This document summarizes a comparative study on the use of glass powder as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. Glass powder and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) were used as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in concrete mixes at varying percentages to replace cement. Concrete cubes were cast with different mix designs and tested for compressive strength at 3, 7, and 28 days. Initial strength gains at 3 days were lower for mixes containing GGBS but strengths were equivalent to the control mix at 7 days. Based on results so far, replacing up to 50% of cement with a combination of 15% GGBS and 35% glass powder produced concrete with satisfactory workability and comparable compressive strength to

1. Comparative Study of Glass Powder
Mixed Concrete to Conventional
Concrete
GUIDED BY :
Mr. Prakhar Duggal
Assistant Professor
(Department of Civil
Engineering)
ASET , NOIDA
PRESENTED BY:
Avinsh Kumar (A2315814129)
Karan Nagar (A2315814130)
Ashad Hussain(A2315814092)

2. Introduction
The increase of sustainability in construction practices has been given
a significant emphasis. Increased use of green materials as partial
substitute for supplementary cementitious material (SCM) in cement,
a primary material used in the construction industry is one way to
achieve sustainability. In recent past the partial replacement of binder
with the SCMs like glass powder (GP) has finds its place in the
literature.
Two primary factors responsible for partial replacement of binder
with SCM are:
(i) Five percentage of industrial energy consumption for cement
manufacturing, an energy consuming process.
(ii) Three percent of the total energy consumption worldwide . The
cement production generates environmental hazards by the large
emission of green house gases viz. CO2 to the atmosphere – 1 ton
of cement is estimated to release 0.9 tons of CO2.
 GP is used in concrete so as to increase the recycling rate of waste
glass and thereby decrease the waste glass load as landfill.

3. GLASS
Glass is used in many forms in day-to-day life. It is inert in nature and after
use it is either stock piled or sent to landfills. Since glass is non-
biodegradable, landfills do not provide an environment friendly solution.
Hence, there is strong need to utilize waste glasses.Many efforts have been
made to use waste glass in concrete industry as a replacement of coarse
aggregate, fine aggregate and cement. Its performance as a coarse
aggregate replacement has been found to be non-satisfactory because of
strength regression and expansion due to alkali-silica reaction.
 The aim of the present work was to use glass powder as a replacement of
cement to assess the pozzolanic activity of fine glass powder in concrete
and compare its performance with conventional concrete.
 The present study shows that waste glass, if ground finer than 100µm
shows a pozzolanic behavior. It reacts with lime at early stage of hydration
forming extra C-S-H gel thereby forming denser cement matrix. The early
consumption of alkalis by glass paticles mitigate alkali-silica reaction
hence increase durability of concrete and mechanical properties of
concrete.

4. Aim &Objective
 To evaluate the recyclability of powdered waste glass as a pozzolana
supplementary cementitious material (SCM) as partial replacement of
cement in the concrete.
 To study the comparative effects of addition of glass powder , Ground
Granulated blast furnace Slag (GGBS) in concrete as pozzolana to mitigate
alkali aggregate reaction.
 Increases the workability of concrete mix. And to
Increase the compressive strength. And to Reduce
thelandfill deposit.
 To conduct property test on cement, fine aggregate and course aggregate
and to conduct compressive strength test on 150mm x150mm x150mm
concrete cubes.
 To conduct slump test and to Study the properties of concrete in which
cement replaced with GGBS by conducting compressive strength tests and
to study the following long-term properties of Ground-granulated blast-
furnace slag

5. AUTHOR YEAR RESEARCH
Jian-Xin Lu et al. 2017 Study of cement based architectural
tile with 70% waste glass content.
N.A Soliman et al. 2016 Study of mechanical and micro
structural properties of ultra high
performance glass concrete.
G.M.Sadiqul et al. 2016 Study of waste glass powder as
partial replacement of cement.
Mahsa Kamali et al. 2015 Examine of the mechanical strength
and durability of glass powder and
fly ash .
Ali
Ghahremaninezhd
et al.
2015 An investigation into the hydration
and microstructure of cement pastes
modified with glass powder.
LITERATURE REVIEW

6. AUTHOR YEAR RESEARCH
Hongjian Du et al. 2015 To study the mechanical and
durability properties of concrete
with cement replaced by finely
grounded glass powder.
Ahmed Omran et
al.
2015 The study reported on herein
demonstrate the use of glass
powder as an partial replacement of
cement at various construction .
Kavesh Afshinnia et
al.
2015 Impact of using ground glass powder
as either a cement replacement or
an aggregate replacement.
Keren Zheng 2015 Study on influence of pozzolanic
reaction of glass powder on solid
phases, pore solution in cement
paste.
Jihwan Kim et al. 2014 The paper presents the result of
study conducted to evaluate the
possibility of utilizing the water glass
sludge.
Continued…

