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Semelhante a Insulin Pumps Seminar
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Insulin Pumps Seminar
- 1. SEMINAR PRESENTATION TOPIC: INSULIN PUMPS 1 Subject in charge: Gowtham. M Asst. Professor RGIP Presented by: Mariyam Sakeena T A 1st MPharm Pharmaceutics RGIP
- 2. INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION People with diabetes cannot make their own insulin, a hormone that is normally secreted by the pancreas. Insulin is essential to metabolise sugar and hence generate energy. Currently most diabetics inject insulin 2 or more times per day, with the dose injected based on readings of their blood sugar level. 2
- 3. INSULIN PUMP A personal insulin pump is an external device that mimics the function of the pancreas. It uses an embedded sensor to measure blood sugar level at periodic intervals and then injects insulin to maintain the blood sugar at a ‘normal’ level. Also known as Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion Therapy. 3
- 4. The device configuration may vary depending on design. The traditional pump includes: The pump (controls, processing modules & batteries). A disposable reservoir for insulin (inside the pump). A disposable infusion set, including a canula for subcutaneous insertion (under the skin) & a tubing system to interface the insulin reservoir to the canula. 4
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- 6. EARLY INSULIN PUMPS (EARLY 1970S) 6
- 7. Present Day Insulin PumpsPresent Day Insulin Pumps 7
- 8. 8 How to use an insulin pump •Filling reservoir with insulin. •Once reservoir is filled remove the plunger. •Attached to the infusion set. •Put the new infusion set into the pump. •Prime the pump by pushing a few command button on your pump. (priming means fill the cord with insulin. During priming insulin come out of the needle end of infusion set.)
- 9. 9 • Once it is primed ,set the needle end of the infusion set in to the Quick-serter. • Sterilize the area planning to place the set. • Quick-serter loads the set into the place with the push of a button. • Remove the Quick-serter.
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- 12. INSULIN DELIVERY SYSTEM Data flow model of software-controlled insulin pump: 12 Insulin requirement computation Blood sugar analysis Blood sugar sensor Insulin delivery controller Insulin pump Blood Blood parameters Blood sugar level Insulin Pump control commands Insulin requirement
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- 14. 14 1. Insulin pump 2. Reservoir 3. Infusion set 4. Infusion set Insertion device Insulin pump: A small durable medical device that has, ◘ Buttons to program your insulin. ◘ LCD screen to show what you are programming.
- 15. 15 ◘ Battery compartment to hold 1 AAA alkaline battery. ◘ Reservoir compartment that holds insulin. • Reservoir: A plastic cartridge that holds the insulin that is locked in to the insulin pump. It comes with a transfer guard that assist with pulling the insulin from vial in to the reservoir. A reservoir can hold up to 300 units of insulin & is charged every 2-3 days.
- 16. 16 • Infusion set: An infusion set includes a thin tube that goes from the reservoir to the infusion site on your body. The canula is inserted with a small needle that is removed after it is in place. It goes in to the sites on your body similar to where you give your insulin injection. The infusion set is changed every 2-3 days.
- 17. 17 • Infusion set insertion device: An infusion set is placed in to the insertion device & with a push of a button , the infusion set is inserted quickly & easily.
- 18. 18 Dosing of insulin: •The insulin pump delivers a single type of rapid acting insulin in 2 ways. a.A bolus dose: That is pumped to cover food eaten or to correct a high blood glucose level. b.A basal dose: That is pumped continuously at adjustable basal rate to deliver insulin needed between meals & at night.
- 19. CHARACTERISTICS OF AN IDEAL INSULIN PUMP Deliver drug with in prescribed rates for extended periods (2-5 yrs). Accuracy & precision. Reliable. Chemically, physically & biologically stable. Compatible with drugs. Non-antigenic & non-carcinogenic. Must have over dose protection. Convenient to use. 19
- 20. 20 • Implantable by local anesthesia. • Able to monitor the performance of the pump. • Must be sterilizable. • Have wide delivery rate for basal & bolus deliveries to meet patient variability. • Long reservoir & battery life & easy programmability.
- 21. 21 Insulin pump today •ACCU-CHEK SPIRIT-ROCHE. •AMIGO-NIPRO CORPORATION. •DANA DIABECARE IIS-SOAIL DEVELOPMENT. •MINIMED PARADIGM REVEL- MEDTRONIC. •OMNIPOD-INSULET CORPORATION. •ONE TOUCH PING – ANIMAS CORPORATION.
- 22. EG: ♠ MINIMED 630G INSULIN PUMP • Waterproof protection. • Color screen with auto-brightness. • Easy-to-use menu and buttons. • Polished black exterior finish; easily customizable with a wide variety of personalized skins. • Highly accurate wireless CONTOUR® NEXT LINK 2.4 meter (a MiniMed system exclusive). 22
- 23. 23 • Quick, easy delivery of a bolus. • Small device worn on your body that continuously delivers insulin. • Tubing changes needed only every two or three days. • Multiple insulin delivery settings. • Flexible design that moves with your body. • Glucose readings in every five minutes, right on your pump.
