Construction and demolition waste can be used as an alternative materials in construction industry.

1. Dr. Gyanendra Kumar
Construction and Demolition Waste as Alternative
Aggregates in Construction Industry
Founder & CEO
04-02-2023 SustainAble Solutions 1
Global Waste Management Technology Conference
19 January 2023, Virtual Mode
Topic of Discussion

2. Profile
Dr. Gyanendra Kumar
(CEng, MIE, AMASCE)
04-02-2023 SustainAble Solutions 2
Educational Background
B.Tech., M.Tech., Ph.D., and M.B.A.
Brief Job Profile
Founder - SustainAble Solutions
(Civil Engineering and Environment Consultant)
Professional Expertise:
Founder and professional with 13-years of varied experience in research,
cement, concrete, and academics along with proven expertise in material
characterization and testing, sustainability analysis, waste management,
optimization, and construction project management.

3. Professional Journey
04-02-2023 SustainAble Solutions 3
Sr. Officer
(Technical
Servives) –
Jaypee Cement
(June 2009 to
Sept. 2013)
Assistant
Professor (Civil
Engineering) –
NIU
(Sept 2013 to
July 2015)
Assistant
Professor (Civil
Engineering) –
DGI - G.Noida
(Aug. 2015 to
June 2017)
Guest Faculty
(Civil
Engineering) -
GBU - Greater
Noida
(Aug. 2015 to
June 2017)
Ph.D. (Civil
Engineering) –
NIT Jaipur
(July 2017 to
Nov. 2022)
Senior
Manager
(Sustainable
Product
Development)
– Development
Alternatives
Grouo (Aug.
2022 to Dec.
2022)
Founder
(Sustainable
Solutions) –
(Jan. 2023 to till
Date)

4. SustainAble Solutions
SustainAble Solutions, a professional micro-enterprise, is established in
January 2023 and founded by a passionate and highly skilled professional
Dr. Gyanendra Kumar who is an engineer by profession and researcher at
heart. The founder has more than 13 years of rich experience in research,
education, cement, and the construction industry. The services offered at
SustainAbe Solutions are sustainability-oriented, which is base of our
existence. It provides a wide range of technical services in the field of civil
engineering and environment.
Global building stock will double in 40 years and embodied carbon from this
expansion alone will accelerate climate change by six years due to carbon
emissions, which will lead to increased global climate impact and resource
depletion. The unorganized and unsystematic development may lead to
catastrophic results in the time to come. This is the need of the hour when
related agencies should understand the seriousness of the situation and act
according. So, we need to have sustainable solutions, which can complement
the existing process and lead to Zero Carbon. The focus will be on
minimizing the use of natural resources and energy which will lead to
lowering hazardous gas emissions into the atmosphere.

5. Construction and Demolition Waste
(CDW)
04-02-2023 SustainAble Solutions 5

6. CDW Generation Estimate
• It was estimated to generate 535 million tonnes of CDW as
per centre for science & environment report (CSE, 2014),
• Whereas 11 million tonnes of CDW was estimated by the
Technology of Information, Forecasting & Assessment
Council (TIFAC, 2011).
• Whereas, it was 716 million tonnes as per “Materials
Consumption Pattern in India: A baseline Study for the
Automotive & Construction Sectors” in 2015.
• So, there is no availability of correct data regarding CDW
generation in India.

7. Demand of Natural Aggregates
• Natural aggregates constitute more than 70% of the total weight
of concrete.
• It was estimated to generate a demand of 2 to 10.3 billion tons of
coarse aggregates based on concrete estimation by 2027 (Ipsita
Satpathy et al., 2016).
• Haphazard mining of the river sand and other natural aggregates
pose a danger to the existence of the natural resources.
• So, there should be an alternative of source of aggregates, which
can be used in place of natural aggregates.

8. Case study of C&DW utilization in Jaipur
• Visited 5 demolition sites in Jaipur
• Personal interaction with 15 demolition contractors
• Present practices of handling of C&DW in Jaipur (Survey Questionnaire)

9. CDW Procurement

10. Primary Crushing of demolished
Concrete

11. Secondary Crushing

12. Recycled Concrete Aggregates

13. Physical Properties of Aggregates
Physical properties Natural Aggregate RCA
Specific Gravity SSD (g/cm3) 2.67 2.42
Water Absorption (%) 0.67 5.12
Compacted Bulk Density (kg/litre) 1.44 1.34
Loose Bulk Density (kg/litre) 1.35 1.24

14. Chemical
Profile
Compounds NCA River Sand RCA
SiO2 72.5 64.1
63.7
Al2O3 7.6 12.5
7.13
Fe2O3 6.15 5.06
3.49
CaO 3 8.19
19.7
MgO 3.78 1.93
1.03
Na2O 3.51 1.5
0.59
P2O5 0.52 0.37
0.15
SO3 0.14 0.33
1.23
Cl 0.13 0.04
0.17

15. Particle Size Distribution
2/4/2023 SustainAble Solutions 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0.075 0.75 7.5
Passing
Percentage
Sieve Size (mm)
Lower Limit
NCA
Coarse RCA
River Sand
Fine RCA
Upper Limit

16. Mixing of material by Weight

17. Block Manufacturing

18. Recycled Concrete Paver Blocks

19. Conclusion
• Construction and demolition waste is the most sustainable
source of alternative aggregates.
• RCA can replace significant portion of natural aggregates,
i.e., 30% in higher grade concrete, whereas it can replace
even 100% natural aggregates in low grade concrete.
• The water absorption of RCA is almost more than double to
natural aggregates, which makes it inferior.
• Whereas mechanical or chemical treatment can make RCA
suitable to be used in higher grade concrete or RCC also.

20. Thank You
www.sustainablesolutions.info
Gkattri.founder@ecosustainablesolutions.org
Contact: +91-120-311-9815, +91-9760239685
2/4/2023 SustainAble Solutions 20