3. مرض
الكوكسيديا
فى
الحيوانات
المختلف
ة
• An acute invasion and destruction of intestinal
mucosa by protozoa of the genera Eimeria .
• Serious disease in sheep, cattle, goats, pigs, poultry
and rabbits
• In dogs, cats and horses it is less diagnosed but it
can cause illness.
•
4. فى االيميريا انواع
المختلفة الحيوانات
• In calves: ( يوجد
20
منهم نوع
13
هى االنواع وأشهر ممرض نوع
:
• Eimeria bovis and Eimeria zuernii
• In sheep:
• Eimeria ovina
• in dogs:
• I. canis,
• In poultry:
• E. tenella, E. acervulina, and E. maxima.
9. الحياة دورة
1.Once a calf ingests sporozoites, they invade the
lining of small and large intestines, down into the
mucosa where they multiply by asexual development.
2.“Then they form a second stage.
These merazoites rupture out of the mucosal cells and
invade new cells, multiply again and produce a second
generation.
10. الحياة دورة
• This process continues for at least four asexual
multiplication cycles.
• After a few days with all this damage, they re-enter
the mucosal lining and form male and female
gametes.
• These unite and secrete a wall around themselves
and form an oocyst, which is passed out with feces to
start the life cycle again.”
12. الحمالن فى االصابة
1.Most common in lambs 3-6 weeks old that are
infected right after birth.
2. Infection is more common in wet months. الشتاء فصل
3.Parasite is transmitted orally and infection can occur
from residual contamination of the environment or
from parasites being shed by ewes
14. الرضيعة العجول فى االعراض
• In light infections:الخفيفة االصابة
• Feed efficiency is reduced.
• Watery feces, with little or no blood.
• Animals show only slight discomfort for a few days.
15. الرضيعة العجول فى الشديدة االصابة أعراض
• Thin, bloody diarrhea that may continue for >1 wk,
• or thin feces with streaks or clots of blood, shreds of epithelium,
and mucus.
• They may develop a fever.
• Depressed, and dehydrated; and lose weight.
• Tenesmus
• During the acute period, some calves die;
• others die later from secondary complications (eg, pneumonia).
• Calves with concurrent enteric infections (eg, Giardia) may be more
severely affected than calves with coccidia infections alone
16. الرضيعة العجول فى الشديدة االصابة أعراض
• Nervous signs (eg, muscular tremors, hyperesthesia, clonic-tonic
convulsions with ventroflexion of the head and neck, nystagmus)
and a high mortality rate (80%–90%) are seen in some calves with
acute clinical coccidiosis.
• ظهور
اعراض
عصبية
فى
فى
بعض
حاالت
االصابة
خاصة
فى
حاالت
البرد
الشديد
20. الحمالن فى االعراض
• Diarrhea
• Fever
• Dehydration
• Loss of appetite
• Wool breaking
• Weight loss
• Emaciation
• Sometimes death
21. فى االعراض
الكالب
• However, in puppies and debilitated adult dogs,
coccidiosis may cause severe watery diarrhea,
dehydration, abdominal distress, and vomiting. In
severe cases, death may occur.
The species that most commonly
causes clinical infections
in dogs is I. canis,
27. • Intestines showed congestion
and hemorrhages.
• On opening, it showed
thickened and congested
mucosa and presence of
catarrhal exudate.
التشريحية الصفة
30. العالج قبل مهمة مالحظات
1
-
الكوكسيديا؟ نعالج هل
• Life cycles of the protozoa are self-limiting and their
life ends spontaneously, unless re-infection occurs.
يحدث
شفاء
تلقائى
بدون
تدخل
عالجى
فى
حال
عدم
حدوث
اعادة
عدوى
• Timely medication may slow or inhibit the life cycle of
the oocysts, which can shorten the length of the
infection, alleviate symptoms .
