACE OF
WINDS.WINDS.

26. IT IS LOCATED ATIT IS LOCATED AT
HYDERAVBAD.HYDERAVBAD.
IT WAS BUILT BYIT WAS BUILT BY
MAHARAJA SULTANMAHARAJA SULTAN
MOHAMMOD OULIMOHAMMOD OULI
OUTB SHAH.OUTB SHAH.
IT IS MORE THAN 400IT IS MORE THAN 400
YEARS OLD.YEARS OLD.
ITS EACH TOWER’SITS EACH TOWER’S
HIGHT IS 53 METRES.HIGHT IS 53 METRES.

27. Thank You!
I hope the audiences have learned
something (or rather more than just
something).
Thank you all for patient hearing.