Infrastructure for US research and scholarship Speaker: John Wilkin, dean of libraries and university librarian at the University of Illinois, previous executive director, HathiTrust. Efficient infrastructure for UK research Speaker: David Maguire, vice-chancellor of the University of Greenwich and chair of Jisc. Jisc and CNI conference, 6 July 2016

1. Closing plenary
JohnWilkin, Dean of libraries and university librarian at University of Illinois
David Maguire,Vice-chancellor University of Greenwich and Chair of Jisc
06/07/2016

2. Infrastructure for research and
collaboration in the United States
JohnWilkin, Dean of libraries and university librarian
at University of Illinois
14/07/2016

3. Radical Scatter:
Infrastructure for research and collaboration in the
United States

4. DuraSpace registry repositories
US UK
Fedora, Dspace and VIVO 1046 102
DSpace 798 71
Fedora 148 27
Dspace (Academic) 194 53
Fedora (Academic) 81 19
4

5. 5
united states
42%
australia
10%
united kingdom
10%
lithuania
8%
canada
7%
spain
3%
netherlands
2%
switzerland
2%
belgium
2%
germany
2%
ireland
2%
austria
1%
greece
1%
italy
1%
new zealand
1%
sweden
1%
bosnia and
herzegovina
1%
colombia
1%
denmark
1%
korea
1%
malaysia
1%
norway
1%
peru
1%
russia
1%
serbia
1%
ukraine
1%
Fedora sites registered
united states
australia
united kingdom
lithuania
canada
spain
netherlands
switzerland
belgium
germany
ireland
austria
greece
italy
new zealand

6. 6

7. 7

8. Tenopir et al. “Research Data Services in Academic
Libraries …”
8

9. HathiTrust
9

10. HathiTrust cost model
• Based on overlap of print collections with HathiTrust digital
collections
– Share in infrastructure costs for public domain volumes:
(PD*C*X)/N
– Share in infrastructure costs for in copyright volumes based on holdings
• For a given incopyright volume:
IC=(C*X)/H
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11. HathiTrust
• 14.5 million digital volumes
• UIUC has deposited > 500,000 digital volumes
• Nearly half of UIUC’s 14m print volumes represented by digital surrogates
• Preservation services that give continuous attention to fixity and format
migration; geographically disparate replication; rich preservation metadata
• 5.6m public domain volumes
• Tens of thousands of volumes opened by rights holders
• Copyright determinations made on 300,000 US books published between
1923-1963, opening > 50% of them
• A cost of ~$35,000/year for UIUC
11

12. SHARE Notify
12

13. Digital Preservation Network (DPN) evolution
• Originally
– “future cost avoidance” and “realign[ing] current investments”
– focused on “marquee data sets and content”
– “lower costs across the research community through economies of scale” to
preserve the scholarly record; “primarily about: scaling and rationalization;
cost reduction for preservation…; dependability; regaining control and costs
of publishing; and enabling future scholarship.”
• Now:
– knitting together “distributed efforts [to] increase the benefit and success of
projects and organizations that carry risk as they are only partial solutions to
the long-term preservation challenge.”
13

14. DPN Vision
• The future is uncertain. Academic institutions require that key aspects of
their scholarly histories, heritage and research remain part of the record of
human endeavor in spite of, or perhaps because of, whatever will happen
next. As an emblematic part of institutional identity, the potential loss of
core online academic collections that are part of what an institution
means could be catastrophic. Oral history collections, born digital
artworks, historic journals, theses, dissertations, media and fragile
digitizations of ancient documents and antiquities are examples of
irreplaceable resources. What happens if a strategic institutional
collection is lost? Will a critical building block of knowledge be lost forever?
It is essential for scholars of the future that action is taken now to protect
digital assets that are at risk of loss.
14

15. DPN diagram
15

16. DPN Costs
• As a part of DPN membership members may deposit 5TB of digital
content for no extra cost. Additional TB may be purchased if desired.
This content will be replicated so that there are three copies of the
content in the system in various locations around the country. The
DPN nodes utilize community approved best practices and the
system is designed so that the content is checked for fixity (and
repaired should problems be detected) at least once every two
years. DPN members can be confident that content in the system is
well protected for the long term.
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17. Unizin
17

18. Conclusion
• US infrastructure for research and collaboration is primarily at
the local or institutional level
• Most “shared” efforts add to rather than substitute function
and cost
• “Efficiency” and “cost savings” are insufficient as incentives
• Affordability is a key factor
18

19. Efficient Information Infrastructure for UK Research
Professor David Maguire,Vice-chancellor, University of Greenwich, and Chair of Jisc
06/07/2016

20. Agenda
»Introduction
› UK research
› Jisc and research data
› Current infrastructure
»REF
»NRII
› Architecture options
› International examples
»Conclusions
14/07/2016
A record to be
analysed
interoperable
Shared

21. UK Research Base: Strong and Efficient
14/07/2016 Efficient infrastructure for UK research 46
UK Research
3.2% Global R&D expenditure
9.5% Downloads
11.6% Citations
15.9% Highly cited articles

22. Jisc and Research Management
14/07/2016

23. Research Data Shared Service
48

24. Recent Research Policy Developments
»Open Access (Finch,Tickell)
»Metrics (Wilsd0n)
»Research Councils (Nurse)
»REF Review (Stern)
»Higher Education and Research Bill
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25. Research Excellence Framework
14/07/2016 Efficient infrastructure for UK research 50
» RAE/REF from 1986
» Goal
› Assess quality
› Distribute funding
» Assessment areas
› Outputs
› Environment
› Impact
» REF2014 cost £246m
» REF2020 planning (Stern Review)

26. The REF Information Challenge
»Expensive to collect, manage and analyse the massive amounts of
information in each assessment
»Limited re-use of the information that already exists
»Duplication of effort collecting and formatting the same
information multiple times
»Difficult to analyse information and compare results because of
lack of standards and access to tools
»Challenge to build clear picture of the state of national research
strengths and define priorities
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27. Patchwork of Provision
14/07/2016 Efficient infrastructure for UK research 53
University
Current Research
Information
Systems
Output
Repositories
(HEIs, Jisc Core)
Research Council
Information
Systems (GtR,
ResearchFish)
Specific-purpose
Systems:
Equipment,
People, Expertise
REF Results ??

28. How Efficient is the UK's Research Infrastructure?
» Network of 140 digital repositories
» Disciplinary data centres and repositories
eg Nerc DC, Euro PubMed
» Research data infrastructure eg Jisc
research data shared service (RDSS)
» OA infrastructure eg CORE, Jisc Monitor
» RCUK Gateway to Research
» Janet network
» High-performance computing eg Archer,
JASMIN
» AlanTuring Institute
» Research equipment eg equipment.data
14/07/2016 54
Image courtesy of RCUK

29. University of Greenwich
14/07/2016 Efficient infrastructure for UK research 55
GALA
Repository
(ePrints)
Biblio
(Scopus, SciVal)
Other
(Research
Professional,
pFact)
Research Data
Analysis
(ePrints, Inteum)
External
(JeS, eGAP,
EUROPA,
MoD)
CRIS
(Bespoke)

30. Vision for a NRII
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Information
Model
Open
Protocols
National
Warehouse
BI Analysis
and Reporting
ExpertTeam

31. NRII Architecture Options
distributed federated hybrid centralised
14/07/2016 Efficient infrastructure for UK research 57

32. NRII Architecture Options
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Centralised
Uni
User
Non-Uni
User
RIS
Federated
Uni
CRIS

33. NRII Architecture Options
14/07/2016 Efficient infrastructure for UK research 59
Hybrid
Uni
CRIS
RIS

34. Possible NRII Approach
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35. The Advantages
Government-related
Bodies / Research funders
HEIs Researchers
• Scalable, flexible
research reporting/
management
• Richer and more reliable
source of information
• Record and analyse
research across the
research base
• Improved data quality
and reliability
• Better benchmarking and
business intelligence
• Simpler submission of
REF return
• CRIS for small HEIs
• Comply with new policies
• Reduced administration
• Improved business
intelligence to inform
career development
14/07/2016 Efficient infrastructure for UK research 61

36. The Challenges
14/07/2016 Efficient infrastructure for UK research 62
Government-related
Bodies / Research Funders
HEIs Researchers
Effort to secure mandate for
early delivery of light touch
central UK RIS
Investment to build the
infrastructure
Interface local systems and
central warehouse
Procedures for data
exchange and governance
Potential greater scrutiny
from University

37. What would this mean for REF 20/21?
»Avoid slump-spike cycle
»Reduced costs of submission
»Improve openness, transparency
and accountability
»Permanent research record
»Greater access to REF data
»Facilitate development of
national priorities
14/07/2016 Efficient infrastructure for UK research 63

38. NRII: the business case
£4m a year
14/07/2016 Efficient infrastructure for UK research 64

39. Next steps
»Phase 1
› Agree design and standards
»Phase 2
› Initial Central RIS and Data
Warehouse
»Phase 2:
› Enrich NRII functionality
14/07/2016 Efficient infrastructure for UK research 65

40. Australian National Data Service partnership
with Research Data Alliance
14/07/2016 Efficient infrastructure for UK research 66

41. Research Graph and Data Switchboard
ResearchGraph:
Creating a
distributed graph
using Research
Data Switchboard
14/07/2016 Efficient infrastructure for UK research 67

42. Conclusion:The RightTime
»Research Economic,Technology and Policy stars are
aligning
»The current UK research information landscape is chaotic
»We need a National Research Information Infrastructure
› Reduce burden on researchers
› Lower research costs
› Enable better analysis and reporting
› Support development of national priorities
14/07/2016 Efficient infrastructure for UK research 68

43. Acknowledgements
A vision for a National Research Information Infrastructure in
the UK: options and recommendation
Rachel Bruce,Tamsin Burland, Catherine Grout, Max
Hammond, Neil Jacobs, David Maguire,Victoria Moody,
Joel Mullan, Linda Naughton, Phil Richards
Jisc May 2016
14/07/2016 Efficient infrastructure for UK research 69

44. jisc.ac.uk
Contact Me
ThankYou for Listening
David Maguire
Chair of Jisc
chair@jisc.ac.uk
14/07/2016 Efficient infrastructure for UK research 70