7. AUTHOR YEAR RESEARCH
Mohammadreza
Mirzahosseini et al.
2013 Study on use of glass cullet in
concrete as a fine aggregate or
supplementary cementitious
material .
Rahmat
Madandoust et al.
2013 The objective was to make use of
combination of waste glass powder
and rice husk as replacement for
Portland cement .
A.Khmiri et al. 2012 The paper deal with the pozzolanic
activity of finely ground waste glass
when used as partial cement
replacement in mortars .
Maddalena
Carsana et al.
2012 The paper compares the behaviour
of waste glass powder of different
fineness with that of natural ,coal fly
ash and silica fume.
Continued…

8. Gaps of the Study
• Till date, the use of Ground granulated blast
furnace slag (GGBS) has not been carried out
in varying proportions on dosage level with
glass powder.
• It is not currently used in India.

9. Methodology
The tests will be conducted in series for one grade of concrete:-
Replacement of cement by GP was from 5% to 45% in step of 5% and the GGBS
with range of replacement from 45% to 5% in step of 5% respectively. In total,
ten different combinations of mixes were studied at three different ages of con-
crete namely 3, 7 and 28 days of concrete. The optimum mix was selected from
the 3, 7, 28-days age compressive strengths of different mixes.
Standard cubes (150x150x150 mm) will be cast to measure the compressive
strength after 3days, 7days and 28 days. 3 cubes will be retained to
measure the strengh.
Standard cylinder specimens of size 150 mm diameter and 300 mm length will
be cast to measure the split tensile strength after 3days, 7days and 28 days. 3
cylinder will be retained to measure the strength.
The test which will be conducted in the experiments are Compresssive Strength
test , Split Tensile strength on the conventional concrete and SCM mixed
concrete.

10. Methodology
COLLECTION OF MATERIALS
PROPERTIES OF SAMPLES
CASTING OF CUBES
CURING
TESTING OF CUBES
RESULT

11. Materials
• Cement :- A substance used in construction that
sets, hardens and adheres to other materials and binding them
together. It is Used to bind sand and gravel (aggregate) together . It is
Made by grinding togethera mixture of limestone
and clay, which is then heated at a temperature of 1,450°C.
Cement used for the present work was Ordinary Portland Cement
(OPC) 43 grade conforming to IS 8112. Colour of cement is grey.
• Coarse aggregate (CA) :-Crushed granite metal obtained from a
local source was used as CA that passed through 20 mm sieve and
retained in 12 mm sieve. The crushed course aggregate of 20 mm
and 10 mm maximum size obtained from local crushing plant.
• Fine aggregate (FA) :- Fine aggregate collected from local market
which is available as natural river sand.
• Water :- Portable Water is used for mixing and curing of concrete
should be of good quality.

12. Materials
Glass Powder (GP):-Commercially available finely ground
waste glass powder from M/s. Nagpal Ceramics, Noida was
used. This glass powder acts like SCM and reacts with alkalis
in cement (Pozzolanic Reaction) and formed cementitious
products that helped the strength development.
Table : Chemical Compositions of Cement and GGBS (%)

13. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS):-
 It is the By-productof the metallurgical industrywheremetals
such as iron, copper, lead, or aluminum, are
purified or transformed.
 Chemical composition varies considerably depending on the
composition of the raw materials in the iron production
process.
 Composed of a non-metallic product which consists of silicates
and alumnio-silicate of calcium with different bases and a
metallic product which consist of iron and manganese. Strong
and durable concrete structures can be made with Portland
cement and other pozzolanic materials like GGBS. Various
countries in Europe, America , Asia (Singapore and Japan) are
increasingly using GGBS for its superiority in concrete
durability and longevity in its lifespan.

14. TESTING ON MATERIAL
Cement: Ordinary portland cement of 43 grade confirming to IS8112 .
Specific gravity = 3.15 .
Fineness Modulus = 2.86% (90µ sieve) .
Fine aggregate: Clear river sand. The max size is 4.75mm.
Bulking of sand = 0.51%.
Specific gravity=2.63
Glass powder: Particle size greater than 75µm and less than 150µm.
Fineness modulus=3.36%,
Specific gravity=2.66.
Glass Granulated Blast Furnace Slag :
Specific gravity=2.85
Fineness modulus=2.74%,

