Developing alternatives to cotton pesticides in Benin (Dutch Embassy in Benin),Impact of different control methods on bollworm numbers and cotton yield in Northern Benin,Development of delivery systems,Feasibility for IPM of cashew pests (BMZ):new challenges in insect ecology.

1. IPM in cotton and cashew
Manuele Tamò
insect ecologist
R4D week, Nov 23 2009
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

2. Developing alternatives to cotton pesticides in
Benin (Dutch Embassy in Benin)
Cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera
Single most important pest in cotton
Resistant to most common synthetic pesticides and 1st gen. bt-cotton
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

3. - biopesticides:
entomopathogens, neem oil
- trap plants: sunflowers,
marigolds
- conservation of locally
available natural enemies
(parasitoids, spiders etc.)
- integration of all these
options
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

4. Impact of different control methods on bollworm numbers and
cotton yield in Northern Benin
Milieux paysans (Banikoara)
Pratiques Godou Ounet Goumonri Founougo
Nombre Rendements Nombre Rendements Nombre Rendements Nombre Rendements
moyen de H. moyen (kg/ha) moyen de H. moyen (kg/ha) moyen de H. moyen (kg/ha) moyen de H. moyen
armigera par armigera par armigera par armigera par (kg/ha)
cotonnier cotonnier cotonnier cotonnier
Huile de neem 0,090 ± 0,031 a 990 ± 248 a 0,056 ± 0,033 a 460,4 ± 99 0,967 ± 0,160 a 333 - 410,4 ± 69
Metarhizium 0,124 ± 0,034 a 1238 ± 35 a 0,061 ± 0,035 a 212,5 ± 6 1,000 ± 0,180 a 238 - 218,8 ± 38
anisopliae
Beauveria 0,071 ± 0,051 a 998 ± 43 a 0,045 ± 0,028 a 495,8 ± 84 1,096 ± 0,191 a 340 - 379 ± 65
bassiana
Conventionnel 0,200 ± 0,108 a 1154,2 ± 211 a 0,085 ± 0,037 a 517 ± 214 1,033 ± 0,165 a 538 - 556 ± 232
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

5. How to scale out these options:
Neem oil:
- no need to scale out !
- market driven, as long as one can make a profit
- monitor spill-over effect on other cash crops
Mycopesticides:
- more complicated
- registration, patenting, quality control issues
- economic benefit: investment for production
Trap plants:
- added value (selling of sunflower seeds)
Strategic partnerships:
NARS (other countries), NGOs, private sector, ‘champions’
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

6. The parasitoid Habrobracon brevicornis
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

7. Development of delivery systems: phase II
Country Villages Producers keeping release bags Release bags Evaluation Number of millet
installed (villages assessed) spikes observed
Men Women Release villages Control villages
Niger 90 470 25 1303 24 8 14400
Burkina Faso 51 235 20 690 23 5 16350
Mali 31 83 10 465 31 8 17750
Total 172 788 55 2458 78 21 48500
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

8. Feasibility for IPM of cashew pests (BMZ):
new challenges in insect ecology
Apate terebrans in action
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

9. The (invasive?) cashew leafminer Eteoryctis syngramma (Meyrick)
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org

10. Scaling out based on results from feasibility study
Leafminer: classical biological control (inoculative releases)
Helopeltis bugs: augmentative biocontrol + biopesticides
Apate borer: aggregation pheromones + biopesticides
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org