Telemedicine with their importance

2. Definition
 Telemedicine can be defined as, the use of
modern information technology, especially two-way
interactive audio/video telecommunication,
computers, and telemetry to deliver health services
to remote patients and to facilitate information
exchange between primary care physicians and
specialists at some distance from each other.
Telemedine- theory and practice

3.  The WHO defines Telemedicine as,
“The delivery of health care services, where distance
is a critical factor, by all healthcare professionals
using information & communication technologies
for the exchange of valid information for diagnosis,
treatment & prevention of disease & injuries,
research & evaluation of healthcare providers, all in
the interests of advancing the health of individuals
& their communities.”

4. Types of telemedicine
1. Real time (synchronous)
2. Store-and-forward (asynchronous)

5. A. Real time
 It could be as simple as a telephone call
or as robotic surgery.
 It requires the presence of both parties at
the same time.
 Video-conferencing equipment is one of
the most common forms of technologies
used in synchronous telemedicine.

6.  There are also peripheral devices which
can be attached to computers or the video
conferencing equipment which can aid in an
interactive examination
 A tele-ototscope allows a remote physician
to ‘see’ inside a patient’s ear.
 A tele-stethoscope allows the consulting
remote physician to hear the patient’s
heartbeat.

7. Tele- Otoscope

8. Tele- Stethoscope

9. B. Store and forward
Telemedicine
 It involves acquiring medical data.
 It does not require the presence of both
parties at the same time.
 Dermatology (tele-dermatology), radiology,
and pathology are common specialties that
are conductive to asynchronous
telemedicine

10.  Telemedicine is the most beneficial for
population living in isolated
communities.
 Specialties that use telemedicine often
use a “tele” prefix
 For example, telemedicine as applied
by radiologist is called Tele-radiology

11.  It is useful as a communication tool
between a general practitioner and a
specialist available at a remote
location.
 Monitoring a patient at home using
known devices like blood pressure
monitors and transferring the
information to a caregiver is a fast
growing emerging service.

12. Specialty in Telemedicine
•Cardiology
•Home care
•Radiology
•Emergency care
•Surgery
•Dermatology
•Psychiatry
•Oncology
•Pathology
•Ophthalmology
•Hematology
•E.N.T
•Nephrology
•Pre hospital care

13. Growth of Tele Medicine
 2001: Tele-radiology-still images.
 2002: Tele-cardiology-Moving images.
 2003: Tele-pathology, Tele-
ophthalmology.
 2004: Tele-oncology, Tele-surgery.
 2005: Mobile Tele Health.
 2006: Telemedicine for primary
healthcare-VRC

14. Applications in Different
Forms
 Information exchange between Hospitals and
physicians.
 Networking of group of hospitals, research
centers.
 Linking rural health clinics to a central
hospital.
 Videoconferencing between a patient and
doctor, among members of speciality.
 Training of healthcare professionals in widely
distributed or remote clinical settings.
 Instant access to medical knowledgebase,
technical papers etc.

15. Requirement Specification
A. Nodal hospital
 A patient getting treated
 A Doctor
 A remote telemedicine console having
audio visual and data conferencing
facilities.

16. Nodal end
 A group of general physicians.
 System administrator.
 Data entry operator.
 Studio technician.
 Patients.

17. B. Referral Hospital
 An expert/ specialized doctor
 A central telemedicine server having
audio visual and data conferencing
facility.

18. Referral end
 A group of general physicians.
 System administrator.
 Studio technician.

19. The Data
 Data related to a patient’s personal
information.
 Data related to a patient’s medical
information.
 Data for patient management in
Telemedicine.
 Data related to the doctors.
 Data for system management

20. Patient’s personal information
 Patient ID
 Name
 Age/ sex

21. Patient’s medical information
 Textual.
 Plain Text.
 Structured Documents.
 Image.
 Graphics.
 Video.
 Vector

22. Data related to the doctor
 Doctor’s personal information.
 Unique identification key.

23. Data for system Management
 Users’ list
 Password file
 Log files

24. Sequence of Operations
 The following diagram depicts the
sequence of operation of the
telemedicine services:

27. Telemedicine in india
 Existing system limited only to private
hospital.
 APOLLO Group of Hospitals.
 Ravindra Nath Tagore cardiac Hospital,
Calcutta. (Asia Heart Foundation).
 Corporate sectors offering Telemedicine
systems.
 Online Telemedicine system, Ahmedabad.
 Wipro GE Health care Services
 Siemens Company, India
 Pune Medi-Health care
 Previously there is no Telemedicine system
for public health care

28. Public Health Care
Telemedicine:-
 Apollo Hospitals have been the
pioneer in the field of telemedicine in
India. it was The first to set up the
rural telemedicine centre in the village
of Aragonda in the state of Andhra
Pradesh. It has now evolved as the
single most largest solution provider
for telemedicine in India.

29. APPLICATION OF
TELEMEDICINE IN PUBLIC
HEALTH
 An epidemiological Surveillance.
 geographical distribution & gradients
in disease prevalence & incidence &
valuable insight into population
 It also provides valuable information.
 It helps in differentiating & delineating
the risk factors the population

30.  Interactive health communication &
disease prevention:-
 It can relay information to individuals
as well as to the population as whole.
 It enables informed decision-making.
 It can go a long way to promote &
maintain healthy behaviors in the
community.

31.  It can also help in peer information
exchange & emotional support.
 It promotes self-care & domiciliary
care practices.
 It can be a very important tool for the
evaluation & monitoring of healthcare
services.

32. Advantages of Telemedicine
 Better quality
 Reduction of cost
 Information procurement
 Standardization
 Specialization
 IT competence
 Availability of human resources

33.  Shared digital archives
 Procurement
 Continued development of treatments

34.  Advantages for patient
 Advantages for groups
 Advantages for states
 Advantages for corporate hospital
 Advantages for Hospital administrator

35. Other Advantages of
telemedicine in India
 Doctors licensed to practice all over India
 Maximum utilization of resources, save
time , money and travel.
 Make geography, history.
 International grand rounds, web casting
conferences.
 Motivation for computer literacy among
doctors.
 Useful for designing credits for re-
certification of doctor.

36. Disadvantages
 Licensing across state lines.
 Lack of standards.
 Difficulty in training users and
maintaining equipment
 Cost of telecom infrastructure.
 Last mile.
 Do rural homes have PCs?
 Patient confidentiality.

37. SUMMARY
 I summaries my topic, today we learn
about the introduction, definition of
telemedicine, history, specialties
types, technological trends,
telemedicine in india, application in
different form, requirement
specification , advantages,
disadvantages of telemedicine.

38. CONCLUSION
 It is not too much of a stretch of the
imagination to realize that
telemedicine will soon be just another
way to see a health professional, just
as seeing friends & family while talking
to them on the phone is becoming
commonplace.