This document summarizes a PhD dissertation that studied the effect of calcium, ATP, and nitrite on the degradation of myofibrillar proteins. Specifically, it found that the addition of calcium, ATP, or a mixture stimulated the degradation of myosin and other connection proteins in beef and chicken myofibrils. Calcium and ATP also enhanced the activity of lysosomal proteases. Additionally, sodium nitrite was found to decrease degradation of chicken myofibrillar proteins, but had little effect in the presence of calcium and ATP. The influence of these compounds on the water-holding capacity of beef proteins was also examined.
This study compared the performance of real-time PCR, an enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and culture for detecting Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in pediatric patients. The PCR assay detected all 21 STEC-positive samples while the EIA only detected 6. Culture recovered 5 STEC O157 isolates but missed 2 detected by PCR. PCR was more sensitive than EIA or culture, with a detection limit of 102 CFU/ml compared to 106-107 CFU/ml for the other methods. The higher sensitivity of PCR is important for detecting STEC cases since a low bacterial load can still cause disease.
This study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns, ESBL production, and prevalence of integrons in 110 Salmonella isolates collected from hospitals in Tehran, Iran between 2012-2013. The key findings were:
1) Resistance was highest to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (63.6%) and nalidixic acid (47.3%). All isolates were susceptible to imipenem and ciprofloxacin.
2) Four isolates (3.6%) showed ESBL phenotype.
3) Thirty-six isolates (32.7%) contained integrons, with class 1 integrons most common and no class 3 integrons detected. The presence of integ
The document describes the development and use of AlphaLISA assays to characterize monoclonal antibody biotherapeutics. AlphaLISA is a homogeneous bead-based immunoassay that provides advantages over ELISA, including shorter assay times without washing steps. New AlphaLISA assays have been developed for detecting fucosylated IgG, host cell proteins, and quantifying therapeutic antibodies. Data shows the assays offer sensitive and precise detection of analytes during biotherapeutic development and characterization.
Lack of induced mutagenesis-Seminario Biología Molecular-Juan Restrepo RuizJuan Restrepo Ruiz
This document summarizes an experiment evaluating the effect of irradiated meat samples on E. coli and human lymphoblast cell lines. Various assays were conducted including measuring mutation frequency in E. coli, detecting antibiotic resistance plasmids, genome sequencing, and analyzing human lymphoblast mutation rates. The results found no evidence of mutagenesis from the irradiated meat samples in any of the assays. The conclusion is that food irradiation is a safe technology for food preservation and addresses misconceptions around safety.
This document summarizes research on interleukin-9 (IL-9), a multifunctional cytokine that plays important roles in conditions like airway inflammation and asthma. The study found that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) can "reprogram" the differentiation of T helper 2 cells and promote a IL-9-producing T cell subset. The researchers investigated IL-9 signaling pathways and used mouse models to examine the effects of IL-9 on intestinal nematode infection and autoimmune encephalomyelitis. They analyzed gene expression and cytokine production from T cells cultured under various conditions to identify factors that induce IL-9 production.
The document provides information about midterm exams and extra office hours for a class. It announces that the first midterm exam will be on Thursday, February 15 at 6pm in room 155 Dwinelle, and that review sessions will be held during the regular class time that day. It also notes that the professor will not have office hours on February 13.
The document describes a research study aimed at developing biomarkers for detecting potential allergenicity of novel foods, including genetically modified foods. The researcher conducted experiments challenging mice with known food allergens (egg ovomucoid protein and peanut protein) and analyzed gene expression profiles in the mice spleens. Several hundred genes were found to be differentially expressed. After validating some genes, the researcher identified potential biomarker genes that could help detect allergenicity of GM foods. The study provides insights into transcriptomic responses to food allergens and biomarkers that may help evaluate allergenicity of novel foods like GM crops.
