This document discusses care of mothers and children at risk. It begins by introducing how deaths and disabilities from pregnancy can be prevented through interventions like family planning and quality prenatal, delivery, and postpartum care. It then provides data on risks like poor and young women being more likely to have closely spaced pregnancies. Global and local maternal mortality statistics are presented, identifying the leading causes of death. High risk pregnancies are defined as those with concurrent disorders, complications, or external factors that threaten the health of the mother or fetus. Risk factors are categorized as socio-demographic, occupational, related to being marginalized, and related to infants and children.

1. NCM 109
CARE OF MOTHER AND
CHILD AT RISK OR WITH
PROBLEMS (ACUTE AND
CHRONIC)
INTRODUCTION

2. INTRODUCTION
• Death and disabilities
from pregnancy can be
prevented or treated.
These can be achieved
by a combination of
interventions.

3. INTRODUCTION
• Family planning can
help avoid and prevent
unplanned too early,
too late, too close, too
sickly and too many
pregnancies
particularly among
very high risk women.

4. INTRODUCTION
• Quality prenatal,
delivery and postpartum
services can prevent
complications, detect
problems early and
allow prompt treatment
and management,
mobilizing communities
and local government
will help improve the
status of women who
needed care.

5. BASIC DATA:
Poor women have 3x
more children
Poor women are more
likely to start sexual
activity, get married,
and have children the
earliest
Closely spaced
pregnancies higher
among young mother

6. BASIC DATA:
Less educated, poor
rural males are more
likely to become
fathers early
Husbands prefer more
children that their
wives
On the average,
women want 3
children

7. How are our mothers?
360,000pregnancies
experienced obstetrical
complications that
require hospitalization
Roughly, 10 women die
every 24 hrs from
causes related to
pregnancy and
childbirth

8. How are our mothers?
3,650 maternal
deaths/ yr…most are in
the rural areas
7 out of 10 deaths
occur during labor or
within 1 day after
delivery
473, 000 unsafe
abortions take place
every yr

9. Why do women die:
Complications related
to pregnancy occuring in
the onset of labor,
delivery, and
puerperium
Hypertension
complicating pregnancy,
childbirth, and
puerperium

10. Why do women die:
Postpartum
hemorrhage due to
uterine atony, retained
placenta
Pregnancy related to
abortive outcome
Hemorrhage rt
pregnancy ( ectopic
preg, placenta previa

11. Global Situation:
529,000 women die
annually from
pregnancy-related
causes
95% of maternal deaths
in 2000 occurred in
Africa and Asia; 4% in
Latin America; and 1% in
developed regions

12. Global Situation:
More than 1 million of
children are orphaned
Children who have lost
their mothers are 10x
more likely to die early

13. PhilippineSituation:
3.1 million pregnancies
occur each year. Half of
these are unintended
and one-third ends in
abortion.
= about 473,000
abortions annually with
induced abortions as
leading cause of maternal
deaths

14. Philippine Situation:
10 mothers die
everyday due to
childbirth and
pregnancy-related
complications
Every mother who dies
leaves 3 orphans. In
effect, 30 children are
orphaned everyday.

15. Central Visayas:
Only 4 in 10 births occur
in health facility
70% of birth were
delivered at home; 27% at
hospital ; 3% others

16. High Risk Pregnancy
• Is defined as one in
which a concurrent
disorder , pregnancy
related complication or
external factor
jeopardizes the health
of the mother, fetus,
or both.

17. High Risk Pregnancy
can be group into two:
• Women with pre
existing or newly
acquired illness
• Women who develop
complications of
pregnancy

18. High Risk Pregnancy
Ways for Identifying
client’s at Risk:
Physiological
Psychological
Social

19. A. Pre-
Pregnancy

20. A. Pre-Pregnancy

21. B. Pregnancy

22. C. Labor & Delivery

23. Risk Factors:
Socio-demographic: maternal age,
parity , marital
• status, residence,
ethnicity, income, racial
and ethnic origin.
• occupational hazards:
 prolonged shifts,
extreme heat,
 exposure to
radiation.
Marginalized Women:
1. unemployment
2. lack of education

24. Risk Factors:
• Infants and children:
1. birth defects due to
exposure to teratogens
2. malnutrition
3. illness
4. handicapped children
5. child abuse