Nanotechnology from history to future. Can help for study as well as PPT. Good Luck hope u guys find it helpful.

2. Nanotechnology
The Next Very Big (Small) Thing
BY:- HAMID ABBAS

3. Agenda
Introduction To Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology In Today's Life
Advantages Of Nanotechnology
Disadvantages Of Nanotechnology
Future Of Nanotechnology

4. What Is
Nanotechnology

5. “Nanotechnology is the art and science of
manipulating matter at the nanoscale”
What is Nanotechnology?

6. How Small Is Nanoscale

7. A nanometer is…
– one billionth of a meter
How Small Is Nanoscale?
Human Hair: Approx. 1x105 nmDNA Sample: Approx. 2 nm

8. How Small Is Nanoscale?

10. History
• The first ever concept was presented
in 1959 by the famous professor of
physics Dr. Richard P. Feynman.
• Invention of the scanning tunneling
microscope in 1981 and the discovery
of fullerene(C60) in 1985 lead to the
emergence
of nanotechnology.
• The term “Nano-technology" had
been coined by Norio Taniguchi in
1974.

11. • The early 2000s also saw the
beginnings of commercial applications
of nanotechnology, although these
were limited to bulk application of
nanomaterials.
• In 1999, Mihail Roco formally proposed
the National Nanotechnology Initiative
to the Office of Science and Technology
Policy during the Clinton administration
in 1999.
• In 2000 also the Govt. moves to
promote and fund research in
nanotechnologies, thus from there
generation of Nanotechnology begins.

12. • Scanning Tunneling Microscope (1981)
• Fullerenes (1985)
• Engines of Creation (Book published in 1986)
Early Inventions

13. Generations of NANOTECHNOLOGY

14. Who Cares
About
Nanotechnology

15. We All Should Care!
– Because it can bring revolution in the current
industrialization and manufacturing processes.
Who Cares About Nanotechnology ?

16. 0
50
100
150
200
250
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350
22
70 100
180
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Amount Of Investment In
Billion US$/Year
Who Cares About Nanotechnology ?

17. Applications Of
Nanotechnology

18. Applications by type:-
• Nanomedicine
• Nanobiotechnology
• Green nanotechnology
• Energy applications of nanotechnology
• Potential applications of carbon nanotubes
• Nanoart

19. • Nanomedicine : is the medical application
of nanotechnology. Nanomedicine ranges from the medical
applications of nanomaterials and biological devices,
to nanoelectronic biosensors, and even possible future
applications of molecular nanotechnology such as biological
machines. Current problems for nanomedicine involve
understanding the issues related
to toxicity and environmental impact of nanoscale
materials (materials whose structure is on the scale of
nanometers, i.e. billionths of a meter).
• Functionalities can be added to nanomaterials by interfacing
them with biological molecules or structures. The size of
nanomaterials is similar to that of most biological molecules
and structures; therefore, nanomaterials can be useful for
both in vivo and in vitro biomedical research and
applications. Thus far, the integration of nanomaterials with
biology has led to the development of diagnostic devices,
contrast agents, analytical tools, physical therapy
applications, and drug delivery vehicles.

20. • Nanomedicine seeks to deliver a valuable set of
research tools and clinically useful devices in the near
future. The National Nanotechnology Initiative expects
new commercial applications in the pharmaceutical
industry that may include advanced drug delivery
systems, new therapies, and in
vivo imaging. Nanomedicine research is receiving
funding from the US National Institutes of Health
Common Fund program, supporting four nanomedicine
development centers.
• Nanomedicine sales reached $16 billion in 2015, with
a minimum of $3.8 billion in nanotechnology R&D
being invested every year. Global funding for emerging
nanotechnology increased by 45% per year in recent
years, with product sales exceeding $1 trillion in 2013.
As the nanomedicine industry continues to grow, it is
expected to have a significant impact on the economy.