This document summarizes a PhD dissertation that studied the effect of calcium, ATP, and nitrite on the degradation of myofibrillar proteins. Specifically, it found that the addition of calcium, ATP, or a mixture stimulated the degradation of myosin and other connection proteins in beef and chicken myofibrils. Calcium and ATP also enhanced the activity of lysosomal proteases. Additionally, sodium nitrite was found to decrease degradation of chicken myofibrillar proteins, but had little effect in the presence of calcium and ATP. The influence of these compounds on the water-holding capacity of beef proteins was also examined.
This study compared the performance of real-time PCR, an enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and culture for detecting Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in pediatric patients. The PCR assay detected all 21 STEC-positive samples while the EIA only detected 6. Culture recovered 5 STEC O157 isolates but missed 2 detected by PCR. PCR was more sensitive than EIA or culture, with a detection limit of 102 CFU/ml compared to 106-107 CFU/ml for the other methods. The higher sensitivity of PCR is important for detecting STEC cases since a low bacterial load can still cause disease.
This study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns, ESBL production, and prevalence of integrons in 110 Salmonella isolates collected from hospitals in Tehran, Iran between 2012-2013. The key findings were:
1) Resistance was highest to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (63.6%) and nalidixic acid (47.3%). All isolates were susceptible to imipenem and ciprofloxacin.
2) Four isolates (3.6%) showed ESBL phenotype.
3) Thirty-six isolates (32.7%) contained integrons, with class 1 integrons most common and no class 3 integrons detected. The presence of integ
The document describes the development and use of AlphaLISA assays to characterize monoclonal antibody biotherapeutics. AlphaLISA is a homogeneous bead-based immunoassay that provides advantages over ELISA, including shorter assay times without washing steps. New AlphaLISA assays have been developed for detecting fucosylated IgG, host cell proteins, and quantifying therapeutic antibodies. Data shows the assays offer sensitive and precise detection of analytes during biotherapeutic development and characterization.
Lack of induced mutagenesis-Seminario Biología Molecular-Juan Restrepo RuizJuan Restrepo Ruiz
This document summarizes an experiment evaluating the effect of irradiated meat samples on E. coli and human lymphoblast cell lines. Various assays were conducted including measuring mutation frequency in E. coli, detecting antibiotic resistance plasmids, genome sequencing, and analyzing human lymphoblast mutation rates. The results found no evidence of mutagenesis from the irradiated meat samples in any of the assays. The conclusion is that food irradiation is a safe technology for food preservation and addresses misconceptions around safety.
This document summarizes research on interleukin-9 (IL-9), a multifunctional cytokine that plays important roles in conditions like airway inflammation and asthma. The study found that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) can "reprogram" the differentiation of T helper 2 cells and promote a IL-9-producing T cell subset. The researchers investigated IL-9 signaling pathways and used mouse models to examine the effects of IL-9 on intestinal nematode infection and autoimmune encephalomyelitis. They analyzed gene expression and cytokine production from T cells cultured under various conditions to identify factors that induce IL-9 production.
The document provides information about midterm exams and extra office hours for a class. It announces that the first midterm exam will be on Thursday, February 15 at 6pm in room 155 Dwinelle, and that review sessions will be held during the regular class time that day. It also notes that the professor will not have office hours on February 13.
The document describes a research study aimed at developing biomarkers for detecting potential allergenicity of novel foods, including genetically modified foods. The researcher conducted experiments challenging mice with known food allergens (egg ovomucoid protein and peanut protein) and analyzed gene expression profiles in the mice spleens. Several hundred genes were found to be differentially expressed. After validating some genes, the researcher identified potential biomarker genes that could help detect allergenicity of GM foods. The study provides insights into transcriptomic responses to food allergens and biomarkers that may help evaluate allergenicity of novel foods like GM crops.