األعراض ويخفف المرض مدة ويقلل الحياة دورة من يقلل او يمنع العالجى التدخل
31. Main Line of Treatment
للعالج العامة الخطوط
Supportive treatment:
Fluid therapy
Antidiarrheal drugs
Nutritional support(to give them energy ).
Antiprotozoal drug
Hematinic & Vitamin K
Strict hygiene to preventing infections.
39. أدوية
االصابة لعالج تستخدم
الكوكسيديا من
• Sulpha
Duration
Dose
Name of the drug
3 days in the
drinking water
140 mg/kg body
weight daily
Sulfamethazine
3-5 days during
natural exposure to
oocysts
6 mg/kg body
weight per day.
Sulfaquinoxaline
5 days
10 mg/kg body
weight per day
Amprolium
40. أدوية
تستخدم
الكوكسيديا من االصابة من للوقاية
Duration
Dose
Name of the drug
. 1 mg/kg/day to a
maximum of 360
mg/head/day)
Lasalocid
(Bovatec®),
21 days during natural
exposure to oocysts
5 mg/kg body weight
per day.
Amprolium
28 days during periods
when there is risk of
exposure to oocysts
0.5 mg/kg body weight
per day.
Decoquinate
100 to 480 mg per head
per day
Monensin
41. أدوية
للوقاية تستخدم
من
االصابة
من
ال التحويل معدل وزيادة الكوكسيديا
غذائى
• Ionophores, such as monensin (Rumensin®)
• Lasalocid (Bovatec®),
• are often given to feedlot-age calves because they help
increase feed efficiency and also act as a mild coccidostat,
hindering multiplication of coccidia.
•
للعجول
في
عمر
حقل
التسمين
ألنها
تساعد
على
زيادة
كفاءة
التغذية
وتعمل
أيض
ا
كعامل
كوكسيدي
خفيف
،
مما
يعيق
تكاثر
الكوكسيديا
.
42. • Amprolium (50 mg/kg orally for 7 successive days)
• Sulphadimidine (125 mg/kg injected IM followed by half dose
for 4 successive days).
• Toltrazuril (Baycox bovis®) (20 mg/kg BW twice orally at a 1-
week interval)..
43. • Toltrazuril (Baycox 5% suspension).
• It acts against coccidia of the genus Eimeria.
• It is active against all intracellular development stages of
coccidia of the merogony (asexual multiplication) and
gamogony (sexual phase).
• All stages are destroyed, and hence the mode of action is
• coccidiocidal. والالجنسية الجنسية االالطوار على ويؤثر للكوكسيديا قاتل
48. 1-Environmental control
بالحيوانات المحيط الوسط فى التحكم
Cleaning and disinfection are crucial to controlling
the spread of cryptosporidiosis.
Use disinfectant at the entrance to the calf shed
المحافظة
على
نظافة
وتطهير
المكان
باستمرار
استخدام
مطهرات
فى
مدخل
المزرعة
والعجول
الرضيعة
49. الوقاية طرق
• Oocysts can survive up to one year
• Good feeding practices and good management (i.e.
sanitation)
• Make sure neonatals receive colostrum
• Young susceptible animals should be kept in clean
and dry areas
• Stress should be minimized
53. ذهبية معلومات
• 1. Coccidiosis is host-specific.
• 2. The oocysts (eggs) excreted into the environment are
very resistant.
• 3. Many disinfectants are not effective.
• 4. Not all species of coccidiosis cause disease
• 5. Immunity is host species.
• (Infection with Eimeria results in life-long immunity to that
particular parasite species, but does not give cross
protection against other species. )
54. ذهبية معلومات
• 6. Tests can help identify subclinical infections of
pathogenic species.
• 7. Coccidiosis increases susceptibility to secondary
infections.
• 8. Identifying infection early is key.
• 9. Stress can increase susceptibility to cocci
• 10. Treat all animals, not just sick ones
55. ذهبية معلومات
• It takes between 15 and 21 days from
ingestion of the oocyst to shedding of
more oocysts in the faeces,
• so if one animal is showing symptoms, it’s
likely that more have already been
infected.
