Cape Rachado Site A Analysis

location plan
site plan
PORT DICKSON

contours and topography
site plan

concrete pathway
existing structure
Built all along the hiking trail
from the lighthouse to the beach

concrete pavement
existing structure
REINFORCED CONCRETE
EPOXY COATED RE-BARS
COMPACTED SUBGRADE
STRENGTHS:
-low maintenance
-relatively high friction surface prevents slipping
-provides a clean and easy path for visitors to walk on
-durable especially in forests with extreme climates
water resistant
WEAKNESS:
-surface is very likely to crack as years pass.
-moss growth makes it slippery

concrete steps
existing structure
E
C
The materials used are similar to concrete
pavement.
The measure of the stairs are different.
Stair wide are all similar, about 60cm.
Stair raise range from 20cm to 50cm.
Stair run range from 20cm to 50cm.
REINFORCED CONCRETE
POXY COATED RE-BARS
OMPACTED SUBGRADE
WEAKNESSES:
-Some stairs on site were not built according to the standard requirement.
-Some of the raise is too high or stair run is too cramped, making walking
difficult and unsafe.
REASON:
-It was built according to the mountain surface, causing it to go against the set
requirement.

Wood installed along certain parts of the pathway
acts as a boundary to separate natural and built
landscapes
WEAKNESS:
Not able thewithstand climate
changes, such as moisture ( grow
moss) and termiteattacks.
Some pathways were created based on the position
of rocks in the area. Visitors have to step
through the stones to continue their way.
STRENGTH:
Preservation ofnatural elements, minimal
destruction of nature
WEAKNESS:
Hazardous, not suitable for children and old people

metal railings
existing structure
Colour: brown
Reason: To blend in with nature. The design
principle of harmony avoids conflict with
colours between it and its surroundings.

Railing Measurements
The railings can be found along the pavement and stairs when the terrain
is steeper.
Connected by hex bold screws.
All railings share the same measurement.
Hex
Hex
Bolt
Railing Details

Huge space betweenhandles:
-Visitors are able to experience the
texture of theplants.
-View of natural environment not
obstructed. Experience of 5 senses
emphasized.
Material:
Steel
Strengths:
Steel lasts longer compared to wood after painted.
Cost-efficient.
Weather resistance, strong and durable.
Weaknesses:
Openings too big, not safe for children
Steel rusts if lack maintenance
metal railings
existing structure

retaining wall
existing structure
•
•
A short wall that spans along parts of the walkway
that are verysteep
Prevents soil erosion and landslides that could block
the pathway

Top of the wall carved to
resemble a treelog
Heights are inconsistent due to steep contour of the site
Slanted by 20-40 degrees inconsistently throughout the whole walkway
retaining wall details
existing structure

Material:
concrete
material used
existing structure
PROS
-Firm and steady structure that will withstand
the test oftime
-Suitable for holding loose and wet soil
-Cost efficient
CONS
stained by dirt and- Easily
soil
- Plants
cracks
easily grow through the
that may affect the
structure

entranced gazebo
existing structure
It is built after the light house, the hut act as an
‘entrance’ for the journey to the beach below the hill
REASON:
The boards in it display information about the birds.
Visitors learn about what they are going to see before
they start walking the trail.

entranced gazebo
existing structure
-Equipped with informationsignboards
about the site
-Pitch shaped roof ease elimination of
rainwater
-Shelters visitors from rain and sunlight
-In terms of form, it is a common design
STRENGTHS:
Allow visitors to be sheltered from
unpleasant climate.
Durable and long-lasting
WEAKNESSES:
Plain and boringdesign
No seats provided

signboards in the gazebo
existing structure
STRENGTHS:
Allow visitors to learn about the site
Reduce the plainness of the gazebo
Information is not updated regularly
WEAKNESS:
Lack of maintenance
(no improvements made)