Presented by Vish Nene at the Workshop on the Distribution, Delivery and Improvement of the
Infection and Treatment Method Vaccine for East Coast Fever, Nairobi, 19-20 August 2014
Gene expression profile of the tumor microenvironment from 40 NSCLC FFPE and ...Thermo Fisher Scientific
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is the intersection between tumor cells and
surrounding non-transformed cells. It contains immune cells, signaling molecules,
stromal and extracellular matrix. Research has shown the TME is often associated
with tumor growth. However, the function and regulatory mechanism of each
constituent is still poorly understood. The presence of PD-L1 is a promising marker
to predict positive response for T cell checkpoint therapy. Current IHC methods to
measure PD-L1 are subjective and highly variable. A higher-throughput and
standardized method that can systematically measure gene expression of cells
present in the TME has emerged to be a more desirable solution.
We applied the OncomineTM Immune Response Research Assay to measure the
expression of 395 genes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) research samples
from 40 matched FFPE and fresh frozen sample types. This assay covers genes
involved in checkpoint pathway, T cell regulation, cytokine and interferon signaling
pathways, and markers of different tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) subsets, as
well as tumor markers. With an input requirement of 10 ng of total RNA, libraries
were generated, templated on the Ion ChefTM and sequenced on the Ion S5TM
System. Sequencing data was analyzed and mapped with Torrent Suite Software
and differential expression analysis was conducted with AffymetrixTM Transcriptome
Analysis Console.
Src jbbr-20-120 Dr. ihsan edan abdulkareem alsaimary PROFESSOR IN MEDICAL M...dr.Ihsan alsaimary
Dr. ihsan edan abdulkareem alsaimary
PROFESSOR IN MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
ihsanalsaimary@gmail.com
mobile : 009647801410838
university of basrah - college of medicine - basrah -IRAQ
Elucidating changes in gene expression in Tryp susceptible and resistant cattle during progression of tryp infection using Affymetrix gene expression Micro arrays
- The document describes a study that examined the gene expression profile in mouse mesenteric lymph nodes in response to treatment with three known food allergens (peanut agglutinin, ovalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin).
- Microarray analysis identified differentially expressed genes in response to each allergen treatment, and real-time RT-PCR was used to validate candidate biomarker genes.
- The results suggest that differentially expressed genes in response to known food allergens may serve as candidate biomarker genes for assessing potential allergenicity of genetically modified foods.
This study developed methods to measure immune response in reduced volumes of feline whole blood. Lymphocyte proliferation was measured in response to mitogens like ConA, PHA, and PMA/Ionomycin. Flow cytometry was used to identify lymphocyte populations like CD21+ B-cells, CD5+/CD4+ T-helper cells, and CD5+/CD8+ T-cytotoxic cells in whole blood. Phagocytosis was also successfully measured in whole blood using pHrodo-labeled E. coli bioparticles. These assays were refined to require only 2ml of blood while still obtaining reproducible results, supporting the 3Rs principles of reducing animal use. The methods provide a way to investigate innate
This document summarizes a study that investigated the transcriptome profile of mouse mesenteric lymph nodes and allergic reactions in response to common food allergens. Mice were sensitized to peanut agglutinin, ovalbumin, or beta-lactoglobulin and challenged after two weeks. Gene expression was analyzed using microarrays and real-time RT-PCR. Several pathways and genes were differentially expressed, including T-cell receptor signaling and IL-7 signal transduction pathways. The study identified potential biomarker genes for assessing food allergen responses.
This document discusses a study on uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) that causes urinary tract infections. The study aimed to detect virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes in UPEC isolates from patients. The isolates were tested for susceptibility to 11 antibiotics. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify genes related to virulence factors and antibiotic resistance. The results showed prevalence of certain virulence genes and antibiotic resistance patterns. While some virulence genes were present, not all infections could be linked to known pathotypes. The authors conclude it would be useful to identify pathotypes in Colombia to help target antibiotic treatment and reduce resistance.
This document describes a cross-species gene expression methodology for comparing drug responses between species. Key points:
1) The methodology identifies orthologous gene probes between rat and human microarrays to develop a "virtual human" array from rat gene expression data. This allows direct comparison of rat and human drug responses at a molecular level.
2) Application of the method to a PPARα agonist showed conserved induction of marker genes between rat and virtual human arrays, though human response is typically weaker.