21. • Nanobiotechnology/bionanotechnology/nanobiology are
terms that refer to the intersection
of nanotechnology and biology.Given that the subject is one
that has only emerged very recently, bionanotechnology and
nanobiotechnology serve as blanket terms for various related
technologies.
• This discipline helps to indicate the merger of biological
research with various fields of nanotechnology. Concepts that
are enhanced
through nanobiology include: nanodevices (such as biological
machines), nanoparticles, and nanoscale phenomena that
occurs within the discipline of nanotechnology. This technical
approach to biology allows scientists to imagine and create
systems that can be used for biological research. Biologically
inspired nanotechnology uses biological systems as the
inspirations for technologies not yet created.However, as
with nanotechnology and biotechnology, bionanotechnology
does have many potential ethical issues associated with it.

22. • The most important objectives that are frequently found in nanobiology
involve applying nanotools to relevant medical/biological problems and
refining these applications. Developing new tools, such as peptoid
nanosheets, for medical and biological purposes is another primary
objective in nanotechnology. New nanotools are often made by refining
the applications of the nanotools that are already being used. The imaging
of native biomolecules, biological membranes, and tissues is also a major
topic for the nanobiology researchers. Other topics concerning
nanobiology include the use of cantilever array sensors and the
application of nanophotonics for manipulating molecular processes in
living cells.
• Recently, the use of microorganisms to synthesize functional
nanoparticles has been of great interest. Microorganisms can change the
oxidation state of metals. These microbial processes have opened up new
opportunities for us to explore novel applications, for example, the
biosynthesis of metal nanomaterials. In contrast to chemical and physical
methods, microbial processes for synthesizing nanomaterials can be
achieved in aqueous phase under gentle and environmentally benign
conditions. This approach has become an attractive focus in current green

23. DNA nanotechnology
involves forming
artificial, designed nanostruc
tures

25. • Green nanotechnology : It refers to the use
of nanotechnology to enhance the environmental
sustainability of processes producing negative
externalities. It also refers to the use of the products of
nanotechnology to enhance sustainability. It includes
making green nano-products and using nano-products
in support of sustainability.
• Green nanotechnology has been described as the
development of clean technologies, "to minimize
potential environmental and human health risks
associated with the manufacture and use of
nanotechnology products, and to encourage
replacement of existing products with new nano-
products that are more environmentally friendly
throughout their lifecycle.

26. Schematic diagram of residue-free green
nanotechnology enhanced the pesticide
efficiency and ensured food safety and
public health.

27. • NanoArt is a novel art discipline related
to science and technology. It depicts natural or synthetic
structures with features sized at the nanometer scale, which
are observed by electron or scanning probe
microscopy techniques in scientific laboratories. The recorded
two or three dimensional images and movies are processed
for artistic appeal and presented to the general audience.
• One of the aims of NanoArt is to familiarize people
with nanoscale objects and advances in their synthesis and
manipulation. NanoArt has been presented at traditional art
exhibitions around the world. Besides, online competitions
have been launched in the 2000s such as the “NANO” 2003
show at Los Angeles County Museum of Art and
“Nanomandala”, the 2004 and 2005 installations in New York
and Rome by Victoria Vesna and James Gimzewski,[1] and the
regular "Science as Art" section launched at the 2006
Materials Research Society Meeting.[2][3]

28. Colorized scanning electron microscopy(SEM)
image of pollen from a variety of common
plants: sunflower, morning
glory, hollyhock, lily, primrose and castor bean
Colorized SEM image of a rust mite

29. Nanobots
• Close to the scale of 10-9.
• Largely in R&d phase .
• Nanobots of 1.5 nanometers across, capable
of counting specific molecules in a chemical sample.
• Since nanorobots would be microscopic in size, it would probably be necessary for very large
numbers of them to work together to perform microscopic and macroscopic tasks.
• Capable of replication using environmental resources .
• Application:
– Detection of toxic components in
environment.
– In drug delivery.
– Biomedical instrumention.