•
•
•
Subjected to corrosion
Strong supporting structure
Non-resistant to wet and fire
1.Zinc Roof Tile
•
•
Highly resistant to corrosion
Cheap, durable, light
•
•
•
Function as supportingsystem
Durable
Resistant to corrosion
1
2. Wood
2
3
3. Concrete column
materiality-gazebo
existing structure

PlanFront Elevation Right Elevation
drawings-gazebo
existing structure

gazebo-roofing
existing structure
STRENGTHS:
Zinc roof resistant to weather
Low maintenance
Metal reflects heat and blocks its from
heating the interior
WEAKNESSES:
Metal nails rust easily
Zinc roof creates noisy sound when hit by rain.
Lack light penetration
Lack maintenance
WOODEN STRUCTURE:
Strong and able to blend with
the surroundings. Connected
together by metalnails
METAL ROOF:
Shelter for visitor while
raining. Save cost and light in
weight, easy to install.

Roof Structure Type
Material
• Timber
Structure
• Tri-bearing roof trusses.
Strength
•
•
•
Span much longerdistance
Very stable and strong
Cheap
•
Weaknesses
Timber will rot or warp, especially
•
•
when exposed in natural environment
Wood attracts insects invaders such as
termites
Suffer damage from high winds or
violent weather.

columns-gazebo
existing structure
Concrete column painted like wood appearance
To synchronize with the surrounding nature
Create the beauty rather than a plain grey column
STRENGTH:
As a supporting structure in the same time enhance the
aesthetic of thestructure.
WEAKNESS:
Bulky in size but overall acceptable

curved benches
existing structure
• Place for people to rest, sit and enjoy nature
• Located 3 M from entrance gazebo
• Facing the sea, enables visitors to see birds
flying from thesea

Curved Bench Measurements
Front Elevation Side elevation
Material: Concrete
• Strong and sturdy
• Low maintenance requirement
• Can easily withstand local weather
conditions
• Can last verylong
• Cost efficient

Strength
Accessible
Placed near a place
where all visitorspass
by, easily spotted
Weakness
Damaged
Cracks and signsof
vandalism can be
found all over the
bench
Opportunity
Potential Hotspot
Structures can be
built here due to
high accessibility
and good view.
However, tall trees
blocked the view.
Threat
Vandalism Prone
No security tostop
hooligans from
damaging public
property

observatory decks
existing structure
All observatory decks are located at the side of
the slope facing towards the sea.

Wooden platform is elevated based
on terrain
The observatory deck serves as a
bird watching platform
The railing is painted yellow in
colour so that it attracts
attention from afar
Birds come from the
direction of the sea into
the forest, making it easier
to spot them

• It is designed without a
roof, so that visitors
will be able to watch the
birds from anydirection
• Larger and furtherfield
of vision
• A platform is created by
piercing the steelrailing
deep into the soil to
strengthen the grip.
• Flat surface surrenderedto
pathway, pushing the deck
above a slope

layout of the observatory deck
existing structure
Information
rack
Bench
STRENGTHS:
Square observatory deck maximizes space.
Information rack placed in front,convenient to read.
Bench located at the back to not block the other visitors who are observing the birds.
WEAKNESSES:
No rain shelterfor visitors
Poor maintenance: Information rack vandalised and abandoned
Rusted steel and softened wood jeopardizes visitor safety

Observatory Deck Measurements
Front Elevation
Plan
Right
Elevation
Front
Elevation

picnic tables
existing structure
A
modified table with
attached benches,
designed for
picnicking
Signboard
Picnic Tables
Trail

picnic tables
existing structure
MATERIALS:
Wood, steel, nuts and bolts
NUTS AND BOLTS:
Made of medium carbon steel
Balanced ductility
Good wear resistance
But rusts ratherquickly
Bolts
Screws
Wooden Panel
STRENGTHS:
Strong timber panels which blends in with nature.
Steel can withstand a huge amount of weight.
WEAKNESSES:
Color on panelswear off
the wood panels are not secure due to rusty nuts and bolts