3) Analysis using artificial neural networks identified both shared and distinct gene expression markers of drug response in rat versus virtual human data, demonstrating the ability to find "bridge markers" for cross-species extrapolation.
The document discusses various aspects of typhoid fever pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, and laboratory testing. It covers the following key points:
1. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi causes typhoid fever. It discusses the bacterium's structure and mechanisms of pathogenesis, including invasion of the gastrointestinal epithelium and toxin production.
2. Clinical symptoms of typhoid fever typically involve stages including fever, abdominal pain, constipation or diarrhea, and possible complications like intestinal bleeding or perforation.
3. Diagnosis involves culture-based identification of S. Typhi from blood, stool, or bone marrow samples, as well as serological tests detecting antibodies to S. Typhi such as the Widal test.
Shital Magar presented on in vitro genotoxicity testing based on OECD guidelines. The presentation covered the objectives of genotoxicity testing, introduction to genotoxicity, history, and details of key in vitro tests including bacterial reverse mutation assay, mammalian cell gene mutation tests, mammalian chromosomal aberration test, and mammalian cell micronucleus test. Parameters and limitations of each test were discussed along with examples of software used to analyze genotoxicity results.
Discovery of novel CTL epitopes by peptide library screening of CTL lines fro...ILRI
Poster prepared by N. Svitek, R. Saya, E. Awino, M. Nielsen, N. MacHugh, J.C. da Silva, V. Nene and L. Steinaa for the Keystone Symposium on New Approaches to Vaccines for Human and Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Cape Town, 22-26 May 2016
This document discusses the development of two diagnostic tools (ELISA and lateral flow device) for the detection of antibodies against ovine and bovine theileriosis. It provides background information on the genus Theileria, which are tick-transmitted protozoan parasites that infect ruminants. It reviews the taxonomy, life cycle, clinical signs, and pathogenic species of Theileria that infect small ruminants. Existing methods for diagnosis of ovine and bovine theileriosis are described. The objectives of this study are to develop a recombinant protein ELISA for detection of T. uilenbergi infection and a lateral flow device for rapid detection of T. annulata infection under field conditions.
2004 paper primer ctx dissemination of ctx m-type -lactamases among clinical ...JairAlexanderTllez
This document summarizes a study analyzing 19 clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae (16 E. coli and 3 K. pneumoniae) collected from four hospitals in Paris, France between 2000-2002 that exhibited resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins. Testing found the resistance was due to various CTX-M-type beta-lactamase enzymes, predominantly CTX-M-15. Most isolates produced both TEM-1 and CTX-M enzymes. The blaCTX-M genes were located on large plasmids and often upstream of the insertion sequence ISEcp1. Five isolates had identical plasmid fingerprints, suggesting clonal dissemination of CTX-M-15-producing strains in
Comparison of primer sets for amplification of Major Piroplasm Surface Protei...Sudhakar Goud Karpurapu
This document compares the efficiency of two primer sets for detecting Theileria orientalis, the causative agent of oriental theileriosis, in cattle. Blood samples from 32 cattle showing clinical signs of the disease were examined microscopically and using two PCR primer sets that target the major piroplasm surface protein gene of T. orientalis. Microscopy found 22 cattle positive, while primer set 1 identified 23 positive and primer set 2 identified all 32 cattle as positive. The results suggest PCR using primer set 2 is more sensitive for detection of T. orientalis infection compared to microscopy or primer set 1.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the use of a recombinant Toxoplasma gondii surface antigen 1 (SAG1) for the serodiagnosis of acute and chronic Toxoplasma infections in humans. The researchers cloned the SAG1 gene from T. gondii genomic DNA and expressed the recombinant protein in E. coli. They then used the recombinant SAG1 antigen in ELISA tests to detect IgM and IgG antibodies in human sera, comparing it to a commercial ELISA kit. The recombinant SAG1 ELISA showed 93% sensitivity and 95% specificity for IgG detection, and 87% sensitivity and 95% specificity for IgM detection, demonstrating its potential as a diagnostic tool for toxoplasmosis
1. This study investigated the prevalence of integrons and antimicrobial resistance genes in 110 clinical isolates of Enterobacter species collected from hospitals in Tehran, Iran between 2012-2013.
