5. Implantation Theory
(Sampson’s)
Retrograde menstruation
Common in obstructive Mullerian anomalies,
cryptomenorrohea.
Women with short & heavy menstrual cycles
Scar endometriosis
Dependant portion of pelvis
11. Superficial Endometriosis
( Peritoneal)
Dependent portion of pelvis.
Most common – surface of ovaries.
Pelvic peritoneum, pouch of Douglas, uterosacral ligaments,
Broad ligaments.
Appearance –
Early - Papular, vesicular
Hemorrhagic - red, flame shaped
Powder burn - puckered, blue- black - inactive old lesions
Fibrotic - white
Peritoneal cavity – yellowish brown fluid
12. Cannot be palpated on clinical examination
Difficult to visualise on imaging and diagnosis by laparoscopy
13. Ovarian Endometriosis
( Ovarian Endometrioma)
Inversion & invagination of ovarian cortex , with superficial
endometriotic deposits.
Adhesion of ovary to post. Peritoneum
Chocolate Cysts.
Cyst wall white or yellow.
<12cm
Histology- pseudoxanthoma cells - macrophages , are brown.
14.
15.
16. Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis
( Posterior Pelvic Endometriosis )
Lesion extends >5mm beneath peritoneum.
Usually in rectovaginal space,
also uterosacral ligaments, cervix , bowel or ureters.
Can be felt on pelvic & per rectum examination – tender
induration & nodularity
Can be visualised on imaging.
23. Laparoscopy
Gold standard for diagnosis.
Visualisation of lesions
Staging of disease
Biopsy for histology
Evaluate extend of adhesions
Therapeutic
24.
25.
26. Classification & Staging
American Society For Reproductive Medicine ( ASRM )
Based on - appearance, size, depth, presence & extent of
adnexal adhesions and degree of obliteration of pouch of
Douglas
To describe extent of disease, plan management.
Drawback – doesn’t take into account pain or inferitlity