Picnic Table Measurements
Plan
Axonometric
Drawing
0.3M 0.7M
1.83M
1.94M
0.4M
0.74M
Front Elevation

materiality-picnic tables
existing structure
Wood
Metal
Concrete
WOOD
•
•
•
Cheap and easy to attain.
Wood protectant protectsit
from cracking, warping, or
rotting due tomoisture.
The table-top andbench-top
boards are attached to the
trusses or beams using
screws or nails.
METAL
•
•
•
Heavy, durable and
require little
maintenance.
Stable, strong.
Painted to avoid
rusting.
CONCRETE
• Sets the benchesin
place.

colour selection
REDDISH-BROWN
• Nature and down-to-earth color signifying
stability, structure and support.
• Encourages a strong need for security and a
sense of belonging, with family and friends
being of utmostimportance.
• Suits to the surroundings such as colour of
soil and trees. Harmonizes with nature.
YELLOW
•
•
•
Evokes a warming effect, arouses
cheerfulness
Strengthens relationship between familyand
friends
Stimulates mental activity and energy (able
to continue journey after an exhausting
hiking).

beach gazebo
existing structure
•
•
A structure designed for visitors to rest and
enjoy the view of the beach.
Most of the structure were made of timber,
which absorbs less heat and blends in with
nature.

3m2m
0.9m
Plan
3m
2.1m
0.6m
Front elevation
drawings
•
•
Elevated, in case of rising sea levels and
invading insects.
Elements oftraditional Malay architecture
and ornamentation.
Metal cover
Wooden
decorative
design

(Timber)
Bench
(Timber)
Base
(Concrete)
Deck (Timber)
Roof
(Metal)
Structure
Metal (painted blue)
•
•
•
Able to withstand tough weather conditions.
Reflects sunlight. (absorbs lessheat)
In correllance with the blue sea
Timber (brown)
•
•
•
Blends in withnature.
Less heat absorbed.
Gives a feeling of peacefulness and harmony.
materials and colors
existing structure

dense Less dense
density of greeneries
landscape

soil condition
landscape
Forest soil
•Accumulation of
organic matter
•Low pH
•Low plant
•High clay
nutrient
content
Mud
•Holds moisture
•Good drainage
Sand
•Dry
•Insufficient
nutrients
•Cannot transport
water from lower
strata
longitudinal
section

Beach 1
Forest soil
Mud
Sandy soil
Beach 2
Beach 2
condition of soillandscape

Longitudinal section
Tallest shortest
height of trees
landscape

Beach 1
Beach 2
height of trees
landscape

species of trees
landscape

H: approx. 60m ; D: 12m
Large Trees
Meranti Tembaga
Approx. 12m

60m
meranti tembaga
(Shorea Leprosula)
bark with shallow V-shapedGreyish brown
fissures
Outer Bark
•Dull purplish brown.
•Hard and brittle
Inner Bark
Dull yellowish brown
Grows
Flat
Well
on:
topography
drained soil
Strongly light demanding
Sapwood
•Pale cream
•Resinous
Heartwoo
d

approx. 50m ; D: 2.5mH:
Big ass
Meranti
tree
Seraya
Approx. 18m-20m

meranti seraya
(Shorea Curtisii)
130ft
Giant grey or reddish-brown bark with
course fissures
Defined as a floristic tree
Tree as a crown appears greyish-green
stand-out among other trees of forest
as
canopy
Grows on:
Low land/Steep land
Elevation 300-800m
Near sea level

H: approx. 12.5m ; D: 2.5m
Arang-arang tree
Approx. 12m

Arang-arang
(Diospyros spp.)
80ft
Medium hardwood
Density: 595-1,055 kg/m3 air dry
Natural durability:
•lighter coloured is non durable.
•Darker coloured is durable
Texture: fine and even with straight to slightly
easy to work with to produce smooth
interlocked grain
Machining property:
surface
Shrinkage: high, especially in the streaky material.
tangential shrinkageRadial shrinkage averages 4.7% while
averages 8.7%.