- 24. 24 • Tracks your levels throughout the day, showing the effects of food, exercise and other activities. • Up-to-date information that makes it easier to spot trends and make adjustments. [Exclusive Contour® next Link 2.4 Meter : Its wireless transmission of results helps to ensure accurate CGM calibration, insulin dosing, and remote bolusing in an easy-to-use sleek design.]
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- 27. ♠ ACCU- CHECK INSULIN PUMP SYSTEM: The Accu-Chek Insight insulin pump system offers blood glucose monitoring, bolus advice, insulin delivery and data management in one system. FEATURES • Easy and intuitive for improved handling. • Full colour display with resistive touchscreen for a modern feel. 27
- 28. 28 • Simple on screen instructions for easy navigation. • Proven bolus advisor to help improve your glycaemic control. • Multiple reminders and warnings to give you peace of mind. • Full remote control of the pump via the handset - no need to get the pump out. • Personalised bolus advice adapted to your needs.
- 29. 29 • Electronic diary with full colour reports and graphs for data management on the go. • Pre-filled cartridges of insulin - no need to fill cartridges by hand. • Zoom function and coloured display • Simple on screen instructions for priming infusion sets.
- 30. 30 ACCU CHECK INSULIN PUMP SYSTEM
- 31. 31 Advantages of insulin pump : •Increased flexibility in lifestyle. •Predictable insulin delivery. •Precise insulin delivery. •Reducing episodes of severe hypoglycemia. •Reducing wide fluctuation in blood glucose. Disadvantages of insulin pump: •Risk of skin infection at the catheter site. •Risk of diabetic ketoacidosis from pump malfunction or absorption problems.
- 32. 32 • Cost of pumps are expensive. • Letting others know that you have diabetics.
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Notas do Editor
- In a healthy person insulin is produced and stored by the β-cells in the pancreas. In the absence of insulin or insulin deficiency, metabolism of carbohydrates, protein and fats are upset, ultimately resulting in Diabetes Mellitus. Clinically, diabetic patients require subcutaneous injection of exogenous insulin for the management of hyperglycemia. To maintain normal glucose levels in diabetic patients several new approaches are made like pancreatic islet cell transplant, insulin pumps, etc. Current practice for diabetes control relies on the sufferer measuring the level of glucose (sugar) in their blood then using their experience to judge how much insulin they should inject. They have to make predictions of how their future level of blood glucose will be affected by planned meals, exercise, etc. Failure to control blood sugar can result in a number of nasty side-effects such as blindness, kidney failure, heart disease and circulation problems. For reasons that are almost certainly related to current lifestyles, the number of diabetics in the population has increased significantly over the past few years. It has been estimated by the World Health Organisation that: “Diabetes cases in adults will more than double globally from 143 million in 1997 to 300 million by 2025 largely because of dietary and other lifestyle factors. “
- Insulin pump is a mechanical device which allows patients to achieve and maintain blood glucose at near normal level on a constant basis. Continuous infusion of insulin through the use of these small and light-weight pumps eliminates the need for the patient to adhere rigidly to a regimen of multiple daily injections of insulin. This provides convenience, better adherence, and control over the disease process. Personal insulin pumps are currently beyond the ‘state of the art’ although I believe that larger-scale devices of this type have been developed for use in hospitals. The key difficulty (I suspect) in developing such a system is that blood sugar sensors are invasive and there are probably problems with infections in developing such a system. In future, it may be possible to measure blood sugar level by looking at secretions on the skin and this would then make automated pumps possible. Personal insulin pumps are available but these are not ‘smart’ systems and they rely on users to make decisions about how much insulin to inject and when to inject it. To read more about them, see: http://www.minimed.com/files/how.htm
- Insulin pumps are designed to transmit drugs and fluids into the bloodstream without the repeated insertion of needles. These systems are particularly well suited to the drug delivery requirements of insulin, steroids, chemotherapeutics, antibiotics, analgesics, total parenteral nutrition, and heparin.
- Early insulin infusion pumps were large bedside units used mainly in hospitals. Today, an insulin pump is the size and weight of a personal pager. It is a plastic-encased computer device that can be worn in a pocket or on the belt. A computer chip in the pump allows the patient to program the amount of insulin for the pump to release. An alarm can be set to warn the patient of a low battery or to indicate that the insulin was not delivered. For optimal working efficiency, the patient should change the infusion site every 2 or 3 days or whenever the blood glucose is above 240 mg/dL for two tests in a row. This may indicate that the infusion set is not working properly.
- Peristaltic pumps: It is based on the principle of a portable pump. They are safer since no drug can be delivered in case of an electrical malfunction. A titanium chamber is used to house the pump, electronics, and battery in order to provide a hermatic seal. This is important in order to prevent contamination. The housing is further coated for enhanced biocompatibility. Internal components are made from corrosion-resistant materials.