2. The study found that 45 isolates (41%) contained integrons, with class 1 integrons being most common. Integron-positive isolates showed higher resistance to antibiotics like augmentin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and cefoxitin.
3. Ten integron-positive isolates were found to be ESBL producers. Common resistance genes identified included blaTEM (20%), blaCTX-M-1 (15.6%), and genes encoding aminoglycoside
1) The study investigated how Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of bacteria like Chlamydia and Neisseria that cause STIs, affects expression of HIV receptors in cervical epithelial cells.
2) The results showed that LPS increased expression of the CCR5 HIV co-receptor and other alternative receptors in cervical cells through activation of EGFR, ERK1/2, and COX-2 signaling pathways.
3) This suggests that STIs have the potential to enhance susceptibility to HIV infection in women by regulating expression of HIV receptors in cervical epithelial cells through an inflammatory response.
Enterocin 55 produced by non rabbit-derived strain Enterococcus faecium EF55 ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of enterocin 55 (Ent55), produced by Enterococcus faecium EF55, on the microbiota and health parameters of broiler rabbits. Ent55 was administered to an experimental group of rabbits for 3 weeks. Microbial analysis found that Ent55 reduced counts of coagulase-negative staphylococci, Pseudomonas species, and coliforms in fecal and intestinal samples. Ent55 also increased phagocytic activity and reduced Eimeria oocyst counts, while not negatively impacting growth performance or biochemical parameters. The results indicate that Ent55 produced by a non-native strain can provide protective and beneficial effects in broiler rabbits.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
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Gene expression profile of the tumor microenvironment from 40 NSCLC FFPE and ...Thermo Fisher Scientific
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is the intersection between tumor cells and
surrounding non-transformed cells. It contains immune cells, signaling molecules,
stromal and extracellular matrix. Research has shown the TME is often associated
with tumor growth. However, the function and regulatory mechanism of each
constituent is still poorly understood. The presence of PD-L1 is a promising marker
to predict positive response for T cell checkpoint therapy. Current IHC methods to
measure PD-L1 are subjective and highly variable. A higher-throughput and
standardized method that can systematically measure gene expression of cells
present in the TME has emerged to be a more desirable solution.
We applied the OncomineTM Immune Response Research Assay to measure the
expression of 395 genes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) research samples
from 40 matched FFPE and fresh frozen sample types. This assay covers genes
involved in checkpoint pathway, T cell regulation, cytokine and interferon signaling
pathways, and markers of different tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) subsets, as
well as tumor markers. With an input requirement of 10 ng of total RNA, libraries
were generated, templated on the Ion ChefTM and sequenced on the Ion S5TM
System. Sequencing data was analyzed and mapped with Torrent Suite Software
and differential expression analysis was conducted with AffymetrixTM Transcriptome
Analysis Console.
Src jbbr-20-120 Dr. ihsan edan abdulkareem alsaimary PROFESSOR IN MEDICAL M...dr.Ihsan alsaimary
Dr. ihsan edan abdulkareem alsaimary
PROFESSOR IN MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
ihsanalsaimary@gmail.com
mobile : 009647801410838
university of basrah - college of medicine - basrah -IRAQ
Elucidating changes in gene expression in Tryp susceptible and resistant cattle during progression of tryp infection using Affymetrix gene expression Micro arrays
- The document describes a study that examined the gene expression profile in mouse mesenteric lymph nodes in response to treatment with three known food allergens (peanut agglutinin, ovalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin).
- Microarray analysis identified differentially expressed genes in response to each allergen treatment, and real-time RT-PCR was used to validate candidate biomarker genes.
- The results suggest that differentially expressed genes in response to known food allergens may serve as candidate biomarker genes for assessing potential allergenicity of genetically modified foods.