H: approx. 30m ; D: 0.6m
Panarahan tree

Penarahan
(Myristicaceae)
with longitudinal fissures and dappledStraight
bark.
Stilt roots enables growth at 100-2100m elevation
Large elliptic leaves
Grows on sandy soil
Durability:
•Adapts to rainy weather
•Non resistant to
•Prone to termite
growth of fungi
attack
Birds feed on its ripen fruits
30m

Bintagor tree

Bintangor
grain.Wood has a streaked,
Outer sapwood
Yellowish brown
to frost and fireSensitive
Grows on:
Sandy beaches
Temperature moderated by the proximity of the
sea and by the breezes
Uses:
Boats
Furniture
Medicine
Massage oil
(Calophyllum)
30m
ribboned, or zig-zag
Inner sapwood
Light reddish

H: approx. 30m ; D: 4m
Kelat tree

Kelat (Syzygium spp.)
Medium hardwood
popularly used as plant due
to its hardiness and
an urban landscaping
adaptability
Density: 495-1,010 kg/m3 air dry.
Natural durability:
•Moderately durable timber
•Average service life of 3.3 years under natural Malaysian
conditions
Texture: moderately fine and even with interlocked,
irregular or wavy grain.
Shrinkage: high, with radial
tangential shrinkage averaging
shrinkage averaging 1.9% and
3.3%.
Uses:
Structural purposes
Ships and boats
Tramways and bridges
30m

Karas tree

malaccensis)
Straight and smooth-barked. sometimes
with thick (10 cm) buttresses up to 2
fluted or
m high
high amount of resinGood smell. Contains
Provides agarwood
Grows on:
Primary and secondary forests
Grows well on sandy loams developed from
sandstone
6-20m
Karas (aquilaria
ENDANGERED SPECIES

Mangrove tree

Mangrove tree
(Rhizophoraceae Bruguiera)
Medium height
Salt tolerant trees (halophytes) adapted to live
in harsh coastal conditions
Adapts to low oxygen
loss:Adaptation to limit water
•restrict the opening of their stomata
•vary the orientation of their leaves to avoid the
harsh midday sun
Grows
Saline
in:
coastal sediment habitats
4-9m

Ashen coloured water
with sandLand covered
and rocks in various
sizes
Sea snails attached
onto rocks
beach condition analysislandscape

P A C I F I C S W I F T
( A p u s p a c i f i c u s )
Can be distinguished through white rump band
and heavily marked under part
Breeds in sheltered locations such as caves.
Strongly migratory
Call: typical swift screams but softer and
less wheezy
Status and threats: Not considered at risk.

B A R N
( H i r u n d o
S W A L L O W
R u s t i c a )
Most widespread species of swallow
• a longPasserine bird with blue upperparts
forked tail • curved, pointed wings
Uses man-made structures to breed
Feeds on insects caught in flight
Strongly migratory
Call: typical swift screams
Status and threats: Not considered at risk.

C O M M O N S A N D P I P E R
( A c t i t i s h y p o l e u c o s )
18–20 cm long with a 32–35 cm wingspan
greyish-brown upperparts, white underparts,
breeds across most
of temperate and subtropical Europe and Asia
Gather and stop overs at Palau in Micronesia
departs around the last week of april
Call: Chirp.
considered at risk. but
in some states of
Status and threats: Not
is a vulnerable species
Australia.

B l U E - T H R O A T E D B E E - E A T E R
( M e r o p s v i r i d i s )
Small
Contrasting blue throat
Long central tail streamer
Call: Described as a liquid be-rek,be-
rek; terrip-terrip. Alarm call is a sharp chip.
Migration: April-September. Before the arrival
of Blue-tailed Bee-eater
Status and threats: Nesting sites affected by
human interuption

B l U E - T A I L E D B E E - E A T E R
( M e r o p s p h i l i p p i n u s )
Small
green
brown
crown and back; yellow and rufous throat;
upper breast; underparts apple green.
Call: Described as a liquid be-rek, be-rek; or
rillip rillip rillip.
found in scrub, mangrove, forest, cultivated
areas and grasslands.
Status and threats: Blue-tailed Bee-eaters are
not considered at risk

