2. 2
COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE METHODOLOGICAL
APPROACHES IN CULTURE & COMMUNICATION
Anthropological Sociological Psychological Socio-psychological
Focuses on ancient
culture, social
problems and
institutions
Focuses on social groups
and societal process
Focuses on the
individual human
mind and behavior
Focuses on individuals
Studies
development,
structure, and
human functioning
of human society
Studies groups within
society and society as a
whole to analyze how
people behave as part of
a social system
Studies behavior of
individual society
and not the society
as such
Studies how society and
social environment affects
individuals behavior
3. 3
Example of a cultural study conducted in the Philippines
4. 4
RATAGNON MANGYANS’ JUSTICE SYSTEM
IN OCCIDENTAL MINDORO
Mary Yole Apple Declaro-Ruedas
Occidental Mindoro State College
San Jose, Occidental Mindoro
ABSTRACT
The study aims to determine the contemporary practices in the Ratagnon administration of
justice in Magsaysay, Occidental Mindoro. It also determines the elements of a Ratagnon
Mangyan’sjusticesystem,andidentifyhowtheIPjusticesystem relateswith theKatarungang
Pambarangay or the prevailing justice system.
The case study design was employed in accordance with the customary laws of the tribe. The
gurangons or “elders”, tribal council and other barangay officials had served as the
respondents of the study. Result shows that the contemporary practice in the Ratagnon
administration of justice in includes the “gurangons” in the settlement of dispute and conflicts.
The Ratagnon Mangyan’s justice system’ elements were conflict resolution, support for
children in the process and penalty are not dictated by a penal code. The Ratagnon justice
system differs with the Katarungang Pambarangay in view of children, view of justice, where
judgment emanates, end goal of process, guidelines for resolution, actors, agency, criminal
justice system, and function.
Keywords: justice system, conflict resolution, Ratagnon