This study developed methods to measure immune response in reduced volumes of feline whole blood. Lymphocyte proliferation was measured in response to mitogens like ConA, PHA, and PMA/Ionomycin. Flow cytometry was used to identify lymphocyte populations like CD21+ B-cells, CD5+/CD4+ T-helper cells, and CD5+/CD8+ T-cytotoxic cells in whole blood. Phagocytosis was also successfully measured in whole blood using pHrodo-labeled E. coli bioparticles. These assays were refined to require only 2ml of blood while still obtaining reproducible results, supporting the 3Rs principles of reducing animal use. The methods provide a way to investigate innate
This document summarizes a study that investigated the transcriptome profile of mouse mesenteric lymph nodes and allergic reactions in response to common food allergens. Mice were sensitized to peanut agglutinin, ovalbumin, or beta-lactoglobulin and challenged after two weeks. Gene expression was analyzed using microarrays and real-time RT-PCR. Several pathways and genes were differentially expressed, including T-cell receptor signaling and IL-7 signal transduction pathways. The study identified potential biomarker genes for assessing food allergen responses.
This document discusses a study on uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) that causes urinary tract infections. The study aimed to detect virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes in UPEC isolates from patients. The isolates were tested for susceptibility to 11 antibiotics. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify genes related to virulence factors and antibiotic resistance. The results showed prevalence of certain virulence genes and antibiotic resistance patterns. While some virulence genes were present, not all infections could be linked to known pathotypes. The authors conclude it would be useful to identify pathotypes in Colombia to help target antibiotic treatment and reduce resistance.
This document describes a cross-species gene expression methodology for comparing drug responses between species. Key points:
1) The methodology identifies orthologous gene probes between rat and human microarrays to develop a "virtual human" array from rat gene expression data. This allows direct comparison of rat and human drug responses at a molecular level.
2) Application of the method to a PPARα agonist showed conserved induction of marker genes between rat and virtual human arrays, though human response is typically weaker.
3) Analysis using artificial neural networks identified both shared and distinct gene expression markers of drug response in rat versus virtual human data, demonstrating the ability to find "bridge markers" for cross-species extrapolation.
The document discusses various aspects of typhoid fever pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, and laboratory testing. It covers the following key points:
1. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi causes typhoid fever. It discusses the bacterium's structure and mechanisms of pathogenesis, including invasion of the gastrointestinal epithelium and toxin production.
2. Clinical symptoms of typhoid fever typically involve stages including fever, abdominal pain, constipation or diarrhea, and possible complications like intestinal bleeding or perforation.
3. Diagnosis involves culture-based identification of S. Typhi from blood, stool, or bone marrow samples, as well as serological tests detecting antibodies to S. Typhi such as the Widal test.
Shital Magar presented on in vitro genotoxicity testing based on OECD guidelines. The presentation covered the objectives of genotoxicity testing, introduction to genotoxicity, history, and details of key in vitro tests including bacterial reverse mutation assay, mammalian cell gene mutation tests, mammalian chromosomal aberration test, and mammalian cell micronucleus test. Parameters and limitations of each test were discussed along with examples of software used to analyze genotoxicity results.
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This document discusses the development of two diagnostic tools (ELISA and lateral flow device) for the detection of antibodies against ovine and bovine theileriosis. It provides background information on the genus Theileria, which are tick-transmitted protozoan parasites that infect ruminants. It reviews the taxonomy, life cycle, clinical signs, and pathogenic species of Theileria that infect small ruminants. Existing methods for diagnosis of ovine and bovine theileriosis are described. The objectives of this study are to develop a recombinant protein ELISA for detection of T. uilenbergi infection and a lateral flow device for rapid detection of T. annulata infection under field conditions.
