This document discusses communication skills and effective communication. It defines communication as a series of senses and describes the most common ways to communicate as speaking, writing, visuals, images, and body language. It then covers types of communication based on organization, flow, and expression. The document also discusses formal channels of communication like downward, upward, and horizontal communication. It identifies barriers to communication such as semantic, emotional, organizational, and personal barriers. Finally, it provides tips for developing good communication skills through exploring related skills, maintaining eye contact, using gestures, practicing, and ensuring communication is two-way, involves listening, utilizes feedback, and is clear and free of stress.
2. Communication is a series of
experience of
Hearing
Smell
Seeing
Taste
Touch
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3. Communication Skills
Communication skills is the ability to use
language (receptive) and express
(expressive) information.
Effective communication skills are a critical
element in your career and personal lives.
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4. Most Common Ways to Communicate
Speaking
Writing
Visual
Image
Body
Language
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5. Types of Communication
On the basis of organization relationship
Formal
Informal
On the basis of Flow
Vertical
Crosswise/Diagonal
Horizontal
On the basis of Expression
Oral
Written
Gesture
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7. 7
Downward Communication
Messages sent from top management down to
subordinates...
1. Implementation of goals and strategies
2. Job instructions and rationale
3. Procedures and practices
4. Performance feedback
5. Indoctrination
Most familiar and obvious flow of formal communication
8. 8
Upward Communication
Messages transmitted from the lower to the
higher levels in the organization’s hierarchy
1. Problems and exceptions
2. Suggestions for improvement
3. Performance reports
4. Grievances and disputes
5. Financial and accounting information
9. 9
Horizontal Communications
Lateral or diagonal exchange of messages
among peers or coworkers
Horizontal communications categories
1. Intradepartmental problem solving
2. Interdepartmental coordination
3. Change initiatives and improvement
Inform and request support as well as coordinate activities
10. 10
Team Communication Channels
Team communication characteristics to
consider
● The extent to which team communication is
centralized
● The nature of the team’s task
Special type of horizontal communication
11. 11
Personal Communication Channels
Exist outside formal authorized channels
Do not adhere to organization’s hierarchy
of authority
Primary way information spreads and work
gets accomplished
Coexist with formal communication channels
12. Barriers to Communication
Semantic Barriers
Emotional Or Psychological Barriers
Organizational Barriers
Barriers in Superiors
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13. Semantic Barriers
Symbols with different meaning
Badly expressed message
Faulty translation
Unclarified assumption
Specialist’s language
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14. Emotional Or Psychological Barriers
Premature evolution
Inattention
Loss of transmission & poor retention
Undue reliance on the written word
Distrust of communication
Failure to communicate
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16. Personal Barriers
Barriers in Superior
Attitude of Superior
Fear of challenge of authority
Lack of time
Lack of awareness
Barriers in Subordinates
Unwillingness to communicate
Lack of proper incentive
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18. Communication Involves Three
Components
Verbal Messages - the words we choose
Paraverbal Messages - how we say the
words
Nonverbal Messages - our body language
These Three Components Are Used To
Send Clear, Concise Messages
Receive and Correctly Understand Messages
Sent to Us
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19. Effective Verbal Messages
1. Are short and snappy, and organized
2. Are free of language
3. Do not create resistance in the listener.
SENDING MESSAGES
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23. RECEIVING MESSAGES
Listening
Requires concentration and energy
Involves a psychological connection with the
speaker
Includes a desire and willingness to try and
see things from another's perspective
Requires that we suspend judgment and
evaluation
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24. Nonverbal
Giving full physical attention to the speaker;
Being aware of the speaker's nonverbal
messages;
Verbal
Paying attention to the words and feelings
that are being expressed
Key Listening Skills
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25. What makes a good communicator?
Clarity
Integrity Timing
Adequacy
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26. How do you develop your communication skills?
Explore the related skills
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27. Tips to good communication skills
Maintain eye contact with the audience
Body awareness
Gestures and expressions
Convey one's thoughts
Practice effective communication skills
At Last
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28. Effective Communication . . .
It is two way.
It involves active listening.
It reflects the accountability of speaker and
listener.
It utilizes feedback.
It is free of stress.
It is clear.
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