C H I N E S E G O S H A W K
( A c c i p i t e r s o l o e n s i s )
30–36 cm in length
Female larger than the male
Adult has prominent black wing tips
Call: Vocalizes only in breeding season,
especially early on; sharp "keee-keee-keee...".
Generally silent.
A bird of wooded areas.
Status and threats: Not considered at risk

G R A Y F A C E B U Z Z A R D
41-46 cm in length
Call: Main call described as a peevish,
whistled "whick-awee" or "pik-wee".
Utilize rising air currents to gain altitude
and cover great distances by soaring during
migration
Status and threats:Not globally threatened
(Least Concern). Size and trends of populations
very poorly known.

( A v i c e d a
B L A C K B A Z A
l e u p h o t e s )
Small raptor
Often seen in groups
Soars high in the air during the migrations.
But usually, it flies low with deep wing-beats
interspersed with short glides on almost flat
wings.
Call: Soft quavering, plaintive or whistling
notes. Harsh squaks when in group.

Cape Rachado is located in Tanjung Tuan, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
As Malaysia is located near the equator, it allows for the location to receive more sunshine.
Being close to the equator, the sun path or position does not shift much throughout the year.
On the average, Malaysia receives about 6 hours of sunshine per day. However, seasonal variations may influence the amount of
sunshine received.
Sun Orientation
Knowing the sun path and orientation of the site is vital to the design of the observation deck in order to control the amount
and direction of sunlight entering the space.
Sunrise & Sunset
The site receives sunlight at around 7.13 a.m. (annual average).
Most facilities are built in the area
where HIGHER/LOWER light intensity is received, as shown in the diagram below.

wind path
climatic studies
Direction :
South East to North West
Wind Speed during Site
Visit :
6.7mph -8.8mph
Temperature : 25- 31 Celsius
Slight wind can be felt at the
start of the trail from Southwest
as a result of Southwest Monsoon
Stronger wind can be felt at the
end part of the trail as well as
the beach because of the land
breeze from the sea.
from southwest
northeast to
southwest

wind path-southwest monsoon
climatic studies
Period :
April to September
Areas Affected :
West Coast of Peninsular
Malaysia
Rainfall at site will be
higher than normal time
during monsoon season.
However, the monsoon
wind at site cannot be
felt as the site is
surrounded by trees.
southwest
monsoon
wind

wind path-northeast monsoon
climatic studies
northeast
monsoon
wind
Period :
October to March
Areas Affected :
East Coast of
Peninsular Malaysia
The site is not
affected by this
monsoon wind as it
is surrounded with
trees. Rainfall
normal at site

wind strength
climatic studies
weak strong

wind analysis- trail
climatic studies

wind analysis-beach
climatic studies
wind
blowing
from southeast
a
windy +cooling
B
HOT+STUFFY

land breeze
sea breeze
The wind pattern near the beach is generated by the heat gain,
heat loss, and heat storage variations between land and water.
land breeze and sea breeze
climatic studies

average rainfall-malacca
climatic studies

average rainfall precipitation-malacca
climatic studies

average temperature-malacca
climatic studies

relative humidity-malacca
climatic studies

AIM
#1 To look / observe a site which
also look into the contrasting view
has more
which is
positive view and
the negative view.
#2 To look / observe the sites through view framing from every
angle and openings, panoramic view of the best angles and also
view of the approaching site.

Positive view
Neutral view
Negative view
view analysis
views+vistas

STRENGTH
•
•
•
•
nearest/shortest distance from
standby point
great view for bird watching
great panoramic view
good light penetration
WEAKNESS
•
•
forest reserve view more than sea view
no proper space to view the area
site 1 -observation deck 1
views+vistas

STRENGTH
area)•
•
•
•
very thin trees (only at this
sunset light penetration
interesting backdrop
great bird watching view
WEAKNESS
• amount of
•
•
view covered by the
trees
quite humid
steep
views+vistas

