workshop 5 slides

3. What is Nanotechnology? Born in 1959 -- “There’s plenty of room at the bottom” Richard Feynman nano technology 10 -9 one billionth useful things here it is referring to nanometers

4. What is Nanotechnology? Expanding field encompassing all sciences (Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Engineering, Maths)

5. Scanning tunneling microscope (STM) image of Xenon on Nickel at 4 K

7. The art of atomic or molecular control for the development of useful devices. Why control things at this level?? atoms, molecules, proteins, lipids, etc. Planned control

8. Size Does Matter This is gold

12. Richard Smalley’s View Problems to be solved 1. Energy 2. Water 3. Food 4. Environment 5. Poverty 6. Terrorism and war 7. Disease 8. Education 9. Democracy 10. Population Richard E. Smalley, “Future Global Energy Prosperity: The Terawatt Challenge” MRS Bulletin 30 412 – 417 (2005). Frontiers of Materials Research presentation given on December 2, 2004.

13. Energy

15. Carbon Footprint E.G . Hertwich and G . P . Peters, Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43 , 6414–6420

16. Photovoltaic Approaches

17. Dye Solar Cells

18. Dye Solar Cells with Nanotubes

19. CNT-Polymer Solar Cell with Ralph Krupke, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany

20. CNT-Polymer Solar Cell with Ralph Krupke, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany

21. Medicine

23. Sirtex Medical Inc. Radioactive Y in particles on the micron scale

24. Sirtex Medical Inc. Radioactive Y in particles on the micron scale Beta emitters--pentration depth of 2.5 mm Before 4 months 14 months 8 months

25. Making Onions Dendrimers are a novel class of 3D nanoscale, core-shell structures that can be precisely synthesised for a wide range of applications. Control the size very precisely Put things in each layer Coat the Outside in Different ways

26. Making the Lame Walk From Prof. Sam Stupp, Northwestern University, USA Nano Treatment

28. Water Filtration

29. RO Membranes

30. Water Filtration Credit: M. Denomme, University of Kentucky Jason Holt, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

31. Ultimate Goal?

32. Transport Experiments t = 0 min t = 30 min Hydrophilic dye Eosin Yellow Perfluorodecane- thiol (PFDT) Highly Hydrophobic

33. Potential Hazards

34. A few myths: Nanoparticles are new things Our bodies have never seen them before What is the effect of nanoparticles on the human system?

35. What about nanoparticles in our blood stream? Digestive system? Will they cross the blood-brain barrier? Currently it appears the immune system does not react to really small particles. What is the effect of nanoparticles on the human system?

36. Life cycle analysis of nanoparticles for identifying Nanosafety research projects in CSIRO Courtesy of Dr. Maxine McCall, CSIRO

37. Future of Nanotechnology The future lies in self-assembly of __________(3D) There are now lots of examples of controlled assembly. The next step is to convince the molecules to self-assemble into something that you want. Nature does this all the time

38. The ultimate nanotech?

40. RO Membranes

41. Osomosis

42. Reverse Osomosis

43. Systems Under Investigation Could be Made from Polycarbonate, Alumina or Silicon Pores have sizes from a few nanometres up to a few microns What elements can we control to “program” our separations?

44. Systems Under Investigation Pore Size Chemical Nature of the Pores Switchable “Gate Keepers”

46. SEM images of surface after 24h of gold plating

47. Verify gold deposition inside the pores by removing the PA template

49. Systems Under Investigation Pore Size Chemical Nature of the Pores Switchable “Gate Keepers”

50. Systems Under Investigation Pore Size Chemical Nature of the Pores Switchable “Gate Keepers”

51. Systems Under Investigation Pore Size Chemical Nature of the Pores Switchable “Gate Keepers”

52. Switchable Surfaces

53. Switchable Surfaces

55. Size does matter -- even in the most basic things

56. Nanoparticles in use for 1000s of years Faraday did the first study What’s new?? Self-cleaning paints Lifetimes?? Very Reactive

58. Attachment of Solar Active Elements

59. Solar Cell Output Voltage (V) Current Density (A cm -2 )

60. ANT (Advanced Nanopowder Technology) (Micronisers PL does very similar things as well) Makes ZnO particles which are very small and all the same size

61. AMBRI

62. Dendritic Nanotechnologies Limited (Melbourne) functions and dimensions that scale very closely to a wide variety of important biological polymers and assemblies (i.e. proteins, DNA, etc). plexiglass epoxies

63. Dendritic Nanotechnologies Limited (Melbourne) Dendrimers are a novel class of 3D nanoscale, core-shell structures that can be precisely synthesised for a wide range of applications. Building on a central core, dendrimers are formed by the step-wise, sequential addition of concentric shells consisting of branched molecules and connector groups. Each branched shell is referred to as a generation. Up to ten generations can be incorporated into a single dendrimer molecule.

64. Dendritic Nanotechnologies Limited (Melbourne) Dendrimers possess inherently valuable physical, chemical and biological properties. These include: * Precise architecture, size and shape control * High uniformity and purity * High loading capacity * High shear resistance * Low toxicity * Low immunogenicity The surface properties of dendrimers may be manipulated: * Polyvalency * Flexible charge and solubility properties * Flexible binding properties * Transfection

65. Outcomes of Nanotechnology The way we live will be changed Medicine (Health Care) Computing Going to the Beach!! TV--Houses Everything else? Jobs There will be many less factories NO dirty windows or clothes??

66. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-jJywQvnVnc Current Approach to Water Filtration