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This document summarizes a study analyzing 19 clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae (16 E. coli and 3 K. pneumoniae) collected from four hospitals in Paris, France between 2000-2002 that exhibited resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins. Testing found the resistance was due to various CTX-M-type beta-lactamase enzymes, predominantly CTX-M-15. Most isolates produced both TEM-1 and CTX-M enzymes. The blaCTX-M genes were located on large plasmids and often upstream of the insertion sequence ISEcp1. Five isolates had identical plasmid fingerprints, suggesting clonal dissemination of CTX-M-15-producing strains in
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This document compares the efficiency of two primer sets for detecting Theileria orientalis, the causative agent of oriental theileriosis, in cattle. Blood samples from 32 cattle showing clinical signs of the disease were examined microscopically and using two PCR primer sets that target the major piroplasm surface protein gene of T. orientalis. Microscopy found 22 cattle positive, while primer set 1 identified 23 positive and primer set 2 identified all 32 cattle as positive. The results suggest PCR using primer set 2 is more sensitive for detection of T. orientalis infection compared to microscopy or primer set 1.
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1. This study investigated the prevalence of integrons and antimicrobial resistance genes in 110 clinical isolates of Enterobacter species collected from hospitals in Tehran, Iran between 2012-2013.
2. The study found that 45 isolates (41%) contained integrons, with class 1 integrons being most common. Integron-positive isolates showed higher resistance to antibiotics like augmentin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and cefoxitin.
3. Ten integron-positive isolates were found to be ESBL producers. Common resistance genes identified included blaTEM (20%), blaCTX-M-1 (15.6%), and genes encoding aminoglycoside
1) The study investigated how Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of bacteria like Chlamydia and Neisseria that cause STIs, affects expression of HIV receptors in cervical epithelial cells.
2) The results showed that LPS increased expression of the CCR5 HIV co-receptor and other alternative receptors in cervical cells through activation of EGFR, ERK1/2, and COX-2 signaling pathways.
3) This suggests that STIs have the potential to enhance susceptibility to HIV infection in women by regulating expression of HIV receptors in cervical epithelial cells through an inflammatory response.
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This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of enterocin 55 (Ent55), produced by Enterococcus faecium EF55, on the microbiota and health parameters of broiler rabbits. Ent55 was administered to an experimental group of rabbits for 3 weeks. Microbial analysis found that Ent55 reduced counts of coagulase-negative staphylococci, Pseudomonas species, and coliforms in fecal and intestinal samples. Ent55 also increased phagocytic activity and reduced Eimeria oocyst counts, while not negatively impacting growth performance or biochemical parameters. The results indicate that Ent55 produced by a non-native strain can provide protective and beneficial effects in broiler rabbits.
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Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
A gentle push towards improved hygiene and food safety through ‘nudge’ interv...ILRI
Poster by Kristina Roesel, Steven Kakooza, Memory Chirwa, Denis Mugizi, Joshua Waiswa, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Dorothée Étienne, Imara Roychowdhury, Lillian Diaz and Elizabeth Cook presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdfSelcen Ozturkcan
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.
Development of a fluorescent RBL reporter system for diagnosis of porcine cysticercosis
1. Development of a fluorescent RBL reporter
system for diagnosis of porcine cysticercosis
Md. Shahadat Hossain1,2
, Philip Toye2
, Lian Thomas2,3
, Franco H. Falcone1
1
Justus Liebig University Giessen, 2
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), 3
University of Liverpool
Created with BioRender Poster Builder
Background & Objectives
→Porcine cysticercosis is caused by a zoonotic
neglected tropical disease parasite, Taenia solium in pig.
→PCC reduces pork value, affects food security and
livelihood of pig farmers.
→Tongue palpation and meat inspection are most widely
used diagnostic methods.
→Serological diagnosis is based on IgG, characterized
by low sensitivity.
→IgE plays the central role in metazoan parasitic
infections.
⊕ Objective 1: Development and characterization of
porcinized IgE reporter cell lines which can bind pig IgE.
⊕ Objective 2: Selection, cloning, and recombinant
expression of candidate allergens of T. solium, followed
by their validation as diagnostic antigens.
Test Principle
⊕ Porcinized IgE reporter system created using Rat
basophil leukaemia (RBL) cells stably transfected with
neuropeptide Y monomeric red fluorescent protein fusion
(RBL NPY-mRFP), located in granules (Fig.1).
