VLSI Design
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VLSI Design in Microprocessors
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VLSI Design
- 1. JABEZ WINSTON C 11EE16 713811105016 SRI RAMAKRISHNA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 02/09/14
- 2. What is an integrated circuit? Types of integrated circuit Advantages of integrated circuit Microprocessors from Intel Moore’s Law System-on-chip(SoC) 02/09/14
- 3. What is an integrated circuit? An integrated circuit is a set of electronic circuits on one small plate of semiconductor material. Integrated circuits are used in virtually all electronic equipment and have revolutionized the world of electronics. IC741 from Texas Instruments,USA 02/09/14 Smart phone application processor from MediaTek,Taiwan
- 4. Who invented the integrated circuit? The integrated circuit was independently was developed by Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments,USA and Robert Noyce(also founder of Intel) of Fairchild semiconductor,USA Jack Kilby 02/09/14 Robert Noyce
- 5. Types of Integrated Circuit Based on application Analog IC Digital IC Mixed Signal IC Based on number of components Small scale integration-SSI (Upto 100 components) Medium scale integration-MSI (100-3k) Large scale integration-LSI(3k-100k components) Very Large Scale Integration-VLSI(100k-1m components) Ultra Large Scale Integration-ULSI(above 1m components) 02/09/14
- 6. Analog ICs Analog ICs, such as sensors, power management circuits, and operational amplifiers, work by processing continuous signals. They perform functions like amplification, active filtering, de modulation, mixing, etc OPAMP IC from Texas Instruments 02/09/14 555 IC from Signetics Corporation,USA
- 7. Digital ICs Digital integrated circuits can contain anything from one to millions of logic gates, multiplexers and other circuits in a few square millimeters. The small size of these circuits allows high speed, low power dissipation, and reduced manufacturing cost compared with board-level integration. Intel’s first microprocessor-Intel 4004 Intel’s flagship 4th gen-i7 processor 02/09/14
- 8. Advantages of Integrated Circuits Low cost Low power consumption Occupies less space Faster operation due to reduction of stray capacitance and inductance. Mass scale production is possible. Easy to put into various applications without knowing the underlying complexity. Billions of transistor can be fabricated on a single chip 02/09/14
- 9. 4004 First microprocessor (1971) For Busicom calculator Characteristics 10 µm process 2300 transistors 400 – 800 kHz 4-bit word size 16-pin DIP package Masks hand cut from Rubylith and drawn with color pencils 02/09/14
- 10. 8008 Characteristics 10 µm process 3500 transistors 500 – 800 kHz 8-bit word size 18-pin DIP package 02/09/14
- 11. 8080 16-bit address bus (1974) Used in Altair computer (early hobbyist PC) Characteristics 6 µm process 4500 transistors 2 MHz 8-bit word size 40-pin DIP package 02/09/14
- 12. 8086 / 8088 16-bit processor (1978-9) Revolutionary products Introduced x86 ISA Characteristics 3 µm process 29k transistors 5-10 MHz 16-bit word size 40-pin DIP package 02/09/14
- 13. 80286 Characteristics 1.5 µm process 134k transistors 6-12 MHz 16-bit word size 68-pin PGA 02/09/14
- 14. 80386 32-bit processor (1985) Modern x86 ISA Characteristics 1.5-1 µm process 275k transistors 16-33 MHz 32-bit word size 100-pin PGA 02/09/14
- 15. 80486 Pipelining (1989) Floating point unit 8 KB cache Characteristics 1-0.6 µm process 1.2M transistors 25-100 MHz 32-bit word size 168-pin PGA 02/09/14
- 16. Pentium 2 instructions per cycle 0.8-0.35 µm process 3.2M transistors 60-300 MHz 32-bit word size 296-pin PGA 02/09/14
- 17. Pentium Pro / II / III Dynamic execution (1995-9) 3 micro-ops / cycle Multimedia instructions PIII adds 256+ KB L2$ Characteristics 0.6-0.18 µm process 5.5M-28M transistors 166-1000 MHz 32-bit word size 02/09/14
- 18. Pentium 4 Very fast clock 256-1024 KB L2 cache 180 – 90 nm process 42-125M transistors 1.4-3.4 GHz 32-bit word size 478-pin PGA Units start to become invisible on this scale 02/09/14
- 19. Intel Core 65 nm process Over 400 million transistors. Max. 2MB L2 cache SSE3 instruction set LGA socket Multiple cores 64-bit Additional feature in Core 2 Intel VT-x Hardware Security extensions 02/09/14
- 20. i-series Came to market at beginning of 2010 New line of processors i3 (Low end) i5 (Mid range) i7 (High end) Integrated Graphics support VT-x on all processors VT-d on specific processors Turbo Boost on K-type processors Extensive support to newer technologies like USB 3.0,WiDi 02/09/14
- 21. More info on i-series Generations 1st generation -discontinued(2010) 2nd generation -discontinued (2011) 3rd generation (2012) 4th generation (2013) Number of transistors breached 1 billion mark 3rd ,4th processors used 22nm process LGA1150,1155,1156,BGA,etc., Highest clock frequency-4GHz Upto to 6 cores i3 (2 cores) i5(2 ,4 cores) i7(2,4,6 cores) 02/09/14
- 22. Moore’s Law In 1965, Gordon Moore predicted the exponential growth of the number of transistors on an IC Transistor count doubled every year since invention Predicted > 65,000 transistors by 1975! Growth limited by power [Moore65] 02/09/14
- 23. Moore’s Law Transistor counts have doubled every 26 months for the past three decades. 1,000,000,000 100,000,000 10,000,000 Transistors Intel486 1,000,000 80286 100,000 Pentium 4 Pentium III Pentium II Pentium Pro Pentium Intel386 8086 10,000 1,000 8008 4004 1970 8080 1975 1980 1985 Year 02/09/14 1990 1995 2000
- 24. SoC (System on Chips) System on Chip is an IC in which all components needed for a computer or other system are included on a single chip. SoCs are found commonly on smartphones and tablet PCs Popular SoCs are MT6589,MT6577,Snapdragon 200,Snapdragon 800,Exynos 5420,etc., 02/09/14
- 25. MediaTek HSPA+ Smartphone Application Processor 02/09/14
- 26. Qualcomm Snapdragon 200 SoC 02/09/14
- 28. 02/09/14