31. Nanotechnology in Drugs(Cancer)
• Provide new options for drug delivery and drug therapies.
• Enable drugs to be delivered to precisely the right location in
the body and release drug doses on
a predetermined schedule for optimal treatment.
• Attach the drug to a nanosized carrier.
• They become localized at the disease site, i.e cancer tumour.
• Then they release medicine that kills the tumour.
• Current treatment is through radiotherapy or chemotherapy.
• Nanobots can clear the blockage in arteries.

32. Nanotechnology in Mobile
• Morph, a nanotechnology concept device
developed by Nokia Research Center (NRC) and
the University of Cambridge (UK).
• The Morph will be super hydrophobic making
it extremely dirt repellent.
• It will be able to charge itself from available light sources using
photovoltaic nanowire grass covering it's surface.
• Nanoscale electronics also allow stretching. Nokia envisage that a
nanoscale mesh of fibers will allow our mobile devices to be bent,
stretched and folded into any number of conceivable shapes.

33. Nanotechnology in Electronics
• Electrodes made from nanowires enable flat
panel displays to be flexible as well as
thinner than current flat panel displays.
– Nanolithography is used for fabrication
of chips.
– The transistors are made of nanowires,
that are assembled on glass or thin films
of flexible plastic.
– E-paper, displays on sunglasses and
map on car windshields.

34. Nanotechnology in computers
• The silicon transistors in your computer may be replaced
by transistors based on carbon nanotubes.
• A carbon nanotube is a molecule in form of a hollow
cylinder with a diameter of around a nanometer which
consists of pure carbon.
• Nanorods is a upcoming technology in the displays
techniques due to less consumption of electricity and less
heat emission.
• Size of the microprocessors are reduced to greater extend.
• Researchers at North Carolina State University says that
growing arrays of magnetic nanoparticles, called
nanodots.

35. Advantages

36. Material
With NT, we can create unique materials and products which are:
– Stronger
– Lighter
– Cheaper
– Durable
– Precise
Advantages

37. Industrial
– Computers can become a billion times faster and a million
times smaller
– Automatic Pollution Cleanup
– Manufacturing at almost no cost
Advantages

38. Medical
– End of Illnesses (i.e. cancer, heart disease)
– Universal Immunity (i.e. aids, flu)
– Body Sculpting
(i.e. change your appearance)
Advantages

39. Disadvantages

40. – Loss of jobs (in manufacturing, farming, etc)
– Carbon Nanotubes could cause infection of lungs
– Oil & Diamonds could become worthless
– Atomic weapons could be more accessible and destructive
Disadvantages

41. Disadvantages
– Nano-particles can get into the body through the skin, lungs and
digestive system, thus creating free radicals that can cause cell damage.
– Once nano-particles are in the bloodstream, they will be able to cross
the blood-brain barrier.
– The most dangerous Nano-application use for military purposes is the
Nano-bomb that contain engineered self multiplying deadly viruses that
can continue to wipe out a community, country or even a civilization.
– Nanobots because of their replicating behavior can be big threat for
GRAY GOO.

42. Future of Nanotechnology

43. Nanotechs can be used as or in:-
Electronic Paper
Nokia Morph
Contact Lens
Future Of Nanotechnology

44. National Science and Technology Council
(USA) claims that:
“Nanotechnology is an enabling technology
that will change the nature of almost every
human-made object in the next century.”
Future Of Nanotechnology

45. Future Of Nanotechnology
• Nanotechnology may make it possible to manufacture lighter, stronger,
and programmable materials that
– require less energy to produce than conventional material
– and that promise greater fuel efficiency in land transportation, ships,
aircraft, and space vehicles.
• The future of nanotechnology could very well include the use of
nanorobotics.
• These nanorobots have the potential to take on human tasks as well as
tasks that humans could never complete. The rebuilding of the depleted
ozone layer could potentially be able to be performed.

46. Morph: Nokia’s Nanotechnology Concept
Phone
http://tini.us/morph
Wikipedia NT Portal
http://tini.us/nano
Image Credits
http://sxc.hu/
References

47. Bottom Line
"The Next Big Thing Is
Really Small”

48. Thank you…