α α
α
Rat IgE
β γ
Pig IgE Pig IgE
γ
β γ γ
β γ
γ
C
h
i
m
e
r
i
c
P
i
g
/
R
a
t
F
c
ε
R
I
α
P
i
g
F
c
ε
R
I
α
R
a
t
F
c
ε
R
I
α
Fig. 1 Creation of chimeric pig/rat FcεRIα cell line
⊕ Porcinized reporter system incubated overnight with
pig-IgE followed by stimulation with allergens, results in
IgE crosslinking, by allergens, followed by degranulation
of reporter cells (Fig.2).
β
γ
γ
α
β
γ γ
α β
γ
γ
α
β
γ γ
α
Allergens
IgE
FcεR1
IgE
RBL NPYmRFP-pig/rat FCεRIα
reporter system
Measures red florescent protein (mRFP), released by
stimulated cells in supernatant after 45 minutes of
incubation (Ex/Em 530/590 nm)
Fig.2 Activation of the porcinized IgE reporter system by IgE-
allergen interaction. Crosslinking of receptor-bound IgE by
allergen induces degranulation and mRFP release into
supernatant.
Methods
Selection of putative IgE-binding
antigens expressed by tissue
migrating oncosphere stage for
cloning followed by sequence
verification of successful clones;
allergenicity prediction of
diagnostic allergens.
Published proteomic
and transcriptomic data
A A T
G C G
T C
T G
Sequence analysis
Protein motifs (e.g. EF-
Hand, potease signatures)
Allergen Databases
(e.g. AllFam, Allergome,
AlgPred 2.0)
Tyagi et al. predicted
helminth 'allergens'
Nucleofection of NPY-mRFP
reporter with pig high affinity
IgE receptor (alpha chain)
Antibiotic selection of
stable transfectant
Clonal selection of best
porcine IgE reporters
Suitability as diagnostic antigens
(Specificity, Sensitivity, ROC curves)
T A A
T
C C
A T T
A
G G
T
A
C
G
C
G
A
T
C
G
T
A pTT
Allergens
Codon
optimization
Cloning
HEK-293 6E
cell culture
Transfection
Shaking
Incubator
Recombinant expression of
allergens in HEK293-6E cells
followed by chromatographic
purification
Results
⊕ Five candidate diagnostic T. solium
oncospheral allergens identified through
bioinformatics analysis (Fig.3) and
allergenicity confirmed by AlgPred 2.0.
Fig. 3 Candidate allergens of T. solium
⊕ Three HEK293-6E cell supernatants
transfected T. solium allergens showed
expected protein band size in Western blot
analysis (Fig.4).
⊕ K0A0S9: 19.8 kDa , Q2XNL7: 20 kDa,
and W8P1J2: 22.3 kDa.
10
17
26
34
43
55
72
kDa 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
19.8 kDa 20 kDa
22.3 kDa
Fig. 4 Successful protein expression of
transfected allergens in Western blot. Lane 1:
protein ladder; Lane 2: negative control, Lane
3-7: transfected T. solium allergens .
Conclusion
✓ Stably transfected chimeric pig/rat
FcεRIα reporter system has been created
(Fig.5)
✓ Successful cloning and sequence
verification of four recombinant T. solium
allergens in expression vector
✓ Successful recombinant expression
Fig. 5 Stable transfection and PCR confirmation
of chimeric pig/rat FcεRIα cell line. Fluorescence
microscopy showing red fluorescence from
transfected cells. In PCR, RBL-2H3 cells used
for negative control (SS-nc). SS: chimeric pig/
rat FcεRIα, MW is a 100 bp ladder.
Outlook
● Further expression and purification
of candidate diagnostic allergens.
● Validation and assessment of
Porcinized RBL reporter system
with diagnostic allergens.
● Screening of infected and non-
infected pig sera with reporter
system.
● Determination of specificity and
sensitivity.
Commissioned by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development
(BMZ) and carried out by ATSAF e.V. on behalf of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für
Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH.