2014 Uluslararası Lider Martılar Projeleri_No 14 2014 International ICT Leading Seagulls Projects #14

1. HATE CRIMES:
MURDER OF HOMOSEXUAL
AND TRANSSEXUAL
INDIVIDUALS

3. Group Members:
Seher AKKUŞ
Hilal ALTUNAY
Fadime DUYMUŞ
Our slogan:
Rainbow Against
Discrimination

4. Our Agenda
Brain Storming
Matris Diagram
Literature Review
Fishbone Diagram
Reasons of the Issue
Example from Turkey
Survey
Suggestions
Gannt Chart
References

5. BRAIN STORMING
Working Children
Education in Mother Tongue
Hate Crimes
Violence Against Women

6. Why do we decide the topic «Hate
Crimes»?
Preventable
Can be seen all around the world
There are a lot of victim of these problems

7. MATRIS DIAGRAM

8. LITERATURE REVIEW

9. Sex
Sex is characterized as biological and
physical traits that makes us male and
female.

10. Gender
Gender refers to culturally and socially
determined sex roles.

11.  When a baby borns it
is identified as girl or
boy according to the
biological
characteristics. Some
people are forced to
choose one of these
two.

12. Gender role begin to occur while different
names given to girls and boys and while
girls are dressed in pink and boys are
dressed in blue.

13. Gender roles determine the jobs and
responsibilities of different sexes as well as
it plays an important role in accessing to the
resources.

14. Sexual Orientation
Sexual orientation is an enduring personal
quality that inclines people to feel romantic
or sexual attraction (or a combination of
these) to persons of the opposite sex or
gender, the same sex or gender, or to both
sexes or more than one gender.

15. Heterosexuality:
Heterosexuality is
romantic
attraction, sexual
attraction or sexual
behavior between
persons of
opposite sex or
gender in the
gender binary.

16. Homosexuality:
Homosexuality is
romantic
attraction, sexual
attraction or sexual
behavior between
members of the
same sex or
gender.

17. Bisexuality:
Bisexuality is
romantic
attraction,
sexual
attraction or
sexual behavior
toward both
males and
females.

18. Transsexualism:
Transsexualism is
when an individual
identifies with a
gender inconsistent
or not culturally
associated with their
assigned sex.

19. The gay, transgender and bisexuals are
treated differently by various communities.
There are mainly two types of violance that
are exhibited:
1. Homophobia
2. Transphobia

20. Hate Crimes
Hate crime (also known
as bias-motivated
crime) is a usually
violent, prejudice
motivated crime that
occurs when a
perpetrator targets a
victim because of his or
her perceived
membership in a
certain social group.

21. Examples of such
groups include but
are not limited to:
ethnicity, gender
identity, language,
nationality,
physical
appearance,
religion, or sexual
orientation.

22. Homophobia encompasses a range of
negative attitudes and feelings toward
homosexuality or people who are identified
or perceived as being lesbian, gay, bisexual
or transgender (LGBT).

23. Homophobia is observable in critical and
hostile behavior such as discrimination and
violence on the basis of sexual orientations
that are non-heterosexual.

24. Today, homophobia is beyond being
personal fear and irrational belief system. It
is something that occur in political area and
it is in relation to the social and political
traditions.

25. Transphobia is a range of negative attitudes
and feelings towards transsexuality and
transsexual or transgender people, based
on the expression of their internal gender
identity.

26. Not fulfilling the gender roles that are
expected from the man and woman mean
shaking one of the most important pillars of
social systems that is gender identity. This
situation pushed the LGBT individuals out of
society.

27. How do homophobia and transphobia
manifest themselves?

28. Homophobia and transphobia within
families are experienced in the form of
verbal abuse, physical threats or physical
violence.

29. Sexual orientation punished with parents’
and relatives’ abusive responses and 26% of
gay and lesbian youth are forced to leave
their homes.

30. During the last decade, the rising
proportion of the victims especially in
schools and public spaces was formed in
parallel to increase the visibility of the
homosexuals.

31. Cultural and social norms defined different
sexual orientations as a deviant life style
and exclude the ones that have different
sexual orientation.

32. Educational process and the school itself
also serves as one of the tools important
for the consolidation of established-
discriminatory attitudes against
homosexuals, bisexuals, and transsexuals.

33. Using some straight words to humiliate
another person reinforces the process of
stigmatization of gays and heterosexism.

35. Those which exhibit strong homophobic
attitudes than others are usually
(Franzoi, 2003);
 Men
 They have traditional attitudes with regard to gender roles
 They have stronger religious beliefs,
 They have friends who have similar negative attitudes,
 They have racist and sexist stereotypes,
 They are authoritative,
 They have very little personal/social interacitions and
familiarity with LGBT individuals,
 They have at a higher level of the orientation of social
superiority,
 They have relatively low levels of education.

36. Transgender Day of Remembrance
The TDOR 2013 update reveals a total of
1,374 reported killings of trans people in 60
countries worldwide from January 1st 2008
to October 31st 2013. It is important to note
that these cases are those that could be
found through Internet research and
through cooperation with trans
organizations and activists. In most
countries, data on murdered trans people
are not systematically produced and it is
impossible to estimate the numbers of
unreported cases.

37. Throughout all six world regions, the
highest absolute numbers have been found
in countries with strong trans movements
and trans or LGBT organizations that do a
professional monitoring: Brazil (539),
Mexico (144), Colombia (76), Venezuela (70)
and Honduras (60) in Central and South
America, the USA (85) in North America,
Turkey (34) and Italy (26) in Europe, and
India (30) and the Philippines (29) in Asia.

39. FISHBONE DIAGRAMFISHBONE DIAGRAM

40. CAUSES OF THIS ISSUE
 DISCRIMINATORY ATTITUDES
 Bias/prejudice
 Being uninformed
 OTHERING
 MEDIA/INTERNET
 USING OFFENSIVE LANGUAGE
 HOMOPHOBIA/TRANSPHOBIA
 RESISTANCE TO CHANGE
 LEGAL LOOPHOLE
 ATTITUDES OF OFFICIAL PEOPLE

41. Discriminatory Attitudes

42. Othering

43. Media/Internet
«The good news is that everything is on the
Internet. The bad news is that everything is
on the Internet.»
«It is a utopia for all kinds of hate groups.»
* Prum, Deschamps, and Barbier: Racial, Ethnic, and Homophobic Violence: Killing in
the Name of Otherness

44. «If speech as blatantly hateful as that is
increasingly difficult to find on American
television, it has not disappeared. Instead,
efforts to demonise gays have found the
more hospitable venue of Internet.»
«Hate groups use the Internet as a toolfor
self-organizing and for recruiting new
members.»
* Prum, Deschamps, and Barbier: Racial, Ethnic, and Homophobic Violence: Killing in
the Name of Otherness

45. Using Offensive Language
Think before you speak: The 'You Don't Say'
campaign at Duke University confronts
everyday expressions that center around
gender and sexual orientation and has
gained national publicity, especially from
critics.

47. Homophobia/Transphobia

48. Resistance to Change
«American Family Association (AFA) and
Family Research Council (FRC) representing
homosexuality as a voluntary sin and the
LGBT movement as a plot to destroy
American family.»
* Prum, Deschamps, and Barbier: Racial, Ethnic, and Homophobic Violence: Killing in
the Name of Otherness

49. Legal Loophole

50. Attidues of Official

51. BAD EXAMPLES
List of 265 reported
murdered trans persons
from November 15th 2011 to
November 14th 2012.
List composed by Carsten
Balzer and Jan Simon Hutta
for the ‘Trans Murder
Monitoring’ project, a
subproject of Transgender
Europe’s ‘Transrespect
versus Transphobia
Worldwide’ (TvT) research
project

52. Name: Melda (Metin) Yuksel
Age: 26
Date of Death: 13/02/12
Location of Death: Kocaeli (Turkey)
Cause of Death: shot
Remarks: The victim was shot by her
brother in her apartment. The court gave
decreased sentence to the perpetrator (16
years of imprisonment) with the argument
that the perpetrator was under "heavy
provocation".
Source: TVT project: TGEU SC member
Kemal Ordek

53. Name: Tugce (Hasan) Sahingoz
Age: 23
Date of Death: 30/03/12
Location of Death: Izmir (Turkey)
Cause of Death: shot
Remarks: The victim was shot in her car.
The perpetrator was arrested.
Source: TVT project: TGEU SC member
Kemal Ordek

54. Name: Nukhet (Kadir) Kızılkaya
Age: not reported
Date of Death: 05/04/12
Location of Death: Aydın (Turkey)
Cause of Death: stabbed
Remarks: The victim was found dead in her
apartment, stabbed 40 times to death.
Source: TVT project: TGEU SC member
Kemal Ordek

55. Name: Secil Dilşeker
Age: 46
Date of Death: 10/07/12
Location of Death: Antalya (Turkey)
Cause of Death: stabbed
Remarks: The victim was found dead in her
apartment, stabbed several times to death.
Her throat was cut.
Source: TVT project: TGEU SC member
Kemal Ordek

56. Name: Serap (Mustafa Serkan) G.
Age: 28
Date of Death: 24/10/12
Location of Death: Antalya (Turkey)
Cause of Death: stabbed
Remarks: The victim was stabbed to death.
Her throat was cut by two perpetrators.
Source: TVT project: TGEU SC member
Kemal Ordek

57. Ahmet Yıldız

58. Ramazan Çiçek

59. Umut Göktuğ Söyler

60. SURVEY
Participants: Total:28 (15 male/13 female)
Avarage age: 31.9 (between 18-64)
Time: May 2,2014

69. OUR SUGGESTIONS

71. Increasing the acknowledgement about
homosexuality and transsexuality
 Activities at universities
 Changes in curriculums
 Adding required courses about human
sexuality
 Spreading these informations to other
members of society

72. Homophobia should be counted as hate
crime.
Some changes should be done in labour law
in order to prevent people from
discrimination.
Politicians should actively stand against
discriminatory acts.

74. GANNT CHART

75. REFERENCES
 http://web.firat.edu.tr/sosyalbil/dergi/arsiv/cilt19/sayi2/209-
230.pdf
 http://feministatolye.org/index.php/morbolge/sozluk/81-
toplumsalcinsiyet
 http://www.duyguguncesi.net/?p=5210
 http://dergiler.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/42/998/12144.pdf
 http://earsiv.arel.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1/140/14
0.pdf?sequence=2
 http://marx-21.net/wp-
content/uploads/2014/03/marx21_2.pdf#page=270
 http://www.tgeu.org/node/435

76.  Racial, ethnic, and homophobic violence : killing in the name
of otherness / edited by Michel Prum, Bénédicte Deschamps
and Marie-Claude Barbier. Abingdon [England] ; New York :
Routledge-Cavendish, 2007.
 “Demokratikleşme Paketi”nde LGBTİ’ler Yine Yok!
http://kaosgl.org/sayfa.php?id=15959
 Kaos GL: Nefret Artık Devlet Koruması Altında!
http://www.kaosgl.com/sayfa.php?id=15965
 Hakan Yılmaz. 2010. “ 'Türkiye'de 'Biz'lik, 'Öteki'lik,
Ötekileştirme ve Ayrımcılık: Kamuoyundaki Algılar ve
Eğilimler”. Açık Toplum Vakfı (Destek No: 2009001) ve
Boğaziçi Üniversitesi (Destek No: 07K120620) tarafından eş
katkıyla desteklenen araştırma projesi. Tamamlanma tarihi:
Haziran 2010. Erişim adresi: www.hakanyilmaz.info

77.  http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2615160/Man-Thats-
gay-Dont-pussy-offensive-slang-Duke-University-students-
told-not-say.html

78. THANKS TO HAYAL KÖKSAL!