15.  After performing the above test on different material for the concrete we will form a
concrete mixture of M20.
 Mix proportion for M20 grade of concrete is 1:1.78:3.05(cement, sand,
aggregates).
 Since we are using glass powder and glass granulated blast furnace slag as a
supplementary cementitious material so we will mix these materials by varying the
percentage as 5% .
 For E.g. If we are making M20 grade concrete of CM11 by 1 kg of cement, 1.5 kg
of sand and 3 kg of aggregate. And in this we are using 5% of GGBS and 45% of
GP as a SCP and fixing a cement by 50% then we will mix 50 gms of GGBS and
450 gms of GP and 500 gms of cement by weight for 1 cube mix .
 Total 90 samples /specimens i.e 9 of each with varying dosage of Cement+Glass
powder+GGBFS have been casted successfully.
P Procedure followed incasting

16. Mix Proportion % of Cement ,Glass Powder and GGBS
MIX DESIGN CEMENT
(%)
GLASS
POWDER(%)
GGBS(%)
CM 100 0 0
CM11 50 45 5
CM22 50 40 10
CM33 50 35 15
CM44 50 30 20
CM55 50 25 25
CM66 50 20 30
CM77 50 15 35
CM88 50 10 40
CM99 50 5 45

17. MIX PROPROTIONS FOR 9 CUBES
MIX
DESIG
N
CEMENT
(Kg)
GP
(Kg)
GGBS(Kg
)
SAND
(Kg)
10MM
AGGREG
ATE(Kg)
20 MM
AGGREG
ATE(Kg)
WATER(
Kg)
CM 13.869 0 0 24.66 13.95 28.26 6.934
CM11 6.934 6.24 0.693 24.66 13.95 28.26 6.934
CM22 6.934 5.547 1.386 24.66 13.95 28.26 6.934
CM33 6.934 4.85 2.08 24.66 13.95 28.26 6.934
CM44 6.934 4.16 2.77 24.66 13.95 28.26 6.934
CM55 6.934 3.46 3.46 24.66 13.95 28.26 6.934
CM66 6.934 2.77 4.16 24.66 13.95 28.26 6.934
CM77 6.934 2.08 4.85 24.66 13.95 28.26 6.934
CM88 6.934 1.386 5.547 24.66 13.95 28.26 6.934
CM99 6.934 0.693 6.24 24.66 13.95 28.26 6.934

18. Concrete blocks of size 150mm x 150mm x150mm have been casted
successfully.
Following to the standard procedure,The concrete in the cube have been
fully compacted with compacting table. After 24 hours, these moulds were
wisely removed and test specimens were put in water tank for curing for
the days.
9 specimens of each mix proportion containing different percentage on the
various dosage level of GP And GGBS was used .
Casting Process

19. CURING
For curing , the control specimen i.e the cubes and
cylinders has been submerged in water tank for
curing purpose until taken out for testing after 3, 7
and 28 days respectively.

20. TESTSTO BE
PERFORMED WITH
CONCRETE
1.Workability test
• In this experimental work , the slump value of fresh
concrete was in the range of 60mm to 90mm.

21. The most general test conducted is the compressive strength test
since majority of the concrete characteristics properties and
structural design are related to compressive strength .Concrete
prepared with different percentage replacement of cement by
5% to 45% at interval of 5% Each.The compressive strength of
concrete with different mix proportions is performed after
intervals under normal room temperature. Till date, 3 days and
7 days test have been conducted and results have been drawn.
 3days test.
 7 days test.
 28days test.
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
TESTING

22. MIX DESIGN Compressive
strength after 3rd
day(N/MM2)
Compressive
strength after 7th
day(N/MM2)
CM 9.78 14.78
CM11 5.02 8.05
CM22 4.39 6.39
CM33 7.11 10.22
CM44 6.22 9.55
CM55 6.98 10.02
CM66 7.77 13.22
CM77 8.55 14.8
CM88 5.98 10.22
CM99 6.22 11.22
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST
RESULTS

23. CONCLUSION
• In order to study the potential use of fine glass powder (GP) in companion with the
GGBFS as cementitious particles as partial replacements of cement an
experimental investigation was performed .
• This study focussed on the mechanical strength as well as durability aspects.
Cement was replaced with various proportion and additional GGBFS was added in
order to increase the strength of the control specimens.
• As expected, Initial strength gain is less on 3rd day due to addition of GGBFS. But
However , it is almost equivalent on 7th day test of CM77 & CM66 to CM . At
the later stage , it is envisaged that at 28 days the higher strength will gained which
is yet to be verified after the completion of the deadlines.
• The workability test performed when using these particles as cement replacement
was satisfactory which fits it to meets its purposes .
• Based on the experimental results , as the results gives the positive sign that it is
viable to produce the concrete and thus can be feasible for the superstructure.

24. THANK YOU