SYSTEMATICS: Based on Evolutionary Relationships
•Transferir como PPT, PDF•
17 gostaram•15,294 visualizações
1. The document discusses the history and development of taxonomy, the classification of living things. It describes early systems by Aristotle and Linnaeus and the modern five-kingdom system. 2. Carolus Linnaeus developed the binomial nomenclature system using Latin names, consisting of genus and species, which is still used today. 3. Modern taxonomy is based on multiple lines of evidence including morphology, fossils, embryology, chromosomes, and biomolecules to classify organisms and show their evolutionary relationships.
Recomendados
Mais conteúdo relacionado
Mais procurados
Mais procurados (20)
Semelhante a SYSTEMATICS: Based on Evolutionary Relationships
Semelhante a SYSTEMATICS: Based on Evolutionary Relationships (20)
Último
Último (20)
SYSTEMATICS: Based on Evolutionary Relationships
- 1. Prepared by:Prepared by: Ms. Mary Jiemer C. Benolirao, LPTMs. Mary Jiemer C. Benolirao, LPT
- 7. _______________ Branch of biology that names and groups organisms according to their: TAXONOMY 1. CHARACTERISTICS 2. EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY
- 8. The first person to group or classify organisms was the Greek teacher & philosopher more than 2000 years ago. (300 B.C.) ARISTOTLE Image from: http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/aristotle.html
- 9. Aristotle’s System Based on size of stem PLANTS: Based on where they lived ANIMALS:
- 10. BUT...
- 11. 1. Not all organisms fit into Aristotle’s 2 groups (plants or animals) Bacteria Mushroom Images from: http://www.leighday.co.uk/upload/public/docImages/6/Listeria%20bacteria.jpg http://danny.oz.au/travel/iceland/p/3571-fungi.jpg
- 12. 2. Common names can be misleading Sea cucumber sounds like a plant but… it’s an animal! A jelly fish isn’t a fish, but a seahorse is! Image from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jellyfish Image from: http://www.alaska.net/~scubaguy/images/seacucumber.jpg
- 13. 3. Common names vary from place to place Ex: puma, catamount, mountain lion, cougar are all names for same animal Image from: http://www4.d25.k12.id.us/ihil/images/Cougar.jpg
- 14. 4. Same organisms have different names in different countries. Chipmunk Streifenhornchen (German) Tamia (Italian) Ardilla listada (Spanish) Image from: http://www.entm.purdue.edu/wildlife/chipmunk_pictures.htm
- 16. Some early scientists devised scientific names using long descriptions in LATIN. RED OAK Quercus foliis obtuse-sinuatis setaceo-mucronatis “oak with leaves with deep blunt lobes bearing hairlike bristles”
- 18. Names too hard too long to remember! Names don’t show relationships between different animals or plants.
- 19. Carolus Linnaeus comes to the rescue! Devised a new classification system based on _________________ (1707-1778) MORPHOLOGY Image from: http://www.medusozoa.com/images/linnaeus.jpg
- 20. Linnaeus’s System Grouped in a _____________ of 7 different levels Each organism has a two part LATIN __________________ HIERARCHY SCIENTIFIC NAME
- 24. BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE (2 name naming system) • 1st name = _______________ –Always capitalized •2nd name = _________________ –Always lower case •Both names are ______________ or written in ____________. GENUS NAME SPECIES IDENTIFIER UNDERLINED ITALICS
- 25. Binomial Nomenclature Vampire bat Desmodus rotundus Eastern chipmunk Tamias striatus Image from: http://212.84.179.117/i/Vampire%20Bat.jpg Image from: http://www.entm.purdue.edu/wildlife/chipmunk_pictures.htm
- 26. Binomial nomenclature Humans Homo sapiens Image from: http://www.earlylearning.ubc.ca/images/photo_baby.jpg
- 27. So what do we use now? Still use Linnaeus’s system: but we have added more _____________KINGDOMS Remember: Linnaeus only had 2. MODERN TAXONOMY
- 28. MODERN TAXONOMY organizes living things in the context of _________________Evolution http://animals.timduru.org/dirlist/dino/FlyingDinosaurus-Pterodon-
- 29. MODERN TAXONOMY Fossil record Morphology Scientists use different kinds of info to classify organisms: 1.______________________ 2.______________________ 3.______________________ 4.______________________ 5.______________________ Embryology Chromosomes Macromolecules (DNA & proteins)
- 30. 1. FOSSIL RECORD We can trace some changes over time through the fossil record. http://www.familyeducation.com/printables/display/0,2361,1650,00.gif
- 31. 2. MORPHOLOGY Shape and Function Image from: http://www.angelfire.com/ab7/evolution12/evolutionclues.html
- 32. MORPHOLOGY _________________ characteristics: same embryological origin (may have similar structure and function) e.g: __________________________ HOMOLOGOUS Homologous characteristics suggest a _____________________. Bat wing & human arm Recent common ancestor
- 33. Bat wing and human arm develop from same embryonic structures HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES Image from: http://www.angelfire.com/ab7/evolution12/evolutionclues.html
- 34. MORPHOLOGY ANALOGOUS______________ characteristics: may have similar structure & function but different embryological origin e.g: _______________________Bird wing & butterfly wing ANALOGOUS characteristics evolved separately. Organisms ________________________.NOT CLOSELY RELATED
- 35. Bird wing and butterfly wing have evolved with similar function BUT different structure inside. Insects and birds NOT closely related! ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES http://uk.dk.com/static/cs/uk/11/clipart/bird/image_bird003.html http://www.naturenorth.com/butterfly/images/05a%20tiger%20wing.jpg
- 36. 3. EMBRYOLOGY Image from: http://calspace.ucsd.edu/virtualmuseum/litu/03_3.shtml Animals whose embryos develop in a similar pattern may be related
- 37. 4. CHROMOSOMES Similar karyotypes suggest closer relationships. Human: http://www.nationmaster.com/wikimir/images/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/18/300px-Human_karyogram.png Chimpanzee: Middle School Life Science , published by Kendall/Hunt.
- 38. Human: http://www.nationmaster.com/wikimir/images/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/18/300px-Human_karyogram.png Chimpanzee: Middle School Life Science , published by Kendall/Hunt. Human- 46 chromosomes Chimpanzee- 48 chromosomes Chimpanzees have 2 smaller chromosome pairs we don’t have Humans have 1 larger chromosome pair (#2) they don’t have.
- 39. 5. MICROMOLECULES Compare molecules like _________________ _________________ Organisms with similar sequences are probably more closely related. PROTEINS DNA
- 40. So what do we use now? ____________- based on multiple kinds of evidence 5 KINGDOMS Shows evolutionary relationships based on: Morphology Fossil records Embryology Chromosomes Macromolecules (DNA & Proteins) AnimaliaFungiEubacteria Protista Plantae
- 46. 1. Aristotle laid the real basis for modern classification and nomenclature. _________
- 47. 2. Nomenclature is the procedure of assigning names to the kinds and groups of animals to be classified. _________
- 48. 3. Taxonomy is a Branch of biology that names and groups organism according to their attitude and Evolutionary history.___________
- 49. 4. Physiology is a study based on organisms structure and functions.____________
- 50. 5. Binomial Nomenclature uses two words to designate a species._________________
- 51. 6. Scientists use the ff. kinds of info to classify organisms: Fossil Records, Morphology, Embryology, and based on its Chromosomes and based on its micromolecules. ________ ________
- 52. 7. Carolus Linnaeus was the first person to classify and name organisms. ______________
- 53. 8. When writing scientific names, the genus name should always be capitalized. ____________
- 54. 9. EVOLUTION is a process by which living organism have come to be what they are, structurally and functionally. ____________
- 55. 10. The six modern classification of organism are the ff: Monera, Animalia, Fungi, Protista, and plantae. __________