STRENGTH
sound of waves can be heard•
•
•
more
thin
view
light penetration into this area
trees which does not affect the
from top
• shady from the sunset sun
WEAKNESS
•
•
steep terrain which has higher
risk for trees to fall
narrow space
views+vistas

STRENGTH
•
•
•
wide range of sea view (horizon
line)
view of sunrise
direct access from forest trail
WEAKNESS
•
•
no view of sunset
tide increases and covers up half
of the shore in the morning
site 4 -south east beach
views+vistas

Site V & VI
- south west beach -
STRENGTH
•
•
•
•
wide area
interesting 180’ view
breezy
great sunset view
WEAKNESS
•
• of the hill of
• the shore
very rocky area
2 tombstones on top
the mini peninsular
high tide covers up
during the night
site 5+6-south west beach
views+vistas

main activity zoning
activities
jungle trail
dry activities
beach
wet activities

birdwatching zoning
activities
point
1)LIGHTOUSE-
the highest viewing
of
tanjung tuan.
1
2
3
3)VALLEY-
an open sky
clearing.
2)OBSERVATION
DECK 1-
an open sky
clearing above
the rest
benches.

birdwatching zoning
activities
4)OBSERVATION DECK 2-
a view of trees ahead
and above.
5)OBSERVATION DECK 3-
a view of trees and
slope.
6)ROCKY CLIFF-
a higher
viewing point
towards the
ocean.
4
5
6

migratory birds in cape rachado
activities
Oriental Honey
Buzzard
(from Japan)
Black Baza
(forests of SouthEast
Asia)
Chinese Goshawk
(Southeast China)
Blur-throated Bee
Eater
(Brunei, Cambodia,
China)

bird migration routes
activities
SIBERIA
CAPE
RACHADO
AUSTRALIA
“Birds migrate from Siberia to Australia stop by Tanjung Tuan on their way.”
- Tanjung TuanRangers

bird watching events
activities
Yearly event: RWW (Raptor Watch Weekend)
Organised by: MNS (Malaysian Nature Society)
Months: March – early April
Turnout: 20,000 people per day

Bird enthusiasts
gathering at the base of
the lighthouse to catch
a sight of the raptors.

1
3
2
4
meditation zones
activities

BEFORE OBSERVATION DECK 2
OBSERVATION DECK 3
BACKDOOR BEACH
Skinny, straight trees
Sense of verticality
Spiritual and overpowering
First sounds of sea waves
Cooling sea breeze
Small U-shaped bay
Rocks frame the sea view

Panoramic view of the sea
Higher up, isolated
Full sunset view
rocky zone, main beach
activities

camping zone
activities
Flat beach to
set up tent
Shaded and dry for
rest space
Dry land for
campfire
CAMP SITES
RESTSHADED
AREA

types of fish
activities
Small Cuda
(Barracuda)
Small Snapper
SHALLOW
FISHING
DEEP BOAT
FISHINGQueen Fish

peak seasons in a year
activities

peak hours in a day
activities

population by visitors
activities

CASE STUDY:
grand canyon observation deck,arizona

POTENTIAL FEATURES
TOPOGRAPHY
ACTIVITY
VIEW
CLIMATE
CIRCULATION

TOPOGRAPHY
• Contours
/ coast
•
•
Degree of
slope
Water
level
• Soil type
•
•
•
ACTIVITY
Purpose of
observation
deck
Current
activities?
Introduction
of new concept

VIEW
•
•
•
Observation
area
Landscape
Coverage
Climate
•
•
•
Wind
Sun
direction
Shade

•
•
•
CIRCULATION
Areas of
congestion
Accessibility
Private /
public space

1/ OBSERVATION DECKS
• PUBLIC SPACE
• BUSY
CIRCULATION
• Existing
vantage point

2/ MANGROVE SWAMP
• INTERESTING
VEGETATION
• OPTIMUM
OBSERVATION

• HIDDEN /
SECLUDED
• FOCUSED
VIEWPOINT
3/ BACK BEACH

Cape Rachado Site A Analysis

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Cape Rachado Site A Analysis